Patent Grant
9054576
This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0091754, filed on Aug. 22, 2012, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a high-efficiency DC/DC converter with high conversion ratio and, more particularly, to a DC/DC converter which can boost DC voltage as desired with a simple structure and a simple switching control using a minimum number of active elements and passive elements.
2. Description of the Related Art
A DC/DC converter refers to an electronic circuit device that converts a voltage of direct current (DC) power into another voltage of the DC power, and, in a broad sense, may comprise a device in which a DC motor and a DC generator are mechanically coupled together. The DC/DC converter is used in almost all electronic devices that require the conversion of the DC power.
However, a conventional DC/DC converter comprises a large number of active elements and passive elements and has a complicated circuit structure as well as a complicated switching operation for the conversion of the voltage.
Moreover, the conventional DC/DC converter may have many losses due to the complicated switching operation during the conversion of the voltage.
Furthermore, the conversion ratio of the conventional converters is limited to a predetermined range and, for example, in the case of a boost converter, the conversion ratio of the DC power must be limited to a range of less than 2.5 due to parasitic resistance.
Thus, the development of a new concept of DC/DC converter which can solve the problems of the conventional DC/DC converters is required.
The present invention has been made in an effort to meet the above-described technical requirements, to solve the above-described problems associated with prior art, and to provide a technique that cannot be readily developed by those having ordinary skill in the art.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a DC/DC converter with a new structure, which can control the conversion with a very simple switching operation using a minimum number of active elements and passive elements and can increase the rate, at which the voltage is boosted, as necessary.
In one aspect, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a DC/DC converter comprising: a power switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between one side of a power supply and anodes of a first diode and a second diode; a first capacitive element whose one side is connected to a cathode of the first diode; a second capacitive element whose one side is connected to a cathode of the second diode; a first-first switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of the first capacitive element and the other side of the power supply; and a second-first switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of the first capacitive element and one side of the second capacitive element.
The DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further comprise an output diode whose anode is connected to one side of the first capacitive element and whose cathode is connected to one side of an output element.
The cathode of the output diode may be connected to one side of an output capacitive element and one side of an output load.
The DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further comprise: a first inductive element connected between one side of the power switch and the anodes of the first diode and the second diode; and a second inductive element connected between one side of the first capacitive element and the anode of the output diode.
The power switch, the first-first switch, and the second-first switch may be operated under zero-current switching.
The DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may comprise a switching operation including: a first phase in which the power switch and the first-first switch are turned on and the second-first switch is turned off; and a second phase in which the power switch and the first-first switch are turned off and the second-first switch is turned on.
The DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may comprise: a third diode whose anode is connected to a contact point between the anode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode; a third capacitive element whose one side is connected to a cathode of the third diode; a first-second switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of the second capacitive element and the other side of the power supply; and a second-second switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of the second capacitive element and one side of the third capacitive element.
The DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may comprise a switching operation including: a first phase in which the power switch, the first-first switch, and the first-second switch are turned on and the second-first switch and the second-second switch are turned off; and a second phase in which the power switch, the first-first switch, and the first-second switch are turned off and the second-first switch and the second-second switch are turned on.
The DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further comprise: an nth diode whose anode is connected to a contact point between the anode of the first diode to an anode of an (n−1)th diode; an nth capacitive element whose one side is connected to a cathode of the nth diode; a first-(n−1)th switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of an (n−1)th capacitive element and the other side of the power supply; and a second-(n−1)th switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of the (n−1)th capacitive element and one side of the nth capacitive element, thus boosting the voltage N times.
The DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may comprise a switching operation including: a first phase in which the power switch and the first-first switch to the first-(n−1)th switch are turned on and the second-first switch to the second-(n−1)th switch are turned off; and a second phase in which the power switch and the first-first switch to the first-(n−1)th switch are turned off and the second-first switch to the second-(n−1)th switch are turned on.
The voltage may be boosted at a rate proportional to the number of the capacitive elements included therein.
A plurality of stages may be formed by connecting a plurality of DC/DC converters in series, and the conversion ratio is increased by the connection of the plurality of DC/DC converters.
When the number of the stages is K and the number of capacitive elements included in each stage is L, the conversion ratio may be the kth power of L.
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:
Hereinafter, a DC/DC converter according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following exemplary embodiments are provided only for illustrative purposes so that those skilled in the art can fully understand the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the following exemplary embodiments but may be implemented in other forms. In the drawings, the widths, lengths, thicknesses and the like of elements are exaggerated for convenience of illustration. Like reference numerals indicate like elements throughout the specification and drawings.
As used herein, the term “comprising” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude the presence of additional components. Moreover, it will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on” or “connected to” another element or layer, it can be directly on or directly connected to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or “directly connected to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present.
Next, an exemplary embodiment of a DC/DC converter according to the present invention will be described with reference to
Referring to
Moreover, the DC/DC converter may further comprise an output diode D2. Here, an anode of the output diode D2 may be connected to one side of the first capacitive element C1 and the cathode of the first diode DA, and a cathode of the output diode D2 may be connected to one side of an output capacitive element Cout and one side of an output load Rload.
The DC/DC converter may further comprise a first inductive element L1 and a second inductive element L2 for inducing resonance in current preferably in conjunction with the capacitive elements. Here, the first inductive element L1 may preferably be connected between one side of the power switch S1 and the anodes of the first diode DA and the second diode DB. Moreover, the second inductive element L2 may preferably be connected between one side of the first capacitive element C1 and the anode of the output diode D2.
The power supply Vs may be configured with various types of power supplies and may preferably be configured with a DC power supply for generating a DC voltage.
The first capacitive element C1 and the second capacitive element C2 may be implemented with various electronic elements having capacitance values and may preferably be implemented with a capacitor.
Moreover, the first inductive element L1 and the second inductive element L2 may be implemented with various electronic elements having inductance values and may preferably be implemented with an inductor.
The power switch S1, the first-first switch SA, and the second-first switch SAA may be implemented with various types of switching elements such as a thyristor, a gate turn-off switch (GTO), a field effect transistor (FET), an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), etc. Moreover, the above-described switches may be operated under zero-current switching by the resonance of the capacitive elements C1, C2, and Cout and the inductive elements L1 and L2, and thus the zero-current switching can reduce switching loss.
The DC/DC converter can boost the voltage of the power supply to various values by configuring the operation of the power switch S1, the first-first switch SA, and the second-first switch SAA in various combinations. In detail, it is possible to implement various conversion ratios of the DC/DC converter by controlling the ON/OFF sequence of the power switch S1, the first-first switch SA, and the second-first switch SAA in various ways.
Meanwhile, the operation of the switches may be set up in the following combination, and the DC/DC converter can easily implement a conversion ratio of 2 times by a simple switching operation of two phases:
In detail, the same voltage as the power supply Vs is charged in the first capacitive element C1 (capacitive element C1 is charged by the power supply Vs) and the second capacitive element C2, respectively, by the switching operation of the first phase, and the capacitive element C1 and the second capacitive element C2 are connected in series by the switching operation of the second phase, thus implementing an output voltage 2Vs boosted two times the input voltage.
Next, another exemplary embodiment of a DC/DC converter according to the present invention will be described with reference to
Referring to
Moreover, the DC/DC converter may further comprise an output diode D2. Here, an anode of the output diode D2 may be connected to one side of the first capacitive element C1 and the cathode of the first diode DA, and a cathode of the output diode D2 may be connected to one side of an output capacitive element Cout and one side of an output load Rload.
The DC/DC converter may further comprise a first inductive element L1 and a second inductive element L2 for inducing resonance in current preferably in conjunction with the capacitive elements. Here, the first inductive element L1 may preferably be connected between one side of the power switch S1 and the anodes of the first diode DA, the second diode DB, and the third diode DC. Moreover, the second inductive element L2 may preferably be connected between one side of the first capacitive element C1 and the anode of the output diode D2.
As a result, the DC/DC converter has a structure in which the third diode DC, the third capacitive element C3, the first-second switch SB, and the second-second switch SBB are further provided, compared to the DC/DC converter of
The power supply Vs may also be configured with various types of power supplies and may preferably be configured with a DC power supply for generating a DC voltage.
Moreover, the first capacitive element C1, the second capacitive element C2, and the third capacitive element C3 may also be implemented with various electronic elements having capacitance values and may preferably be implemented with a capacitor.
Furthermore, the first inductive element L1 and the second inductive element L2 may also be implemented with various electronic elements having inductance values and may preferably be implemented with an inductor.
The power switch S1, the first-first switch SA, the first-second switch SB, the second-first switch SAA, and the second-second switch SBB may also be implemented with various types of switching elements such as a thyristor, a gate turn-off switch (GTO), a field effect transistor (FET), an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), etc. Moreover, the above-described switches may be operated under zero-current switching by the resonance of the capacitive elements C1, C2, C3, and Cout and the inductive elements L1 and L2, and thus the zero-current switching can reduce switching loss.
The DC/DC converter can boost the voltage of the power supply to various values by configuring the operation of the power switch S1, the first-first switch SA, the first-second switch SB, the second-first switch SAA, and the second-second switch SBB in various combinations. In detail, it is possible to implement various conversion ratios of the DC/DC converter by controlling the ON/OFF sequence of the power switch S1, the first-first switch SA, the first-second switch SB, the second-first switch SAA, and the second-second switch SBB in various ways.
Meanwhile, the operation of the switches may be set up in the following combination in the following combination, and the DC/DC converter can easily implement a conversion ratio of 3 times by a simple switching operation of two phases:
In detail, the same voltage as the power supply Vs is charged in the first capacitive element C1, the second capacitive element C2, and the third capacitive element C3, respectively, by the switching operation of the first phase, and the capacitive element C1, the second capacitive element C2, and the third capacitive element C3 are connected in series by the switching operation of the second phase, thus implementing an output voltage 3Vs boosted three times the input voltage.
As a result, the DC/DC converter of
Moreover, through the above-described configuration, the DC/DC converter in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention has an increased conversion ratio (e.g., 2 times→3 times), compared to the DC/DC converter of
Next, still another exemplary embodiment of a DC/DC converter according to the present invention will be described with reference to
As above, the process of increasing the conversion ratio (e.g., 2 times→3 times) by adding the simple elements (e.g., the third diode, the third capacitive element, the first-second switch, and the second-second switch) to the DC/DC converter of
For example, it is possible to increase the conversion ratio of 3 times to a conversion ratio of 4 times by adding a fourth diode whose anode is connected to a contact point between the anode of the first diode DA, the anode of the second diode DB, and the anode of the third diode DC, a fourth capacitive element whose one side is connected to a cathode of the fourth diode, a first-third switch SC for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of the third capacitive element C3 and the other side of the power supply, and a second-third switch for selectively switching an electrical connection between the other side of the third capacitive element C3 and one side of the fourth capacitive element to the DC/DC converter of
Moreover, it is possible to increase the conversion ratio of 4 times to a conversion ratio of 5 times by adding a fifth diode, a fifth capacitive element, a first-fourth switch, and a second-fourth switch to the above DC/DC converter and then controlling the switching operation in a similar manner.
As a result, it is possible to provide a DC/DC converter having an increased conversion ratio as shown in
In detail, it is possible to implement the conversion ratio of N times by adding elements to the DC/DC converter of
For example, to configure a DC/DC converter with a conversion ratio of 5 times from the DC/DC converter of
Substitute 3 for n & add first to fourth elements;
Substitute 4 for n & add first to fourth elements; and
Substitute 5 for n & add first to fourth elements.
Meanwhile, in this case, the switching operation for implementing the conversion ratio of N times may preferably be controlled as follows:
Moreover, the switching frequency ωs may preferably have the same value as the resonant frequency.
Resonant Frequency 1 (Charge Mode of C1 to CN)
Resonant Frequency 2 (Charge Mode of Cout)
In detail, the switching frequency ωs may preferably have the same value (ωs=ω1=ω2) as the above two resonant frequencies (ω1 and ω2), and thus the values of the capacitive elements C1, C2, C3, . . . CN and the inductive elements L1 and L2 may be selected from various combinations in which the two frequency values (ω1 and ω2) are equal to each other.
As a result, it is possible to boost the input voltage N times by adding the elements to the DC/DC converter based on the above-described rule and then controlling the switching operation in the above manner (for reference, when the input voltage is boosted N times, the DC/DC converter includes an N number of capacitive elements, and thus the DC/DC converter boosts the voltage at the same rate as the number of the capacitive elements included in the DC/DC converter).
Next, examples of specific operations of the DC/DC converter according to the present invention will be described with reference to
A DC/DC converter of
Here, the switches included in the circuit may be implemented with an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) among the above-described various embodiments.
Moreover, it is assumed that the first capacitive element C1, the second capacitive element C2, and the third capacitive element C3 included in the DC/DC converter of
The DC/DC converter of
The capacitive elements C1, C2, and C3 are connected to the power supply in parallel by the switching operation of the first phase (
Then, the connection between the capacitive elements C1, C2, and C3 and the power supply is cut off by the switching operation of the second phase (
Meanwhile, in the first phase and the second phase, the switching operation of the power switch S1, the first-first switch SA, the first-second switch SB, the second-first switch SAA, and the second-second switch SBB may preferably be operated under zero-current switching.
In detail, the zero-current switching may be implemented by a resonant switching method by configuring the switching frequency (ωs, in units of Hz) as follows:
Resonant Frequency 1 (Charge Mode of C1, C2 & C3,
C must take subscript 1 in equation above.
Resonant Frequency 2 (Charge Mode of Cout,
The switching frequency ωs may preferably have the same value (ωs=ω1=ω2) as the above two resonant frequencies (ω1 and ω2), and thus the values of the capacitive elements C1, C2, and C3 and the inductive elements L1 and L2 may be selected from various combinations in which the two frequency values (ω1 and ω2) are equal to each other.
Accordingly, the values of the inductive elements L1 and L2 may be selected from combinations that satisfy ω1=ω2 in the embodiments of
Next, an exemplary embodiment in which the DC/DC converter according to the present invention forms a plurality of stages will be described with reference to
Referring to
Here, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention may be implemented in each stage and, for example, the conversion circuits as shown in
Accordingly, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention can increase the degree of freedom in controlling the conversion ratio by configuring the plurality of stages. In detail, it is possible to control the conversion ratio by controlling the number of stages at the entire level and control the conversion ratio by controlling the structure of the stage itself (i.e., the structure of the DC/DC converter) at each stage level, thus increasing the degree of freedom in controlling the conversion ratio.
Meanwhile, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention can boost the voltage at the same rate as the number of the capacitive elements included therein. Thus, when the number of stages is K and the number of capacitive elements included in each stage is L in the structure of
Moreover, as a simple example, assuming that the DC/DC converter of the present invention comprises three stages (1 to 3), the number of capacitive elements in stage 1 is 3, the number of capacitive elements in stage 2 is 2, and the number of capacitive elements in stage 3 is 4, the voltage is boosted 24 times (3×2×4).
As described above, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention may have a very simple structure including a minimum number of active elements and passive elements. Thus, it is possible to significantly simplify the entire circuit structure and significantly improve the productivity and economics of the DC/DC converter.
Moreover, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention can boost the DC power by a simple switching operation.
Furthermore, since the DC/DC converter according to the present invention can boost the voltage by a simple switching operation and the switches are operated under zero-current switching, it is possible to reduce switching loss that may occur during the conversion process of the DC/DC converter.
In addition, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention can increase the conversion ratio of the DC power as desired. That is, it is possible to increase the conversion ratio of the voltage by adding very simple elements based on certain rules.
Additionally, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention can boost the voltage at the same rate as the number of the capacitive elements included therein. Thus, it is possible to directly control the conversion ratio by controlling the number of the capacitive elements included in the DC/DC converter.
Moreover, the DC/DC converter according to the present invention can increase the degree of freedom in controlling the conversion ratio by configuring a plurality of stages with a plurality of DC/DC converters. That is, it is possible to control the conversion ratio by controlling the number of stages at the entire level and control the conversion ratio by controlling the structure of the stage itself at each stage level, thus implementing a DC/DC converter capable of controlling the conversion ratio.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined not by the detailed description of the invention but by the appended claims, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20140055118 A1 | Feb 2014 | US |
