Patent Application
20200040535
This application claims the benefit of Italian Patent Application No. 102018000007848, filed Aug. 3, 2018, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure generally relates to an expansion joint for building constructions, also called a structural joint. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an expansion joint designed to fill a space in building structures and configured to absorb the deformations of such structures, after changes in the ambient temperatures or after seismic events.
In many structures, joints are used to accommodate the relative movements of the individual structural elements of the structure without sacrificing the indispensable structural continuity of a roadway. More specifically, the expansion joints allow the free expansion or contraction of parts of a structure following seasonal or daily thermal excursion phenomena.
A typical example of such joints are the expansion joints used in building structures, for example in buildings such as roads, bridges or viaducts or in the railway field. In the case of roads, for example, a space is generally left between two road decks, so that they are free to expand or contract depending on the ambient temperature. These spaces are filled by expansion joints that ensure the continuity of the road pavement while allowing relative movement of the road decks.
There are different types of expansion joints on the market, classified according to their structure and to the materials of which they are made.
Among the different types of expansion joints, we can distinguish reinforced rubber joints, generally characterized by relatively low costs and by the fact that they allow large excursions as well as easy placement.
Historically, such joints are mainly used in the road field in order to connect two road decks in the longitudinal direction and comprise a more or less numerous series of openings, generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the joint itself, necessary for the development of the required elastic deformations. Such joints are in fact traditionally constituted by an elastic structure in which, by means of a vulcanization process or other technological process, metal profiles are inserted which are adapted to modify, at certain points, the rigidity or load-bearing capacity of the elastic structure itself.
More specifically, the rubber expansion joints generally comprise a plate element arranged between the structural elements among which the joint is placed, for example, in the case of a road or a bridge, between two road decks. These joints also comprise at least one deformable body able to absorb the deformations of at least one of the elements of the structure itself.
In addition, in general, in order to ensure the continuity of the pavement and to protect the substructure from the rainwater, the entire joint is covered with elastic material.
The presence of this elastic covering material is however a drawback of the joints of the prior art, firstly because, mainly by cause of the passage of the vehicles in the case of road joints, and in general due to the wear caused, for example, by the agents atmospheric, the elastic material tends to wear down. In particular, the wear of the elastic material can compromise the structure and the functionality of the joint.
Secondly, any damage to the elastic material compromises the impermeability of the joint. In fact, cracks or discontinuities in the rubber of which the joint is made could lead to the infiltration of rainwater.
Consequently, in case of wear or damage, maintenance or replacement of expansion joints is often necessary. Such maintenance interventions, especially due to the conformation of known joints, are very complex and expensive and often require the replacement of the entire joint.
The present disclosure proposes to provide an expansion joint which allows to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks with reference to the prior art and/or to achieve further advantages.
This is achieved by providing an expansion joint and a method for repairing an expansion joint according to the respective independent claims.
Particular embodiments of the subject of the present disclosure are defined in the corresponding dependent claims.
The present disclosure starts from the recognition of the author of the present disclosure, that the conformation of the expansion joints belonging to the prior art makes maintenance due to wear, in particular the wear of the elastic components, particularly difficult.
Specifically, any damage to the elastic components of the expansion joints according to the prior art often requires the replacement of the entire joint, or of the entire module of the joint in which the damaged element is present.
It follows that, in addition to the high timing and complexity of maintenance operations, the joints belonging to the prior art are characterized by high management costs.
In one embodiment, the expansion joint according to the present disclosure comprises a plate element adapted to be interposed between the structural elements of a building structure and at least one deformable body able to connect this plate element with at least one of said structural elements along a longitudinal direction. In other words, the joint connects to one or more structural elements to form a structure that develops and extends in a certain direction, which is defined as the longitudinal direction. This deformable body further comprises an upper portion and a lower portion which can be removably connected, wherein said upper and lower portions respectively comprise a plurality of first transversal elements connected with each other by elastic portions, preferably arranged alongside two by two in the longitudinal direction and of second transversal elements connected to each other, preferably alongside two by two in the longitudinal direction by means of elastic elements. The transversal elements extend in a transversal direction, preferably orthogonal, with respect to the longitudinal direction.
The transversal elements of the first portion form, for example, a walkable surface or a carriageable surface of the joint. In other words, it is a visible and/or exposed surface.
Preferably the first elastic portions and the second elastic portions are hidden with respect to the exposed surfaces of the joint, respectively the upper visible surface and the lower visible surface.
It follows that, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the replacement of the components of the joint, in particular of the elastic elements, as a result of wear, is facilitated and the maintenance operations are simplified and speeded up.
With the expansion joint object of the present disclosure it is then possible to avoid the replacement of the entire joint in case of damage to one of its components, being able to intervene directly only on the damaged portion.
It follows that the expansion joint according to the present disclosure also produces an economic advantage, due to the low intervention and maintenance costs.
Moreover, given the always lower points wherein the joints are provided, these latter must allow for ever-greater sliding. Consequently, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the expansion joint can comprise a number of elastic elements variable according to the excursion required.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the expansion joint comprises interlocking profiles suitable for connection with other joints, so that said expansion joint is able to connect together structural elements of different sizes.
Finally, unlike many prior art joints, the expansion joint according to the present disclosure does not require the presence of anti-lifting bars.
Further advantages, features and methods of use of the object of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description of its embodiments, presented by way of example and not of limitation.
It is however evident that each embodiment of the object of the present disclosure may present one or more of the advantages listed above; in any case it is not required that each embodiment present simultaneously all the advantages listed.
Reference will be made to the figures of the accompanying drawings, wherein:
With reference to the attached figures, an embodiment of an expansion joint is indicated with the reference number 1.
The term “expansion joint” refers to an element in the present disclosure which is able to connect at least partially structural elements of the same structure in a longitudinal direction and to allow relative movements between the structural elements themselves. Preferably, the expansion joint 1 according to the present disclosure is able to connect together road decks in structures such as bridges or viaducts.
Moreover, with the term “transversal” in the context of the present disclosure it is meant a direction of development that intersects or crosses the longitudinal direction.
It can be understood that the expansion joint is arranged substantially horizontally in an intermediate position between the decks. In the context of the present disclosure, any spatial reference, such as upper, lower, above, below, or similar reference must be understood in a non-limiting manner with reference to a horizontal position of the joint.
In particular, with reference to
The expansion joint 1 further comprises at least one deformable body 20. This at least one deformable body 20 is able to connect in a longitudinal direction the plate body 10 with a structural element of the structure on which the joint 1 is able to be installed. Specifically, the deformable body 20 is interposed between the plate body 10 and a structural element in such a way as to allow the latter free expansion and contraction.
In other words, the deformable body 20, the plate body 10, and the structural element form, in that order, a flanking or a sequence of elements in the longitudinal direction.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the at least one deformable body 20 comprises two structurally separable pieces, that is to say two portions superimposed on each other to form a two-layer or multilayer structure. Specifically, it consists of an upper portion 30 and a lower portion 40 which can be removably connected. In other words, the at least one deformable body 20 includes an upper portion 30 designed to ensure the structural continuity between the plate body 10 and the structural element to which the latter is connected, and a lower portion 40 suitable for the support of the upper portion 30. In this way, the upper portion 30, which is more exposed to wear as it is for example exposed to atmospheric agents and, in the case of a road joint, in contact with the tires of the vehicles, can be easily separated from the lower portion 40 and replaced. It follows that in the event of wear of one or more of the components of the upper portion 30, the maintenance operations are simplified and speeded up and the replacement of the entire expansion joint 1 is not required. Furthermore, also the replacement of the entire deformable body 20 is an easy operation, since it is connected to the plate body 10 and to a structural element by means of common connection means such as screws or anchor bolts.
In other words, it is a joint in which the deformable body is formed by two components superimposed and connected to each other in a removable manner.
According to one embodiment, the connection between the upper portion 30 and the lower portion 40 can be made by means of interlocking elements 60. Alternatively and/or in addition to these interlocking elements 60, the expansion joint according to the present disclosure can comprise fixing means, such as screws, between the upper portion 30 and the lower portion 40 of the at least one deformable body 20.
In order to confer deformability to the joint, the upper portion 30 and the lower portion 40 each comprise a plurality of substantially flat supporting portions for the vehicles that pass on the road surface and/or support portions of the expansion joint 1 to an underlying structure and portions of mutual contact. The support portions are aligned opposite and spaced apart from each other. Between the flat supporting portions and the mutual contact portions are included elastic portions that allow a sort of springing of the entire joint. In other words, said elastic parts allow expansion of the joint due, for example, to changes in the ambient temperature or to seismic events. The support portions and the elastic parts are arranged so as to form, in section, at least one ring structure or configuration 50.
Depending on the deformability that the joint must be able to reach, there may be more than one ring structure 50 connected to each other through the portions of mutual contact.
In particular, the upper portion 30 comprises a plurality of first transversal elements 31, that is to say, elements with a main development direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of connection between the structural elements that the expansion joint 1 is able to connect, connected in the longitudinal direction by first elastic portions 32, or similar elements having a greater deformability than the first transversal elements 31. These first transversal elements can be metallic elements, such as for example metal plates.
The upper portion 30 also comprises a plurality of first plate-like elements 33, which represent the mutual contact elements mentioned above. The first plate-like elements 33 alternate with the first transversal elements 31 to form the body of the upper portion 30. In other words, said first transversal elements 31 and first plate-like elements 33 develop parallel to the plate body 10, in the transversal direction of the joint of expansion 1. This plurality of first transversal elements 31 can be metallic elements, such as for example metal plates. More specifically, said plurality of first transversal elements 31 of the upper portion 30 of the deformable body 20 comprises T-shaped elements 31a, connected and alternated in longitudinal direction to said first plate-like elements 33. In particular, said T-shaped elements 31a comprise a horizontal portion designed to guarantee the continuity surface of the joint 1 and suitable, for example to the contact with the vehicles in transit, and a vertical portion able to support said horizontal portion, while the first plate-like elements 33 are suitable for interlocking with the lower portion 40, for example through interlocking elements 60. According to an embodiment of the joint 1 according to the present disclosure, said first plate-like elements 33 comprise female portions 61 of interlocking elements 60.
Still more particularly, as mentioned above, said T-shaped elements 31a and said first plate-like elements 33 are connected to each other by means of first elastic portions 32 able to allow relative movements between the aforesaid first transversal elements. Preferably, said first elastic portions 32 are reinforced rubber elements, even more preferably elements composed of a natural rubber (NR) or chloroprene rubber (CR). Moreover, preferably, the aforementioned first transversal elements, specifically the T-shaped elements 31a and the first plate-like elements 33, are inserted inside the first elastic portions 32, for example through a vulcanization process. In this way the upper portion 30 is constituted by a single element, favoring the resistance of the entire joint. Moreover, the vulcanization of said first transversal elements within the first elastic portions 32 allows protection against wear due to contact with atmospheric agents and/or with vehicle tires. Moreover, as can be seen from
Similar to the upper portion 30, the lower portion 40 comprises a plurality of second transversal elements 41, i.e. elements with a main development direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of connection between the structural elements which the expansion joint 1 is able to connect and which, consequently, develop parallel to the plate body 10, connected to each other in the longitudinal direction by means of second elastic portions 42, or similar elements having a greater deformability than the second transversal elements 41. In practice, the elastic portions 32, 42 or elements having greater deformability are elements able to allow relative movements between said first transversal elements 31 and between second transversal elements 41. Consequently, the at least one deformable body 20 can deform according to the expansion or contraction of the structural elements of the structure on which the joint of expansion 1 is apt to be installed. In particular, the structure of the at least one deformable body 20 allows both longitudinal and transversal movements between the structural elements, combinations of said two movements, and relative rotations on the plane of the expansion joint 1. Furthermore, the at least one deformable body 20 allows displacements of the structural elements also in the vertical plane, i.e. in a plane perpendicular to said longitudinal direction, an effect caused by the so-called pitching of the spans. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the number of said first and second transversal elements 31, 41 is variable according to the maximum excursion required by the structure on which the expansion joint 1 is able to be installed. Preferably, however, the number of said first transversal elements 31 is equal to the number of said second transversal elements 41.
More specifically, said plurality of second transversal elements 41, which may be metal elements such as for example metal plates, comprises coupling elements 41a with the T-shaped elements 31a, connected and alternated in the longitudinal direction to second plate-like elements 43. The latter, together with the first plate-like elements 33, represent the mutual contact elements mentioned above. In particular, the coupling elements 41a provide a structural support to the T-shaped elements 31a allowing the expansion joint 1 to support the weight of the vehicles passing on it. Preferably, said coupling elements 41a are metal plate elements. Even more preferably, the coupling elements 41a comprise a coupling seat 41b for said T-shaped elements 31a able to increase the stability of the T-shaped elements 31a during movements. Said coupling seat 41b is preferably defined by two plate elements which extend in the transversal direction along the entire length of the coupling elements 41a. Specifically, the vertical portion of the T-shaped elements 31a is at least partially interposed between said two plate elements of the coupling element 41a. This configuration makes it possible that to movements of the upper portion 30 correspond with equivalent movements of the lower portion 40 and vice versa, in particular between the T-shaped elements 31a and the coupling elements 41a.
Alternatively, according to a further aspect of the present disclosure, the T-shaped elements can be placed on the lower portion 40 of the deformable body 20. In this case, the plurality of first transversal elements 31 of the upper portion 30 comprises coupling elements which are alternate in longitudinal direction with first plate-like elements 33, and the second transversal elements 41 of the lower portion 40 comprise T-shaped elements which are alternated in longitudinal direction with second plate-like elements. In other words, according to this aspect, the plurality of second transversal elements 41 of the lower portion 40 comprises T-shaped elements and the plurality of first transversal elements 31 of the upper portion 30 comprises coupling elements for a coupling with said elements shaped as “T”.
The second plate-like elements 43 can comprise male portions 62 of interlocking elements 60 for connecting the upper portion 30 to the lower portion 40. Alternatively, the first plate-like elements 33 can comprise male portions 62 of interlocking elements 60 and the second plate-like elements 43 can comprising female portions of interlocking elements 60. These interlocking elements 60 help to ensure that the elements of the upper portion 30 of the deformable body 20 undergo displacements equivalent to the corresponding elements of the lower portion 40 to which they are connected following the expansion or of the contraction of the structural elements of the structure on which the joint is able to be installed. Moreover, said second plate-like elements 43 preferably comprise supporting elements 44 suitable for providing further structural support to the expansion joint 1 when the vehicles pass. More specifically, said support elements 44 provide support for the first and second plate-like elements 33, 43 and to the female portions 61 of the interlocking elements 60 which, in the case of road joints, are in direct contact with the vehicles in transit.
As for the first transversal elements of the upper portion 30, the coupling elements 41a and the second plate-like elements 43 are connected to each other by means of second elastic portions 42 designed to allow relative movements between the aforesaid first transversal elements. Preferably, said second elastic portions 42 are reinforced rubber elements, even more preferably elements composed of a natural rubber (NR) or chloroprene rubber (CR). Moreover, preferably, the aforementioned second transversal elements 41, specifically the coupling elements 41a and the second plate-like elements 43, are inserted inside the second elastic portions 42, for example through a vulcanization process. In this way the upper portion 30 is constituted by a single element, favoring the resistance of the entire joint. Moreover, as can be seen from
With particular reference to
Moreover, the coupling elements 41a to said T-shaped elements 31a are placed at a second plane, or lower plane with respect to that of the structural elements between which the joint 1 is installed. In the case of a road junction, this plane is placed below the road surface. In fact, as mentioned above, the coupling elements 41a and said T-shaped elements are spaced apart. Finally, the first and second plate-like elements, respectively 31, 41, are placed at a plane interposed between said first floor, or upper floor, and said second floor, or lower floor. Furthermore, said three planes are parallel planes. This configuration allows the maximum excursion between the various elements that make up the at least one deformable body of the expansion joint 1.
Preferably, as can be seen from the figures, the expansion joint 1 according to the present disclosure comprises two deformable bodies, respectively 20a and 20b placed in the longitudinal direction at the ends of the plate body 10 so as to connect both the structural elements to the plate body 10 and to allow the free expansion of both said structural elements. In other words, therefore, according to a preferred embodiment, the expansion joint 1 according to the present disclosure preferably comprises two deformable bodies 20a and 20b, between which a plate body 10 is interposed. In this case, the first structural element, one of the two deformable elements, the plate body 10, the other deformable body, the second structural element form in this order a flanking or a sequence of elements in the longitudinal direction. The two deformable elements are preferably identical to each other, and connected to the adjacent elements in juxtaposition with the same modalities.
For example, the connection between the plate body 10 and said at least one deformable body 20 takes place through first connection means 11, such as for example screws, or other connection means known to the person skilled in the art.
The deformable body 20 is also connected to a structural element of the structure on which the joint is able to be installed by means of second connection means (not shown in the figures), such as for example metal anchor bolts. Specifically, the at least one deformable body 20 comprises a portion suitable for connection to a structural element on which the joint is placed. In particular, the at least one deformable body can comprise a hooking element 12, preferably metal, preferably hollow and filled with elastic material, on which a second connecting means is inserted, which is suitable for connecting this hooking element 12 to said structural element.
The hooking element 12 is preferably an element distinct from the at least one deformable body 20. The connection between said hooking element 12 and a deformable body 20 can take place through connection means such as screws, or other connection means known to the expert technician. of the branch.
With specific reference to
In particular, according to one embodiment, the two ends of the expansion joint 1 in the transversal direction respectively comprise female portions 71 and male portions 72 of interlocking profiles 70. Specifically, a first side wall of the plate body 10 is not connected to deformable elements 20 or to one of the structural elements on which the joint 1 is able to be installed can comprise male portions 72 of interlocking profiles 70, and a second side wall of the plate body 10 not connected to deformable elements 20 or one of the structural elements on which the joint 1 is able to be installed can comprise female portions 71 of interlocking profiles 70. In the same way, male portions 72 and female portions 71 of interlocking profiles 70 can be placed at the ends of the hooking elements 12, of the T-shaped elements 31a, of the coupling elements 41a, of the first and second elements plate 33, 43 and of the interlocking elements 60. Specifically,
According to the embodiment shown in
The at least one deformable body 20′ comprises two superimposed and structurally independent and separable portions. In particular, these superimposed portions comprise an upper portion 30′ and a lower portion 40′ which can be removably connected, preferably by fastening means 60′ such as, for example, screws and bolts placed between the upper portion 30′ and the lower portion 40′ and/or removable joint means. The upper portion 30′ and the lower portion 40′ each comprise a plurality of substantially flat supporting portions for the vehicles that pass on the road surface and/or support portions of the joint 1′ to an underlying structure. Between the support portions of the upper portion 30′ and the support portions of the lower portion 40′ are included elastic parts which allow a sort of springing of the entire joint. In other words, said elastic parts allow expansion of the joint due, for example, to changes in the ambient temperature or to seismic events. According to this embodiment, moreover, said elastic parts are arranged in, or facing towards, an inner region RI of the expansion joint 1′, that is, a region interposed, in use, between said upper portion 30′ and said lower portion 40′. Preferably, said first elastic portions 32′ and second elastic portions 42′ are arranged to define a groove or depression with respect to a visible surface of the expansion joint. In other words, said first elastic portions 32′ and second elastic portions 42′ are arranged so as not to protrude or face flush with the visible surface of the expansion joint. Each exposed surface preferably coincides with the respective upper and lower planes of the expansion joint. This reduces the risk of wear on the elastic portions.
More specifically, the upper portion 30′ comprises a plurality of first transversal elements 31′, that is to say elements with a main development direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of connection between the structural elements which the expansion joint 1′ is adapted to connect. These first transversal elements 31′ are arranged alongside in the longitudinal direction and connected together in the longitudinal direction by first elastic portions 32′, or similar elements having a greater deformability than the first transversal elements 31′. The first elastic portions 32′ faces, in use, towards said internal region RI of the expansion joint 1′. In other words, in use, the first elastic portions 32′ do not face, in the case of a road expansion joint, towards the road surface. According to this aspect, said first elastic portions 32′ do not come into contact with the tires of the vehicles passing over said expansion joint 1′. Consequently, the wear of the elastic portions 32′ is reduced.
Similarly, the lower portion 40′ comprises a plurality of second transversal elements 41′, i.e. elements with a main development direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of connection between the structural elements which the joint 1′ is able to connect. These second transversal elements 41′ are arranged alongside in the longitudinal direction and connected to each other in the longitudinal direction by means of second elastic portions 42′, or similar elements having a deformability greater than the second transversal elements 41′. The second elastic portions 42′ face, in use, towards the internal region RI. According to this aspect, these second elastic portions 42′ do not come into contact with the structure, in use, under the expansion joint 1′. Consequently, the wear of the elastic portions 42′ is reduced. The number of said first and second transversal elements 31′, 41′ is variable according to the maximum excursion required by the structure on which the expansion joint 1 is suitable to be installed. Preferably, the number of said first transversal elements 31 ‘is equal to the number of said second transversal elements 42’.
According to an aspect of this embodiment, as shown in
According to this second embodiment of the expansion joint 1′, the plate body 10′ can be inserted inside an elastic element. Preferably however, according to this embodiment, neither the plate body 10′, nor the first and second transversal elements 31′, 41′ are inserted inside elastic elements.
The expansion joint 1′, as described for the first embodiment, can comprise interlocking profiles suitable for connecting it with other expansion joints 1′ in the transversal direction.
The present disclosure also relates to a building structure including the expansion joint described above. Preferably, this building structure is a road surface or a portion of road surface.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, thanks to the expansion joint 1, 1′ described above, maintenance interventions due to damage caused for example by wear are considerably facilitated. Specifically, as stated, the expansion joint 1, 1′ according to the present disclosure allows a simple replacement of the upper portion 30, 30′ of the deformable body 20, 20′, i.e. the portion most subject to wear. In particular, the method of repairing the expansion joint 1, 1′ provides the following steps:
The new upper portion may be an upper portion different from the previous upper portion or may be the previous upper portion after repair or maintenance.
The object of the present disclosure has been so far described with reference to its embodiments. It is to be understood that there may be other embodiments which refer to the same inventive core, all falling within the scope of protection of the claims set forth below.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102018000007848 | Aug 2018 | IT | national |
