FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to reflectors to utilize with light emitting diodes (LEDs), and particularly when the LEDs are high-flux LEDs.
DISCUSSION OF THE BACKGROUND
High-flux LEDs are becoming more and more prevalent. A high-flux LED is generally an LED with greater luminous output in comparison with earlier developed traditional 5 mm LEDs, and an LED that has a larger size chip than in the traditional 5 mm LED. A high-flux LED for the purposes of this disclosure is defined as an individual LED package that is capable of dissipating more than 0.75 watts of electric power. With improvement in high-flux LED technology, more and more companies are developing different types of high-flux LEDs. High-flux LEDs also typically have larger viewing angles in comparison with a traditional 5 mm LED. To use such high-flux LEDs efficiently, mechanisms have been provided to redirected light output from the larger viewing angle of the high-flux LEDs. One known way to use the light output from high-flux LEDs more efficiently is to use a reflective/refractive lens to redirect output light. That approach has been utilized by companies such as Lumileds, Osram, and Fraen, etc.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
However, the applicants of the present invention recognized that a significant drawback exists in utilizing such a reflective/refractive lens. Such a reflective/refractive lens is a plastic lens, and one major drawback of utilizing such a plastic lens is that the lens is usually very bulky. That results in limiting the LED packing density and makes the LED difficult to mount.
Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to address the above-noted and other drawbacks in the background art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide novel reflectors to be utilized with LEDs, and which may find particular application with high-flux LEDs. Such novel reflectors are small in size and easy to utilize.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the present invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 1
a-1c show a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2
a-2c show a further embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3
a-3g show a further embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4
a and 4b show specific implementations of embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5
a shows a detailed view of a reflector of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5
b shows results achieved by the embodiment of FIG. 5a;
FIG. 6
a shows a detailed view of a reflector of a further embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6
b shows results achieved by the embodiment of FIG. 6a;
FIG. 7
a shows a detailed view of a reflector of a further embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 7
b and 7c show results achieved by the embodiment of FIG. 7a;
FIG. 8
a shows a detailed view of a reflector of a further embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 8
b and 8c show possible results achievable by the embodiment of FIG. 8a;
FIG. 9
a shows a further embodiment of a reflector structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9
b shows results achieved by the embodiment of FIG. 9a;
FIG. 10 shows details of a further embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 11
a-11c show views of further embodiments of the present invention;
FIGS. 12
a and 12b show a modification of a reflector structure of the present invention;
FIGS. 13
a and 13b show a further modification of a reflector structure of the present invention; and
FIGS. 14
a and 14b show a further modification of a reflector structure of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the following description to the drawings, like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views.
As discussed above, the applicants of the present invention recognized that high-flux LEDs typically have larger viewing angles in comparison with traditional 5 mm LEDs, and that a background approach to utilizing a reflective/refractive lens to redirect light from plural high-flux LEDs has a drawback in making an overall light device bulky and difficult to mount.
To address such drawbacks in the background art, the present inventors realized that enhanced packing density and mountability could be realized by utilizing a reflector for LEDs in which each LED, or at least a group of LEDs, fits into its own reflector portion. Such a structure allows high redirection of light from each individual LED in a device that is not very bulky and that is not difficult to mount. The present invention is particularly applicable to high-flux LEDs because high-flux LEDs have large viewing angles. Further, high-flux LEDs are typically utilized in systems in which fewer LEDs are provided, making it more feasible to provide an individual reflector for each LED.
A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1a-1c.
As shown in FIGS. 1a-1c a plurality of high-flux LEDs 1 are mounted onto an LED printed circuit board 14. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1a-1c a master reflector device having individual reflecting portions or reflectors 11 is provided. Those individual reflectors 11 are provided to each surround one respective high-flux LED 1. That is, in this embodiment of the present invention each LED 1 is surrounded by a respective reflector 11 of the master reflector device 10.
As shown most clearly in FIG. 1c, each individual LED 1 fits inside an individual reflector 11 and walls of the reflector 11 are sloped with respect to the LED 1. That allows light output from sides of the LED 1 to be efficiently reflected. High-flux LEDs have a large viewing angle, meaning that they emit a larger amount of light in divergent directions. By utilizing the master reflector 10 of FIG. 1 light can be reflected by the sloped walls of the individual reflectors 11, which light would otherwise not be viewed.
The reflector device 10 may be made of molded plastic and may have an aluminum coating coated on the reflective wall surfaces of the individual reflectors 11. With such a structure the reflective surfaces can reflect a portion of light from each individual high-flux LED 1 that would otherwise be lost.
As shown in FIGS. 1a-1c, the master reflector device 10 also includes holes 15 through which mounting screws 12 are passed to mount the master reflector 10 to the LED printed circuit board 14. Further, the master reflector device 10 includes a step 16. The size of the step 16 is chosen so that when the master reflector 10 is mounted on the LED printed circuit board 14, each individual reflector 11 is at the appropriate height relative to the LED 1 surrounded by the individual reflector 11. FIG. 1c specifically shows from a side view the mounting of the master reflector 10 so that each individual reflector portion 11 is at the appropriate height relative to each high-flux LED 1.
FIGS. 2
a-2c show a further embodiment of the present invention, which shows a master reflector 20 of a different shape and with a different mounting structure. In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the master reflector 20 is not mounted to the LED printed circuit board 24 by the screws 22 passing through holes 25, but instead the master reflector 20 is mounted to receptacle portions 26 in a lamp housing.
A further implementation of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 3a-3g. FIGS. 3a-3g show an embodiment of how the master reflector device of the present invention can be specifically incorporated into an LED light device including a lens and the LEDs. In that further embodiment of FIGS. 3a-3g, the system combining the LEDs and the reflectors includes heat stake features to allow the reflector to be assembled to a lens prior to the LED sub-assembly. Once the lens/reflector sub-assembly is complete, then the LED sub-assembly can be assembled onto a back post of the reflector using screws.
More specifically, FIG. 3a shown a lens 35 with heat stakes 32 used for mounting purposes. FIG. 3b shows an LED printed circuit board 34 including plural high-flux LEDs 1. FIG. 3c shows front F and back B sides of a master reflector 30 with individual reflector portions 31.
As shown in FIGS. 3d and 3e, the master reflector 30 is fit inside the lens 35 with the heat stakes 32.
Then, as shown in FIGS. 3f and 3g, the LED printed circuit board 34 with the LEDs 1, the LEDs 1 not being shown in those figures as they are on the opposite face of the LED board 34 (i.e. FIGS. 3f and 3g show the back side of the LED board 34), are then fit into the assembly shown in FIG. 3e, so that each individual LED I is fit inside one of the individual reflectors 31. The overall assembly is then assembled by screws 32.
Such a further embodiment allows the master reflector 30 to be fit into the lens 31 prior to the LED printed circuit board 34 being fit thereto.
By utilizing the embodiment of FIGS. 3a-3g, benefits in a manufacturing operation can be achieved. Specifically, utilizing the embodiment of FIGS. 3a-3g allows a pre-assembly of the lens 35 to the reflector 30, and as a result if desirable an additional heat sink can be assembled to the LED board 34 and not to the lens 35. With that structure the lens 35 can be used for a mounting application.
The reflector structures noted in each of the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3 are applicable to different types of LEDs. As examples only, the reflector structures may be utilized with Lumileds Luxeon type package LEDs such as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4a, or may also be utilized with surface mounted type package LEDs such as Osram's Golden Dragon LEDs, such as shown for example in FIG. 4b. Another example of high-flux LEDs is Nichia's NCCx-series LEDs.
Further, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-3 the shape of each individual reflector 11, 21, 31 can be symmetrical to the optical axis of the individual LEDs 1, although an unsymmetrical shape can also be realized, as discussed in a further embodiment below.
Further, and as shown for example in FIG. 5a, the cross-section of each individual reflector 11, 21, 31 may be conic. When utilizing an individual reflector 11, 21, 31 with a conic cross-section as shown in FIG. 5a, the output light distribution may have an angular distribution such as shown in FIG. 5b.
As another possible shape of each individual reflector 11, 21, 31, each individual reflector 11, 21, 31 may have a cross-section of a complicated curve as shown for example in FIG. 6a. When utilizing individual reflectors 11, 21, and 31 with such a shape of a complicated curve as shown in FIG. 6a, the output light distribution takes the form shown in FIG. 6b.
In each of the reflecting surfaces shown in FIGS. 5a and 6a, a portion of the light output from the high-flux LED 1 propagates to the reflective surfaces of the individual reflectors 11, 21, 31, and the light is reflected to a direction closer to the optical axis of the LED 1. Other portions of the light output from the LED 1 are not interfered with by the reflectors 11, 21, 31 and travel uninterrupted. The divergent angle of the light can be changed by changing the slope or curvature of the reflective surfaces and the height of the reflectors.
Different modifications of the cross-section of each individual reflector 11, 21, 31 can of course be implemented, particularly between the two noted shapes in FIGS. 5a and 6a to achieve any desired light output.
As shown in FIG. 7a, the shape of each individual reflector may also be that of an oval. With that shape light as shown in FIGS. 7b and 7c are output. As shown in FIG. 7b, by utilizing an individual reflector 11, 21, 31 with an oval shape an isotropic angular intensity distribution of the output light can be realized. Further, FIG. 7c shows the typical angular intensity distribution when utilizing an oval shape individual reflector 11, 21, 31. With such an oval shape the light divergent angles in the two directions perpendicular to the LED axis are different, thereby resulting in an oval shape distribution.
In the embodiments noted above the individual reflector portions 11, 21, 31 are substantially shown as symmetrically shaped with respect to an optical axis of light output by the surrounded LED 1. However, as shown for example in FIG. 8a any of the individual reflector portions 11, 21, 31 can be shaped unsymmetrically, i.e. offset from an axis of light output from each individual LED 1.
Further, when utilizing unsymmetrically shaped LEDs the individual reflectors of a multi-reflector-device do not have to be identical. As an example, each individual reflector could be tilted at an angle, which slightly differs from the angle of tilt of other individual reflectors. FIGS. 8b and 8c provide examples of how such a feature can be utilized to obtain a desired light output. FIG. 8c shows light output from three adjacent LEDs in which each of the adjacent LEDs is non-tilted. Because each LED is non-tilted the light output from each LED will differ, and as can be seen in FIG. 3c three “rings” of output light are realized that are not congruent.
However, if it is desired that the light output from three adjacent LEDs are to be superimposed upon one another, then the three LEDs can be tilted so that the three “rings” of output light could be shifted to overlap and approximate a light output of one more powerful LED, as shown for example in FIG. 8b. Utilizing such a feature can be important in signals and lamps with a secondary optic in the range of the light-sources near field. In that environment, by tilting the reflectors from adjacent LED the light can be concentrated on the secondary optic.
The individual reflectors can be tilted to be unsymmetrical with respect to an axis of the light output of the LED in any desired manner, and FIGS. 8a-8c only show examples of such an operation.
Each of the embodiments noted above shows each high-flux LED 1 surrounded by an individual reflector 11, 21, or 31.
However, a usage may be desired in which only one direction of a light beam needs to be compressed while the other direction may be preferably left unchanged. In that situation a two-dimensional reflector such as shown in FIG. 9a can be utilized. In the two-dimensional reflector shown in FIG. 9a a master reflector 90 includes three individual reflector portions 911, 912, and 913. Each individual reflector portion 911, 912, and 913 surrounds plural LEDs set forth in a linear configuration. As noted above, with such a structure only one direction of the light beam is compressed while the other direction is unchanged.
The typical angular intensity distribution of light output by the embodiment of FIG. 9a is shown in FIG. 9b.
By utilizing the LED reflectors in the present invention light that may otherwise not be utilized can be effectively redirected to increase the performance of LEDs.
The applicants of the present invention have also recognized that it may be beneficial in any of the LED structures noted above to reduce the reflection of impinging light, for example from sunlight impinging on the reflectors and/or the LEDs, i.e. to reduce the sun phantom-effect.
With reference to FIG. 10 in the present specification, a structure for achieving that result is shown.
FIG. 10 shows the structure in which LEDs 1 are mounted on a LED printed circuit board 14, 24, 34, which can correspond to any of the LED printed circuit boards 14, 24, 34 in any of the embodiments noted above, and also with any needed modifications. A master reflector 10, 20, 30 with individual reflector elements 11, 21, 31 is provided around the LEDs 1. As shown in FIG. 10, in such a structure the LED board 14, 24, 34 is mounted onto a structure 105 with heat sink properties. Further, various electronic components 110 for driving the LEDs are also provided. Blank soldering joints/pads 115 are also utilized in such a structure to provide soldering, contact pads, etc.
In such a structure as in FIG. 10 impinging light, for example from sunlight or from other sources, would conventionally be reflected off of the blank soldering joints/pads 115 and electronic devices 110. However, the present invention avoids that result by providing light absorbing members 100 as an extension of the master reflectors 10, 20, 30. The light absorbing members 100 extend above the electronics 110 and the blank soldering joints/pads 115. As a result phantom light can be reduced since impinging light will not be reflected from the blank soldering joints/pads 115 and electronic devices 110, but instead will be absorbed by the light absorbing members 100. Those members 100 can be formed of any non-reflective material.
In the embodiments noted above each individual reflector 11, 21, 31 has sloped walls which can be coated with the reflective material such as aluminum. However, it may be desirable in each individual reflector to provide an antireflection portion to reduce the reflection of incident extraneous light, for example sunlight. Different structures to achieve that result are shown in FIGS. 11a-11c. In each of these figures an anti-reflection area is provided at a portion of the reflector. That portion at which the anti-reflection area is provided may be a portion that is particularly susceptible to incident light, for example to incident sunlight. The position of the anti-reflection area will depend on several factors such as characteristics of secondary optics, critical angle of extraneous light, and viewing area to the observer. To decide where the anti-reflection area is best positioned, how big it is, and what form it has, one can use optical simulation software to arrive at a theoretical solution or one can build a prototype and take a look at where the main reflexes occur as a practical solution.
As shown in the specific embodiment of FIG. 11a a master reflector surrounds the LED 1. In that structure a metallized or reflective area 125 is provided on almost all sides of the LED 1. However an area 12d that is not reflective is also provided. That non-reflective area 120 can take the form of an area having a matte finish as shown in FIG. 11a, can be a dark area 121 as shown in FIG. 11b, or can be an omitted area 122 as shown in FIG. 11c, i.e. an area where there is no metallized area or reflective area. Utilizing any of the matte finished area 120, dark area 121, or omitted area 122 spreads or absorbs incident extraneous light that otherwise would be reflected towards a viewer.
The embodiments noted above show the reflectors 11, 21, 31 as having generally smooth walls. However, the reflectors are not limited to such a structure.
With reference to FIGS. 12a and 12b, the side reflective walls of any of the above-noted reflectors 11, 21, 31 can also include facets 120, FIG. 12a showing a side reflective wall of a reflector and an LED 1 from a side view and FIG. 12b showing the same LED 1 and reflector from a top view. As shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b, the side reflective walls of the reflector have facets 120.
As a further feature of the present invention, the side reflective walls of the reflectors can be utilized to capture a portion of light output from the corresponding surrounded LED to provide a general indication of light being output from the LEDs. Different embodiments of achieving such a result are shown in FIGS. 13a, 13b, and 14a, 14b.
As shown in FIG. 13a, the side reflective walls of the reflector 11, 21, 31 include a specialized reflector zone 130. The specialized reflector zone 130 is positioned to reflect a small portion of light from the LED 1 specifically towards a light sensor 135. As shown in FIGS. 13a and 13b, different individual reflectors 11, 21, 31 include the same specialized reflector zone 130 and all output light to the same sensor 135. With such an operation it becomes possible to measure a defined percentage of luminance intensity of all of the LEDs. As shown in FIGS. 13a and 13b, the specialized reflector zones 130 are only a small portion of the reflectors 11, 21, 31 and thereby only a small amount of optical light is lost from being visible and is provided to the sensor 135. The light sensed at the sensor 135 can be utilized in, for example, an intensity feedback operation.
FIGS. 14
a and 14b show an alternative structure to achieve the same result as shown in FIGS. 13a and 13b. In FIGS. 14a and 14b, the specialized reflector zone takes the shape of a small hole 140 provided in a wall of the reflector 11, 21, 31. A small portion of light from the LED 1 is then passed through the small hole 140 and provided to a sensor 135.
The above-noted structures can be applied to any or all of the reflectors 11, 21, 31, dependent on how precise an indication of output light is desired.
Obviously, numerous additional modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
Patent Application
20050128744
