1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile, which is appropriate to receive a digital terrestrial television broadcast in Japan (471 to 771 MHz), a UHF band analog television broadcast (473 to 767 MHz) or a US digital television broadcast (698 to 806 MHz).
2. Discussion of Background
There has been proposed a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile, which is shown in
The above-mentioned structure enables the prior art system to receive a VHF-High band for an analog television broadcast. However, when the prior art system is applied to receive a digital terrestrial television broadcast in Japan or a US digital television broadcast, heating wires 37 in an upper portion of the defogger mainly have an adverse effect on the antenna conductors, causing the problem of having an insufficient antenna gain.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile, which is capable of solving the above-mentioned problem of the prior art.
The invention provides a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile, comprising a plurality of heating wires and a plurality of bus bars for feeding the heating wires, disposed in or on an automobile rear window glass sheet, the heating wires and the bus bars forming a defogger, the heating wires extending in a horizontal direction, a substantially horizontal direction, a direction along an upper edge of the rear window glass sheet or a direction along a lower edge of the rear window glass sheet; and an antenna conductor disposed in an upper blank region of the rear window glass sheet except for a defogger region;
wherein it is assumed that there is a line, which passes through the center of the antenna conductor or the center of gravity thereof, and which extends parallel to the heating wire at the highest position, is called an imaginary parallel line; and
an island-like conductor containing a linear conductor is disposed at one or more locations in a region of the rear window glass sheet between the imaginary parallel line and the heating wire at the highest position as viewed three-dimensionally.
The present invention also provides a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile, comprising a plurality of heating wires and a plurality of bus bars for feeding the heating wires, disposed in or on an automobile rear window glass sheet, the heating wires and the bus bars forming a defogger, the heating wires extending in a horizontal direction, a substantially horizontal direction, a direction along an upper edge of the rear window glass sheet or a direction along a lower edge of the rear window glass sheet; and an antenna conductor disposed in an upper blank region of the rear window glass sheet except for a defogger region;
wherein an island-like conductor containing a linear conductor is disposed at one or more locations in a blank space without having a bus bar or a heating wire, the blank space being in the defogger region.
The present invention also provides a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile, comprising a plurality of heating wires and a plurality of bus bars for feeding the heating wires, disposed in or on an automobile rear window glass sheet, the heating wires and the bus bars forming a defogger, the heating wires extending in a horizontal direction, a substantially horizontal direction, a direction along an upper edge of the rear window glass sheet or a direction along a lower edge of the rear window glass sheet; a first antenna conductor disposed in a right portion of an upper blank region of the rear window glass sheet except for a defogger region; and a second antenna conductor disposed in a left portion of the upper blank region of the rear window glass sheet except for the defogger region;
wherein when it is assumed that there is a straight line, which extends parallel to a plane parallel to a longitudinal direction of the automobile and the vertical direction, which passes through the center of the first antenna conductor in a left-to-right direction thereof or the center of gravity thereof, and which passes through at least one of the heating wires, this straight line is called a first antenna-side imaginary straight line;
wherein when it is assumed that there is a straight line, which extends parallel to the plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the automobile and the vertical direction, which passes through the center of the second antenna conductor in a left-to-right direction thereof or the center of gravity thereof, and which passes through at least one of the heating wires, this straight line is called a second antenna-side imaginary straight line;
wherein when a heating wire, which starts with a top portion of a first bus bar or a portion of the first bus bar in the vicinity of the top portion, which extends toward the center of the rear window glass sheet in a left-to-right direction thereof, and which reaches and is connected to a top portion of the second bus bar or a portion of a second bus bar in the vicinity of the top portion, is called a highest original heating wire;
the highest original heating wire has at least one branch heating wire branched off thereof on the way to the center of the rear window glass sheet in the left-to-right direction after the highest original heating wire intersects or crosses over or under the first antenna-side imaginary straight line,
after the branch heating wire branches off of the highest original heating wire and extends further, the branch heating wire bends so as to extend parallel or substantially parallel to the highest original heating wire and extend toward the center of the rear glass window sheet in the left-to-right direction, and bends to join and be connected to the highest original heating wire on the way to a location where the highest original heating wire intersects or crosses over or under the second antenna-side imaginary straight line;
wherein the first antenna conductor and the highest original heating wire have one or plural island-like conductors disposed therebetween;
wherein the second antenna conductor and the highest original heating wire have one or plural island-like conductors disposed therebetween;
wherein the highest original heating wire and the heating wire just under the highest original heating wire have one or plural island-like conductors disposed therebetween under the first antenna conductor;
wherein the highest original heating wire and the heating wire just under the highest original heating wire have one or plural island-like conductors disposed therebetween under the second antenna conductor; and
wherein each of the island-like conductors contains a linear conductor.
By adopting the above-mentioned structure in accordance with the present invention, it is possible not only to minimize the adverse effect on an antenna conductor by a heating wire but also to improve the antenna gain on reception of a digital terrestrial television broadcast in Japan or a US digital television broadcast. It is also possible to minimize the possibility that the sight through the rear window glass sheet, in particular, the sight through the defogger region, and the appearance of the defogger region are damaged.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Now, the high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile according to the present invention will be described in detail, based on preferred embodiments which are shown in the accompanying drawings.
In
Reference symbol 10 designates the rear window glass sheet of an automobile, reference symbol 11 designates an imaginary parallel line, reference symbol 12 designates an antenna-side imaginary straight line, reference symbol 13 designates a first imaginary straight line, reference symbol 14 designates a second imaginary straight line, reference symbol 15 designates a short-circuit line (shown in a dotted line), reference symbol 17 designates an antenna conductor for an FM broadcast, reference symbol 17a designates the feed point of the antenna conductor 17 for an FM broadcast, reference symbol 18 designates an antenna conductor for an AM broadcast, reference symbol 18a designates the feed point of the antenna conductor 18 for an AM broadcast, and reference symbol 19 designates a vehicle opening edge for the window. It should be noted that the vehicle opening edge for the window 19 is a peripheral edge of the vehicle opening, which the rear window glass sheet is fitted in, and which serves for vehicle ground, and which is made of a conductive material, such as metal. In
In the present invention, the rear window glass sheet 10 includes the plural heating wires 2, and the plural bus bars of feeding power to the plural heating wires 2, the plural heating wires 2 and the plural bus bars forming a defogger. The plural heating wires 2 extend in a horizontal direction or a substantially horizontal direction of the rear window glass sheet 10, in a direction along an upper edge portion of the rear window glass sheet, or in a direction along a lower edge portion of the rear window glass sheet. The antenna conductors are disposed in an upper blank region of the rear window glass sheet 10 except for the defogger region.
In the embodiment shown in
The present invention will be described, citing the antenna conductor 6 as a representative of the antenna conductors. When it is assumed that the imaginary parallel line comprises a line passing through the center or the center of gravity of the first antenna conductor 6 and extending parallel to the heating wire 2a at the highest position, the island-like conductor 1a is disposed at one or plural locations in an region of the rear window glass sheet 10 between the imaginary parallel line 11 and the heating line 2a at the highest position as viewed three-dimensionally. In the present invention, the island-like conductor means a conductor, which has no connection with an antenna conductor in terms of direct current, which may contain a conductor formed in a loop shape, and which may be formed in any shape. The phrase “as viewed three-dimensionally” means to see from a direction perpendicular to a surface of the rear window glass sheet 10 in a region of the rear window glass sheet 10, where the island-like conductor 1a is disposed.
In the embodiment shown in
In the present invention, the rear window glass sheet 10 includes at least one of the island-like conductor 1a and the island-like conductor 1b. It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that the island-like conductors 1a and 1b be both disposed as shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the present invention, in a case where it is assumed that there is a first straight line, which extends parallel to a plane parallel to a longitudinal direction of the automobile and the vertical direction to the ground, which has contact with a left edge of the first antenna conductor 6, and which passes through at least one of the heating wires, the first straight line corresponds to the first imaginary straight line 13. In a case where it is assumed that there is a second straight line, which extends parallel to the plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the automobile and the vertical direction, which has contact with a right edge of the first antenna conductor 6, and which passes through at least one of the heating wires, the second straight line corresponds to the second imaginary straight line 14.
When the island-like conductor 1b is disposed at a single location, it is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that the island-like conductor 1b is partly or entirely disposed between the first imaginary straight line 13 and the second imaginary straight line 14 as viewed three-dimensionally. When the island-like conductor 1b is disposed at plural locations, it is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that at least one of the island-like conductors 1b is partly or entirely disposed between the first imaginary straight line 13 and the second imaginary straight line 14 as viewed three-dimensionally. The phrase “as viewed three-dimensionally” means to see from a direction perpendicular to a surface of the rear window glass sheet 10 at the center or the center of gravity of the relevant island-like conductor 1b.
In consideration of both aspects of ensuring the sight and improving the antenna gain, it is preferred that the island-like conductor be disposed at each of a location between the heating wire 2a and the heating wire 2b and a location between the heating wire 2b and the heating wire 2c.
In the embodiment shown in
In a case where it is assumed that there is a third straight line, which extends parallel to the plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the automobile and the vertical direction, which passes through the center of the first antenna conductor 6 in a left-to-right direction of the first antenna conductor or the center of gravity thereof, and which passes through at least one of the heating wires, the third imaginary straight line is called a first antenna-side imaginary straight line 12. In a case where it is assumed that there is a fourth straight line, which extends parallel to the plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the automobile and the vertical direction, which passes through the center of the second antenna conductor in a left-to-right direction of the second antenna conductor or the center of gravity thereof, and which passes through at least one of the heating wires, the fourth imaginary straight line is called a second antenna-side imaginary straight line (not shown).
The original heating wire 40 at the highest position is a heating wire, which starts with a top portion of the first bus bar 5a or a portion of the first bus bar in the vicinity of the top portion, which extends toward the center of the rear window glass sheet 10 in the left-to-right direction, and which reaches and is connected to a top portion of the second bus bar (not shown) or a portion of the second bus bar in the vicinity of the top portion. The original heating wire 40 at the highest position has the two branch heating wires 42a and 42b branched off thereof on the way to the center of the rear window glass sheet 10 in the left-to-right direction after the original heating wire 40 at the highest position intersects or crosses over or under the first antenna-side imaginary straight line 12.
After each of the branch heating wires 42a and 42b branches off of the original heating wire 40 at the highest position and extends further, each of the branch heating wires 42a and 42b bends so as to extend parallel or substantially parallel to the original heating wire 40 at the highest position and extend toward the center of the rear glass window sheet 10 in the left-to-right direction, and bends to join and be connected to the original heating wire 40 at the highest position on the way to a location where the original heating wire 40 at the highest position intersects or crosses over or under the second antenna-side imaginary straight line.
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
The original heating wire 41 has the branch heating wire 42c branched off thereof on the way to the center of the rear window glass sheet 10 in the left-to-right direction after the original heating wire 41 intersects or crosses over or under the first antenna-side imaginary straight line 12.
After the branch heating wire 42c branches off of the original heating wire 41 and extend further, the branch heating wire 41 bends so as to extend parallel or substantially parallel to the original heating wire 41, and bends to join and be connected to the original is heating wire 41 on the way to a location where the original heating wire 41 intersects or crosses over or under the second antenna-side imaginary straight line.
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that the island-like conductor 1a outside the defogger region and the linear conductor contained in the island-like conductor 1b in the defogger region be formed in a loop shape. However, the present invention is not limited to this mode, and each of the island-like conductors may be formed in such a semi-loop shape that a discontinuity 21 is formed in a portion of a loop shape (
In the embodiment shown in
However, the present invention is not limited to this mode. The discontinuity 21 may be formed in an upper portion, a right portion or a left portion of the loop shape contained in the island-like conductor 1.
In each of the embodiments shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
When the loop is formed in an oval or substantially oval shape, it is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that the major axis of the oval or substantially oval shape extend parallel or substantially parallel to the heating wire closest to the island-like conductor 1.
The island-like conductor may be configured to have a main portion comprising a straight line or substantially straight line conductor. It is preferred from the viewpoint of securing the sight to adopt such a mode. It is more preferred that the island-like conductor comprise a straight line or substantially straight line conductor. The main portion means a portion of the island-like conductor that occupies 80% or more of the maximum width of the island-like conductor in a longitudinal direction thereof.
In a case where the island-like conductor adopts this mode, when the frequency of a received radio wave has a wavelength of λ0 in air, when glass has a shortening coefficient of wavelength of k, when the formula of k=0.64 is established, when the formula of λg=λ0·k is established; it is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that the island-like conductor have a maximum width of 0.13 λg to 0.44 λg, in particular, 0.26 λg to 0.43 λg in the longitudinal direction thereof.
It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that the island-like conductor have a linear conductor attached thereto so as to extend perpendicular or substantially perpendicular thereto and to have a conductor length of not longer than ⅕ of the maximum width thereof in the longitudinal direction. Examples of this mode include the embodiments shown in
Explanation will be made about a case where the main portion of the island-like conductor comprises a straight line or substantially straight line conductor, and where the island-like conductor is disposed at one or more locations in a region of the rear window glass sheet 10 between the imaginary parallel line 11 and the heating wire 2a at the highest position as viewed three-dimensionally. When the island-like conductor is disposed at a single location, it is preferred that the average distance between the island-like conductor and the relevant antenna conductor be 0.06 λg to 200 mm, in particular, 0.076 λg to 150 mm. When the island-like conductor is disposed at plural locations, it is preferred that the average distance between each of the island-like conductors and the relevant antenna conductor be 0.06 λg to 200 mm, in particular, 0.076 λg to 150 mm. When the average distance is 0.06 λg or above, it is possible to advantageously improve the antenna gain in comparison with a case the average distance is less than 0.06 λg. When the average distance is 200 mm or below, it is possible to advantageously make the glass antenna is smaller in comparison with a case where the average distance is longer than 200 mm.
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that H and W0 exist in a region surrounded by the following curve A1 and the following straight line A2 in a region satisfying the formula of H≧0.032 λg on a plane of coordinates representing H as the horizontal axis and W0 as the vertical axis.
It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that H and W0 exist in a region surrounded by the straight line A2, the following straight line A3 and the following straight line A4 in a region satisfying the formula H<0.032 λg.
It is more preferred that the surrounded region comprise a region surrounded by the following curves B1, B2 and B3.
In a case where it is assumed that as shown in
It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that the antenna conductor 26 and the island-like conductor 1a be disposed on or in the rear window glass sheet 10 so that the shortest distance between the antenna-side imaginary straight line 12 and the island-like-conductor-side imaginary straight line 16 is 0.1 λg or above as viewed three-dimensionally.
From the viewpoint that the formulas of W0=0.258 λg (80 mm), H=0.029 λg (9 mm) to 0.116 λg (36 mm) and L11 (the shortest distance between the antenna conductor and the island-like conductor 1a in the extending direction of the antenna-side imaginary straight line 12)=0.029 λg (9 mm) are established in
From the viewpoint that the value of W0 is fixed at 0.258 λg (80 mm), it is difficult to cope with a change in W0 by discussing, based on the shortest distance between the antenna-side imaginary straight line 12 and the island-like-conductor-side imaginary straight line 16, the relative position of the island-like conductor 1a to the antenna conductor, which is capable of enjoying the effect of the island-like conductor 1a.
When consideration is taken based on
It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that λ0 and λg be set at the wavelength of the center frequency of a desired broadcast frequency band in the air. When it is desired to well receive the entire range of the digital terrestrial television broadcast band in Japan (471 to 771 MHz), it is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that λ0 and λg be 483.1 mm and 309.2 mm, respectively, so as to correspond to a wavelength of 621 MHz, which is the center frequency of the digital terrestrial television broadcast band in Japan.
When it is desired to well receive the current digital broadcast frequency band (471 to 600 MHz) in the digital terrestrial television broadcast band in Japan, λ0 and λg are 560 mm and 358.5 mm, respectively, so as to correspond to a wavelength of 535.5 MHz, which is the center frequency of the center frequency of this current broadcast frequency band.
When it is desired to well receive the main broadcast band (471 to 710 MHz) in the digital terrestrial television broadcast band in Japan, it is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the antenna gain that λ0 and λg are 508 mm and 325 mm, respectively, so as to correspond to a wavelength of 590.5 MHz, which is the center frequency of this main broadcast band.
From the viewpoint of obtaining the antifogging effect and ensuring the sight, the distance between adjacent heating wires 2 is preferably 10 to 40 mm, more preferably 22 to 34 mm and most preferably 25 to 32 mm. It is preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining the antifogging effect uniformly that the distance between adjacent heating wires, which are disposed in or on the rear window glass sheet, be equal or substantially equal.
In the present invention, it is preferred that the first antenna conductor 6 and the second antenna conductor 7 be used for a digital terrestrial television broadcast in Japan, a US digital television broadcast, a Chinese digital television broadcast or a European digital television broadcast.
When a digital terrestrial television broadcast in Japan is received, it is preferred that the radio wave received by each of the first antenna conductor 6 and the second antenna conductor 7 contain a frequency ranging from 471 to 771 MHz.
When the current broadcast frequency band (471 to 600 MHz) in the digital terrestrial television broadcast in Japan is received, it is preferred that the radio wave received by each of the first antenna conductor 6 and the second antenna conductor 7 contain a frequency ranging from 471 to 600 MHz.
When a US digital television broadcast is received, it is preferred that a received radio wave contain a frequency ranging from 698 to 806 MHz.
In the embodiment shown in
It is preferred from the viewpoint of improving the F/B ratio that the rear window glass sheet 10 be inclined at an angle of 18 to 36°, in particular 20 to 33°, with respect to the horizontal direction.
In the present invention, each of the island-like conductors, the bus bars, the heating wires, the short-circuit wire, the antenna conductors and the feed points is normally formed by printing paste containing conductive metal, such as silver paste, on the car-interior-side surface of the rear window glass sheet 10 and baking the printed paste. However, the present invention is not limited to this forming method. A linear member or foil member, which comprises a conductive substance, such as copper, may be formed on the car-interior-side surface or the car-exterior-side surface of the rear window glass sheet 10, or is disposed in the rear window glass sheet 10.
In the embodiment shown in
In the present invention, it is preferred that diversity reception be performed between the first antenna conductor 6 and the second antenna conductor 7. The reason is that the antenna performance is brought close to a non-directional property. There is no limitation to the number of antenna conductors disposed on the automobile in addition to the first antenna conductor 6 and the second antenna conductor 7. Diversity reception may be performed between a combination of the first antenna conductor 6 and the second antenna conductor 7 in the present invention, and another antenna, such as a pole antenna, and/or another glass antenna.
Although the present invention will be described in reference to Examples, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these Examples, and that various variations or modifications are included in the present invention as long as the variations and modifications do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Now, the Examples will be described in detail, referring to the accompanying drawings.
Since characteristics associated with the antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves are calculated in Example 1, Example 2, Example 4 and Example 5 described below, common specifications will be explained first. Calculation is made according to the moment method. The antenna gains are calculated based on antenna gain average values (every 1°) within −90° to +90° in the horizontal direction (automobile backside) when the center of a rear portion of the automobile is set at 0 (zero)°, the left direction of the automobile is set at +90° and the center of a front portion of the automobile is set at +180°.
Calculation is made with the dimensions of the vehicle opening edge for a window 19 being contained as a computational element and with the dimensions of the rear window glass sheet 10 being not contained as a computational element. It is assumed that the rear window glass sheet 10 is inclined at an angle of 22° with respect to the horizontal direction. It is also assumed that the heating wires 2 are found so as to be symmetrical about the center in the left-to-right direction thereof as the symmetrical axis.
It is also assumed that both of the bus bars 5a and 5b are isolated from a DC power source (not shown) in terms of direct current. It is also assumed that the short-circuit line 15 is disposed in or on the rear window glass sheet 10.
In Example 1, Example 2, Example 4 and Example 5, the antenna gains are calculated at every 30 MHz in a frequency band of 471 to 771 MHz. In the characteristic graphs in Example 1, Example 2, Example 4 and Example 5, the antenna gains are represented by average values at every 30 MHz. In these characteristic graphs, respective values of λg, which are standardized with λg, are λg (309.2 mm), which corresponds to the center frequency (621 MHz) of 471 to 771 MHz.
In each sample, a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile as shown in
In each sample, it is assumed that the high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile (
Calculations are made for antenna gains, which are obtained when the island-like conductor 1a is moved parallel to a lower element of the antenna conductor 26 and from side to side. Respective numerical values, which are obtained by the calculations, are listed below.
It should be noted that LX is the distance between the center of the antenna conductor 26 in the left-to-right direction and the island-like-conductor-side imaginary straight line 16. The lower element of the antenna conductor 26 is axisymmetrical about the center of the rear window glass sheet in the left-to-right direction as the boundary.
Depiction of
The relationship between W0 and H is shown in the plane of coordinates of
In each sample, the high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile, which is shown in
The antenna gains are represented by antenna gain average values (every 1°) within −90° to +90° in the horizontal direction (automobile backside) when the center of a rear portion of the automobile is set at 0 (zero)°, the left direction of the automobile is set at +90° and the center of a front portion of the automobile is set at +180°. The measurements were made at frequencies of 471 to 771 MHz (every 10 MHz) to find a characteristic of frequency-antenna gain with respect to horizontally polarized waves.
The rear window glass sheet 10 was inclined at an angle of 210 with respect to the horizontal direction. The antenna conductor for an AM broadcast 18 was short-circuited by a grounding conductor at the center of the rear window glass sheet 10 in the left-to-right direction, the grounding conductor extending vertically. The dimensions of the respective parts are listed below.
As shown in
In each sample, it is assumed that a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile as shown in
It is assumed that the island-like conductor is not disposed at each of the positions 51, 53 and 55, the positions 61 to 68, and the positions 71 to 82, and that a single straight line island-like conductor is disposed in the vicinity of the position 52 and 54. In other words, it is assumed that a single straight line island-like conductor is disposed between the antenna conductor 6 and the heating wire 2a at the highest position.
Average antenna gains were calculated on the conditions that the distance between the antenna-side imaginary straight line 12 (not shown in
The dimensions of the respective parts are listed below. The dimensions that are not listed below, and the dimensions and position of the feed point 6a are the same as ones in Example 1.
Calculations similar to Example 4 were made for samples, which had the respective parts formed in the same dimensions as the ones of Example 4 except that the conductor length of the island-like conductor was fixed at 0.388 λg (120 mm). The average antenna gains were calculated, changing the distance between the antenna conductor 6 and the island-like conductor from 8 to 56 mm as in Example 4.
In each sample, it is assumed that a high frequency wave glass antenna for an automobile as shown in
It is assumed that a total of six straight line island-like conductors are disposed in the respective positions 61, 62, 66, 67, 71 and 72 without the island-like conductor being disposed at each of the positions 51 to 55, the positions 63 to 65 and 68, and the positions 73 to 82. It is assumed that each of the island-like conductors is disposed at an intermediate position between the two adjacent heating wires thereabove and thereunder. The antenna gains are represented by calculating average values for the respective frequencies as stated above. The dimensions of the respective parts are listed below. The shape and the dimensions of the antenna conductor are the same as the ones in Example 4. The dimensions that were not listed below, and the dimensions and the positions of the feed point 6a are the same as those in Example 1. When these six island-like conductors are disposed, the average antenna gains are improved by 0.8 dB in comparison with a case without the island-like conductors.
The present invention is applicable to a glass antenna for an automobile, which receives a digital terrestrial television broadcast, an analog television broadcast in Japan and a US digital television broadcast in the UHF band, an EU digital television broadcast or a Chinese digital television broadcast. The present invention is also applicable to the Japanese FM broadcast band (76 to 90 MHz), the US FM broadcast band (88 to 108 MHz), the television VHF band (90 to 108 MHz and 170 to 222 MHz), the 800 MHz band for automobile telephones (810 to 960 MHz), the 1.5 GHz band for automobile telephones (1.429 to 1.501 GHz), the UHF band (300 MHz to 3 GHz), the GPS (Global Positioning System), the GPS signal for artificial satellites (1,575.42 MHz) and the VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System: 2.5 GHz).
Further, the present invention is applicable to the ETC communication (Electronic Toll Collection System: non-stop automatic fare collection system, transmit frequency of roadside wireless equipment: 5.795 GHz or 5.805 GHz, reception frequency of roadside wireless equipment: 5.835 GHz or 5.845 GHz), the DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication in the 915 MHz band, the 5.8 GHz band and the 60 GHz band), communication using a microwave (1 GHz to 3 THz), communication using millimeter wave (30 to 300 GHz), communication for the automobile keyless entry system (300 to 450 MHz), and communication for the SDARS (Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (2.34 GHz and 2.6 GHz)).
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-142845 filed on May 23, 2006 including specification, claims, drawings and summary is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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