HIGH-IMPACT STRUCTURAL BARRIER

Abstract

A high-impact structural barrier is provided. The barrier comprises a plurality of sections and is configured to be removably coupled to a ground surface. Each section generally includes two frame members, a ground frame extending between the two frame members that is configured to be supported by a ground surface, and a mesh extending between the two frame members. The means to secure the barrier to the ground include cables that are removably coupled to the ground, ground anchors that are removably coupled to the ground, and/or anchor weights that are removably coupled to the framework and/or the ground.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure generally relates to high-impact structural barriers. Specifically, this disclosure generally relates to high-impact structural barriers for rockfall or other debris events that are portable and/or relocatable.

BACKGROUND

External forces, such as climate, geological, mining operations, can cause rockfall events where fragments of rocks or other debris are dislodged and slide or fall down a cliff face or mining rooves or walls. This dislodged debris can cause injury or death to people in the area, property damage, and/or work or traffic disruptions.

Conventional methods of mitigating the risk of rockfall events can include active mitigation in the initiation zone (i.e., preventing the rockfall even from occurring), such as rock bolting, slope retention systems, and/or changing the geographic or climatic characteristics in the initiation zone. However, if the mitigation technique in the initiation zone fails, the debris can slide or fall into the deposition or run-out zone, causing injury, property damage, or other disruptions.

Other conventional techniques include providing a barrier in the deposition or run-out zone to passively mitigate the effects of the rockfall event. Passive mitigation techniques include drape nets, rockfall fences, or embankments. For example, rockfall fences can be static barriers that include static posts, cables, and an interception net that are placed in the run-out zone to retaining any falling rockfall debris. Other rockfall fences include flexible barriers that include cables connected to the interception net that provide some flexibility to the net but have brakes that are activated when the force in the cables reaches a predetermined value. However, in order to provide enough strength to block the falling debris, these static and flexible barriers are permanently installed.

In view of the above, there is a need for more cost effective and efficient devices that would be able to overcome or at least minimize some of the above-discussed prior art concerns.

SUMMARY

According to one broad aspect, there is provided a high-impact structural barrier framework, the framework comprising: at least two frame members each comprising; a crossbar configured to be supported by a ground surface; and a post couplable to a first end of the crossbar and extending substantially perpendicular to the crossbar; and at least one ground frame having a front side, a back side, a first side, and a second side, the first side being configured to couple to the crossbar of a first one of the at least two frame members and the second end being configured to couple to the crossbar of a second one of the at least two frame members such that the ground frame extends between and operatively couples the first one and the second one of the at least two frame members; wherein the framework is configured to be removably coupled to the ground surface.

According to another broad aspect, there is provided a high-impact structural barrier comprising: a framework as defined herein; ground engaging means configured to removably couple the framework to the ground surface; and a mesh configured to extend between the at least two frame members.

According to another broad aspect, there is provided a high-impact structural barrier framework, the framework comprising: a plurality of frame members each comprising; a crossbar configured to be supported by a ground surface; and a post couplable to a back side of the crossbar and extending substantially perpendicular to the crossbar; and a plurality of ground frames each comprising: a front support configured to couple to a front side of the crossbar; a back support configured to couple to the back side of the crossbar or a bottom side of the post; and at least one support crosspieces extending between the front support and the back support; wherein each of the plurality of ground frames are configured to couple to and extend between a first one and a second one of the plurality of frame members; and wherein the framework is configured to be removably coupled to the ground surface.

In some embodiments, the high-impact structural barrier framework further comprises a plurality of ground engaging means configured to removably couple the framework to the ground surface.

In some embodiments, the ground engaging means are ground-engaging anchors configured to be coupled to the ground surface and at least one of: the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

In some embodiments, the ground-engaging anchors comprise: front ground-engaging anchors configured to removably couple to a front side of the crossbar, the front support, and/or a front side of the support crosspieces; and back ground-engaging anchors configured to removably couple to a back side of the crossbar, the post, the back support, and/or a back side of the support crosspieces.

In some embodiments, the front ground-engaging anchors have a higher maximum tension service load than the back ground-engaging anchors.

In some embodiments, the back ground-engaging anchors have a higher maximum compression service load than the front ground-engaging anchors.

In some embodiments, the ground engaging means are weighted anchors configured to be coupled to at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

In some embodiments, the ground engaging means are weighted anchors configured to engage with at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

In some embodiments, the weighted anchors are positioned on a top surface of the at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

In some embodiments, the weighted anchors are embedded or entrenched in the ground surface.

In some embodiments, the at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members are removably coupled to the weighted anchors.

In some embodiments, the weighted anchors are configured to provide a fallout energy of at least 70 kJ.

In some embodiments, the plurality of frame members further comprise a back brace couplable to the front side of the crossbar and the post, the brace being configured to support the post.

In some embodiments, the high-impact structural barrier framework further comprises a side brace couplable to a first side and/or a second side of the post and to a respective one of plurality of ground frames.

In some embodiments, the crossbar is configured to be recessed into the ground surface.

In some embodiments, the plurality of frame members and/or the plurality of ground frames comprise hollow structural sections.

In some embodiments, the hollow structural sections are filled with a heavy material to removably couple the framework to the ground surface.

According to another broad aspect, there is provided a high-impact structural barrier comprising: a framework comprising: at least two frame members each comprising a crossbar configured to be supported by a ground surface and a post couplable to the crossbar; and at least one ground frame configured to couple between two corresponding ones of the at least two frame members and to be supported by the ground surface; ground engaging means configured to removably couple the framework to the ground surface; and a mesh configured to extend between the at least two frame members; wherein the framework is removably coupled to the ground surface and can sustain an energy fallout of at least 900 kJ.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the invention may be readily understood, embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1A is a front view of a structural barrier according to one embodiment having a framework and a mesh;

FIG. 1B is a perspective front view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2A is a top view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 1A with anchor weights operatively coupled to the framework in accordance with one arrangement;

FIG. 2B is a top view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 1A with anchor weights operatively coupled to the framework in accordance with another arrangement;

FIG. 2C is a side schematic view of a frame member according to another embodiment during a rockfall impact event;

FIG. 3A is a perspective front view of a framework according to another embodiment;

FIG. 3B is a top view of the framework shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C is a front view of the framework shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A is a perspective front view of a frame member in the framework shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4B is a side view of the frame member shown in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C is a perspective front view of a frame member in the framework shown in FIG. 1A

FIG. 4D is a side view of the frame member shown in FIG. 4C;

FIG. 5A is a side view of a ground frame in the framework shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 5B is a perspective front view of the ground frame shown in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C is a top view of the ground frame shown in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5D is a side view of a ground frame in the framework shown in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 5E is a perspective front view of the ground frame shown in FIG. 5D;

FIG. 5F is a top view of the ground frame shown in FIG. 5D;

FIG. 6A is a perspective front view of a side brace according to one embodiment;

FIG. 6B is a front view of the side brace shown in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 6C is a perspective front view of a center gusset plate according to one embodiment;

FIG. 7A is a top view of a structural barrier according to another embodiment;

FIG. 7B is a front view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 7A;

FIG. 7C is an enlarged view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 7B taken at line A-A;

FIG. 7D is a first side cross sectional view of the frame member shown in FIG. 7C; and

FIG. 7E is a second side cross sectional view of the frame member shown in FIG. 7B taken at line B-B;

FIG. 8A is a top view of a structural barrier according to another embodiment;

FIG. 8B is a front view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 8A;

FIG. 8C is an enlarged view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 8B taken at line A-A;

FIG. 8D is a first side cross sectional view of the frame member shown in FIG. 8C; and

FIG. 8E is a second side cross sectional view of the frame member shown in FIG. 8B taken at line B-B;

FIG. 9A is a top view of a structural barrier according to another embodiment;

FIG. 9B is a front view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 9A;

FIG. 9C is an enlarged view of the structural barrier shown in FIG. 9B taken at line A-A;

FIG. 9D is a first side cross sectional view of the frame member shown in FIG. 9C; and

FIG. 9E is a second side cross sectional view of the frame member shown in FIG. 9B taken at line B-B;

FIG. 10 is a side view of a frame member according to another embodiment with an anchor weight operatively coupled to the frame member;

FIGS. 11A and 11B are a front view of a structural barrier according to another embodiment having six barrier sections and two fencing sections; and

FIGS. 11C and 11D are a top view of the structural barrier shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to one broad aspect, there is provided a high-impact structural barrier that is configured to be removably coupled to a ground surface, such that the high-impact structural barrier can easily be displaced and used in a second location. The high-impact structural barrier comprises a framework that can include a plurality of sections to extend the length of the barrier. In some embodiments, a section includes two frame members, a ground frame extending between the two frame members that is configured to be supported by a ground surface, and a mesh extending between the two frame members. To removably secure the framework to the ground surface, ground engaging means can be used. The ground engaging means can be cables that are removably coupled to the ground, ground anchors that are removably coupled to the ground, and/or anchor weights that are removably coupled to the framework and/or the ground. In some embodiments, the high-impact structural barrier can withstand up to 2000 kJ of fallout energy caused by debris.

In some embodiments, the framework provides structural support for cables that define a section and a mesh system is suspended from the cables on the framework. The mesh absorbs the majority of the fallout energy generated by a rockfall event and is thus largely responsible for mitigating the impact of a rockfall event. However, the combined fallout energy capacity of the framework and mesh system (i.e., of the structural barrier) to attenuate energy includes the energy absorbed by the mesh via deformation of the mesh, the energy absorbed by the framework, and the energy absorbed by anchor weights used to stabilize the structural barrier.

Referring now to FIGS. 1A to 2B, a structural barrier 100 according to one embodiment is shown. The structural barrier 100 includes a framework 101 having a first end frame member 110a, a second end frame member 110b, a center frame member 110c, and two ground frame 120′ extending between the first or second end frame members 110a, 110b and the center frame member 110c. In the exemplary embodiment, the framework 101 further includes side braces 130 configured to support the first end, second end, and center frame members 110a, 110b, 110c.

The structural barrier 100 further includes a mesh 140 extending between the first end frame member 110a and the center frame member 110c and a mesh 140 extending between the second end frame member 110b and the center frame member 110c.

In some embodiments, the structural barrier 100 includes ground engaging means configured to interact or engage with the ground surface and/or the framework 101 to secure the structural barrier 100 to the ground surface. In some embodiments, the ground engaging means includes cables 102_1-3 that can extend from an upper end of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c to the ground, such as cables 102_1,2 and/or from a lower end of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c to the ground, such as cables 102₃. In some embodiments, a cable 102₂ extending from the upper end of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c and a cable 102₃ extending from the lower end of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c can be coupled or secured to the ground at the same location. In the exemplary embodiment, cable 102₁ is coupled to the ground on a first side of the framework 101, extends through a cable flange on the first end frame member 110a and is woven through the rings of a top end of the mesh 140. The cable 102₁ can extend through the cable flanges on the center frame member 110c and/or the frame member 110b and be secured to the ground on the second side of the framework 101. Similarly, the cable 102₃ is coupled to the ground and is woven through the cable flanges on the first end frame member 110a, the center frame member 110c, and the second end frame member 110b as well as through the mesh 140 and is secured to the ground on the second side of the framework 101.

In some embodiments, the ground engaging means can include ground-engaging anchors 104 configured to couple one or more of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c and/or the ground frame 120′ to the ground surface. In some embodiments, the ground-engaging anchor 104 can include any anchor that is retained within the ground, such auger-style anchors, helix anchors, bust-expanding anchors, manta ray utility anchors, rock anchors, power hub screw anchors, etc.

The ground-engaging anchors 104 are configured to have a service load that can withstand the energy impact up to a specific service load. In some embodiments, the service load can be a maximum of 2000 kJ (i.e., the ground-engaging anchors 104 are configured to remain in the ground after a debris impact with the structural barrier 100 of up to 2000 kJ). In some embodiments, the ground-engaging anchors 104 are configured to have a maximum compression load of about 200 kN, a maximum tension load of about 200 kN, and a maximum shear load of about 150 kN. However, it is contemplated that ground-engaging anchors with higher compression, tension, and shear loads can be used, for example to increase the total fall out energy capacity of the structural barrier 100.

In some embodiments, as best shown in FIG. 2A, the ground-engaging anchors 104 can be on the front side and/or the back side of the framework 101. In some embodiments, the front anchors 104a on the front side have a different service load than back anchors 104b on the back side. In some embodiments, the front anchors 104a have a higher maximum tension service load than the back anchors 104b and/or the back anchors 104b have a higher maximum compression service load than the front anchors 104a. In the exemplary embodiment, the front anchors 104a have a maximum compression load of 60 kN, a maximum tension load of 146 kN, and a maximum shear load of about 97 kN and the back anchors 104b have a maximum compression load of about 147 kN, a maximum tension load of about 100 kN, and a maximum shear load of about 87 kN.

For greater clarity, references to the “front” side refer to the debris receiving or impacting side based on the direction of debris D_D (a trailing side of the direction of debris D_D) and references to the “back” side refer to the side that receives the debris (i.e., the side on which the mesh 140 is secured). As is best shown in FIG. 2C, when debris impacts the mesh 140, the force of the debris is absorbed by the mesh 140 (and potentially the framework 101 dependent on where the debris impacts the structural barrier 100), which exerts a force on the framework 101 in the direction of debris D_D. The force on the framework 101 results in the front anchors 104a bearing a tension load (L_T) and the back anchors 104b bearing a compression load (L_C). As such, the services load on the front anchors 104a and the back anchors 104b can be optimized to provide the appropriate service load given the tension load (L_T) and compression load (L_C) parameters.

In some embodiments, as best shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the ground engaging means can include anchor weights 106 that are configured rest on the ground surface and/or the framework 101 to secure the framework 101 to the ground surface. When the debris, such as a rock, hits the mesh 140 or framework 101 of the structural barrier 100, the anchor weights 106 provide weight to the front side and/or the back side of the framework 101 to prevent movement of the framework 101 or to reduce the distance the framework 101 moves upon impact.

In some embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 2A, the anchor weights 106 are position on a front side and on a back side of the framework 101. The anchor weights 106 can be positioned evenly or variably along the length of the ground framework. In the exemplary embodiment, the anchor weights 106 are positioned on a front side and a back side of each of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c. The anchor weights 106 can rest upon the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c and/or the ground members 120′ or be positioned within the ground frame 120′ and/or on an outer side of the framework 101. In the exemplary embodiment, the anchor weights 106 are positioned on the front side of the framework on top of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c (such as on the anchor flange) and the ground frame 120′ (such as on the front support). For example, the anchor weights 106 can be coupled to a back brace of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c, or arranged or coupled around the back brace (or other portion of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c). In some embodiments, the anchor weights 106 can include an aperture configured to receive the back brace or other portion of the framework 101, such that the anchor weights 106 can include two portions configured to be arranged or coupled around the back brace or other portion of the framework 101. In other embodiments, the anchor weights 106 can include a recess configured to receive the back brace or other portion of the framework 101, such that the anchor weights 106 can be simultaneously coupled to the ground frame 120′ on either side of the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c and to the frame members 110a, 110b, 110c.

It is contemplated that any number of the ground engaging means can be used in any combination. For example, in the exemplary embodiment, the barrier structure 100 includes cables 102, ground-engaging anchors 104, and anchor weights 106. However, it is contemplated that only ground-engaging anchors 104 or only anchor weights 106 could be used to secure the framework 101 to the ground. In some embodiments, only cables 102 could be used to secure the framework 101 to the ground, such as when the wall has a relatively small width; however, consideration should be given to the impact force or fallout energy that the structural barrier 100 is intended to withstand (i.e., what is the fallout energy of the environmental debris that the structural barrier is being used for). In some embodiments, one or more of the pieces of the framework 101 (i.e., part of the frame members 110, the ground frame 120′, and/or the side braces 130) can include weights or be composed of heavy material so as to act as an anchor weight.

Other arrangements of the anchor weights 106 are also contemplated. For example, as shown best in FIG. 2B, the anchor weights 106 can be coupled to or rest upon the ground frame 120′, such as the front support or the support crosspieces. In the exemplary embodiment, the anchor weights 106 are be coupled to or rest upon the support crosspieces of the ground frame 120′. While the anchor weights 106 can be coupled to a back side of the ground frame 120′, consideration to the placement of the mesh 140 should be given when determining placement of the anchor weights. In some embodiments, such as when a bottom portion of the framework 101 is embedded, entrenched, or buried in the ground, the anchor weights 106 can be placed on the front side of the ground frame 120′ underneath the mesh 140. In some embodiments, the anchor weights 106 can be positioned in front of the mesh 140 within the ground frame 120′, for example on top of the support crosspieces of the ground frame 120′.

Referring now to FIGS. 3A to 3C, a structural barrier framework 101 according to one embodiment is shown. The framework 101 includes the first end frame member 110a, the second end frame member 110b, the center frame member 110c, and two ground frames 120 extending between the first or second end frame members 110a, 110b and the center frame member 110c. Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment, the structural barrier framework 101 includes two adjacent sections, which share a center frame member 110c.

In some embodiments, the framework 101 further includes a support couplable to one of the first, second, and center frame members 110a, 110b, 110c and to the ground frame 120. In the exemplary embodiment, the framework 101 includes a side brace 130a coupled to the first end frame member 110a and to the ground frame 120 extending between the first end frame member 110a and the center frame member 110c and a side brace 130b coupled to the second end frame member 110b and to the ground frame 120 extending between the second end frame member 110b and the center frame member 110c. The framework 101 further includes center braces 130c on both sides of the center frame member 110c that are each coupled to a respective ground frame 120. The framework 101 is configured to be supported by and interact with a ground surface via ground engaging means, such that when the structural barrier is impacted with debris, such as rockfall, the framework 101 remains in place or is only displaced by a relatively small distance.

Referring now to FIGS. 4A to 4B, a frame member 110 according to one embodiment is shown. The frame member 110 includes a crossbar 112 having a first end 112a and a second end 112b and a post 114 having a lower end 114a and an upper end 114b. The lower end 114a of the post 114 can be coupled to the first end 112a of the crossbar 112. In the exemplary embodiment, the post 114 is coupled to the crossbar 112 at an angle θ₁ of about 90° (i.e., substantially perpendicular to the crossbar 112). The post 114 thus extends vertically and defines the height of the structural barrier. However, it is contemplated that the post 114 can extend vertically from the crossbar 112 at an angle θ₁, such as, without limitation, at angle θ₁ of between 60° and 110°. For example, the angle θ₁ between the crossbar 112 and the post 114 can be varied depending on the environment the framework 101 is being deployed in. When the angle θ₁ is greater than 90°, consideration should be given to the additional vertical force that the framework 101 will be subjected to (i.e., from debris impacting the mesh 140 in a downward or downward angle direction and exerting additional force on the framework 101). In some embodiments, the framework 101 can include additional reinforcements to account for the vertical force. When the angle θ₁ is less than 90°, consideration should be given to debris catchment area, as the area covered by the mesh 140 decreases as the angle θ₁ below 90°.

In some embodiments, the frame member 110 further includes a back brace 116 that is couplable to the second end 112b of the crossbar 112 and to the post 114 to provide support for the post 114. In the exemplary embodiment, the back brace 116 is coupled to a middle section of the post 114 that is closer to the second end 114b than the first end 114a. However, it is contemplated that that the back brace 116 can be coupled to the post 114 along any portion of the length of the post 114, including at the upper end 114b.

In some embodiments, when in use, the crossbar 112 can be supported by the ground surface. The first end 112a of the crossbar 112 can be coupled to the lower end 114a of the post 114 with any known coupling means, such as welding, or the crossbar 112 and the post 114 can be an integral piece. In the exemplary embodiment, the first end 112a of the crossbar 112 is coupled to the lower end 114a of the post 114 with a first gusset plate 118a.

Similarly, the back brace 116 can be formed as an integral piece with the crossbar 112 and/or the post 114 or can be coupled thereto with any known coupling means. In the exemplary embodiment, the back brace 116 is coupled to the second end 112b of the crossbar 112 with a second gusset plate 118b and to the upper end 114b of the post 114 with a third gusset plate 118c.

In some embodiments, the first, second, and/or third gusset plates 118a, 118b, 118c are comprised of a metal material with sufficient strength to join the adjacent pieces together. In the exemplary embodiment, the first, second, and third gusset plates 118a, 118b, 118c are comprised of a 1.6 cm (0.625 inches) thick steel plate.

In some embodiments, the back brace 116 is coupled to the crossbar 112 at an angle θ₂ of between about 25° and about 80°, or in some embodiments, between about 45° and 60°. In the exemplary embodiment, the angle θ₂ between the crossbar 112 and the back brace 116 is about 52°. As is understood by the skilled person, the angle θ₂ between the crossbar 112 and the back brace 116 can be varied depending on lengths of each of the crossbar 112 and the post 114 and the placement of the coupling between the crossbar 112 and the back brace 116 and/or the coupling between the post 114 and the back brace 116. For example, in some embodiments, the back brace 116 can be coupled to a middle section of the crossbar 112, such that the second end 112b of the crossbar 112 extends past the back brace 116, resulting in a larger angle θ₂ between the crossbar 112 and the back brace 116.

In some embodiments, the frame member 110 further includes an anchor flange 117 with an aperture that is configured to receive a ground engaging means. In the exemplary embodiment, the frame member 110 includes a single anchor flange 117 on a front side or second end 112b of the crossbar 112. In some embodiments, the anchor flange 117 includes a substantially planar coupling surface 117a that is aligned with or extending from a top side of the second end 112b of the crossbar 112 or from a gusset plate coupled to the crossbar 112. The anchor flange 117 can further include one or more stiffener plates 117b, each on a side of the coupling surface 117a. In some embodiments, the stiffener plates 117b can be coupled directly to the crossbar 112 to strengthen the connection between the anchor flange 117 and the crossbar 112.

In some embodiments, when installed, the crossbar 112 can be slightly recessed into the ground surface, such that a bottom side of the coupling surface 117a is even or flush with the ground surface (or in some instances, below the ground surface). It is contemplated that the anchor flange 117 can be formed of any suitable material, such as metal, that can withstand the shear force and tension force applied when the framework 101 is impacted by debris. In the exemplary embodiment, the coupling surface 117a of the anchor flange 117 is formed from a steel plate that is about 20×20×1.6 cm (8×8×0.625 inches).

In some embodiments, the frame member 110 further includes one or more cable flanges 119 on a back side of the post 114 that are configured to receive a portion of the cable or mesh that extends between two adjacent frame members 110. The cable flange 119 includes one or more apertures configured to receive the cable or mesh. In the exemplary embodiment, the frame member 110 includes a cable flange at the lower end 114a and the upper end 114b of the post 114. However, it is contemplated that the frame member 110 can include a plurality of cable flanges 119 extending along the length of the post 114.

The cable flange 119 can extend from the back side of the post 114 at a distance D₁ of between about 2.5 cm (1 inch) to about 10 cm (4 inches). In the exemplary embodiment, the distance D₁ between a terminal end of the cable flanges 119 and the post 114 is about 6.35 mm (2.5 inches). It is contemplated that the cable flange 119 can be formed of any suitable material, such as metal, that can withstand the shear force and tension force applied when the cable or mesh is impacted by debris. In the exemplary embodiment, the cable flange 119 is formed from a steel plate that is about 15×6.4×1.6 cm (6×2.5×0.625 inches).

In some embodiments, the crossbar 112 can have a length L₁ of between about 0.5 m and about 4 m, or in some instances, between about 1 m and about 3 m. In the exemplary embodiment, the length L₁ is about 2 m. In some embodiments, the post 114 can have a height H₁ of between about 1 m and about 5 m, or in some instances, between about 2.5 m and about 4 m. In the exemplary embodiment, the height H₁ is about 3.5 m. In some embodiments, the length L₁ of the crossbar 112 is relative to the height H₁ of the post 114, such that the crossbar 112 provides enough support for the height of the framework 101. In some embodiments, the ratio of the height H₁ of the crossbar 112 to the length L₁ of the post 114 is between about 0.40 (1:2.5) and about 1 (i.e., the length L₁ of the crossbar 112 is equal to the height H₁ of the post 114). In the exemplary embodiment, the ratio of height H₁ to length L₁ is about 0.57 (2:3.5).

In some embodiments, one or more of the crossbar 112, the post 114, and the back brace 116 can be comprised of a material with sufficient strength and dimension to withstand an indirect impact with debris, such as a rock or boulder. In some embodiments, the material can be metal, such as steel, or a carbon fiber composite. In some embodiments, one or more of the crossbar 112, the post 114, and the back brace 116 can be formed of a hollow material with an outer shell having any strength and dimension that can withstand an indirect impact with debris. In the exemplary embodiment, the crossbar 112, the post 114, and the back brace 116 are formed from hollow structural sections (HSS) made of steel having a dimension of about 20×20×1 cm (8×8×0.375 inches). In some embodiments, the HSS is filled with a heavy material, such as sand, rocks, or other dense material, to removably couple the framework 101 to the ground surface (in other words, the HSS filled with a heavy material to act, at least in part, as a weighted anchor or ground-engaging means).

It is contemplated that the frame member 110 can have a strength that is expected to fail upon a direct impact with debris. In the event of a direct impact with a frame member 110, the remaining portions of the framework 101 restrain the cable or mesh as it deforms and moves to slow the debris over a distance. For example, upon the cable or mesh or a frame member 110 having a direct impact with debris, the debris can move over a distance of up to 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, or more.

The factor of safety for the frame member 110 in a framework 101 during an impact with debris to the cables or mesh is 1.0. The factor of safety increases as the stopping distance increases to more than 3 m.

Referring now to FIGS. 4C and 4D, a frame member 110′ according to another embodiment is shown. The frame member 110′ is substantially similar to the frame member 110 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, except in the placement, configuration, and shape of the anchor and cable flanges. The frame member 110′ includes a crossbar 112′, a post 114′ and a back brace 116′ that have substantially the same features as the crossbar 112, post 114, and back brace 116 of the frame member 110 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

In the exemplary embodiment, the frame member 110′ includes a front anchor flange 117₁coupled to a front side of the crossbar 112′ and a back anchor flange 117₂ coupled to the back side of the crossbar 112′ or the post 114′. The front and back anchor flanges 117₁, 117₂ each include a coupling surface 117a′ and stiffener plates 117b′ on either side of the coupling surface 117a′. The coupling surface 117a′ includes an aperture configured to receive a ground engaging means or portion thereof, such as an anchor or chain.

In the exemplary embodiment, the coupling surface 117a′ on the front and back anchor flanges 117₁, 117₂ extend from or are aligned with a bottom side of the crossbar 112′ (as opposed to a topside of the crossbar 112, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B). In such embodiments, the coupling surfaces 117a′ of the front and back anchor flanges 117₁, 117₂ are aligned with and/or rest upon the ground surface that the crossbar 112′ is support by. In some embodiments, providing front and back anchor flanges 117₁, 117₂ that align with the ground surface can allow the front and back anchor flanges 117₁, 117₂, and thus the framework 101, to be coupled to a movable, weighted platform to provide the anchor weight. For example, the front and back anchor flanges 117₁, 117₂ can be welded or fastened to a shipping container filled with weight, such as debris, sand, rocks, or other heavy material, which acts as the anchor weight.

The frame member 110′ further includes an upper side cable flange 119₁ and a lower side cable flange 119₂. In this embodiment, the upper and lower side cable flanges 119₁, 119₂ are substantially similar to the cable flange 119, except in their placement along the length of the post 114′. To accommodate the front side of the crossbar 112′ and/or post 114′ having a front anchor flange 117₁, the lower side cable flange 119₂ can be located in a middle section of the post 114′. In the exemplary embodiment, the lower side cable flange 119₂ is located on a lower side of the post 114′ adjacent to the back anchor flange 117₂. When placing the lower side cable anchor 119₂, consideration should be given to the distance between where the ground surface will be, which can be generally in the same plane as the coupling surface 117a′ of the front and/or back anchor flanges 117₁, 117₂, and the lower side cable flange 119₂. For example, if the distance between where the ground surface will be and the lower side cable flange 119₂ (or the distance between the coupling surface 117a′ on the back anchor flange 117₂ and the lower side cable flange 119₂) is too large, smaller pieces of debris could penetrate through the barrier.

Referring now to FIGS. 5A to 5C, a ground frame 120 according to one embodiment is shown. The ground frame 120 is configured to extend between and couple two adjacent frame members 110. For example, a first side 120a of the ground frame 120 can be configured to couple to a first one of the frame members 110 and a second side 120b can be configured to couple to a second one of the frame members 110, thus operatively coupling the first and second ones of the frame members 110.

In some embodiments, the ground frame 120 can include a single support that extends between the two adjacent frame members 110. In the exemplary embodiment, the ground frame 120 includes a front support 122 and a back support 124 configured to couple to a front side and a back side of the frame member 110, respectively. In some embodiments, the ground frame 120 includes at least one support crosspiece 126 extending between the front and back supports 122, 124. In the exemplary embodiment, the ground frame 120 includes two support crosspieces 126 spaced apart substantially evenly along the width W₂ of the front and back supports 122, 124. However, it is contemplated that any number of support crosspieces 126 can extend between the front and back supports 122, 124 in any orientation (such as unevenly along the width W₂).

In some embodiments, the ground frame 120 can include anchor flanges 127 coupled to a front or back side thereof. In some embodiments, the anchor flanges 127 have a coupling surface 127a with an aperture configured to receive a ground engaging means, such as an anchor or chain. In the exemplary embodiment, the anchor flanges 127 are coupled to a front side of the front support 122 such that the coupling surface 127a extends from or is aligned with the top surface of the front support 122. In some embodiments, the anchor flanges 127 on the ground frame 120 are substantially similar and/or include the same features as the anchor flanges 117 on the frame member 110.

In some embodiments, the ground frame 120 further includes coupling flanges 128 on the first end 120a and second end 120 of each of the front and back supports 122, 124. In the exemplary embodiment, the coupling flanges 128 on the front support 122 are configured to couple to the crossbar 112 on an adjacent frame member 110 and the coupling flanges 128 on the back support 124 are configured to couple to the crossbar 112, the post 114, and/or the first gusset plate 118a on an adjacent frame member 110.

It is contemplated that the ground frame 120 can be formed of any material that provides a sufficient strength for retaining the frame members 110 at a distance from each other that is equal to the overall length of the ground frame 120 after the section has been impacted with debris, such as a rock or boulder. In some embodiments, the material can be metal, such as steel, or a carbon fiber composite. In some embodiments, one or more of the front support 122, the back support 124, and the support crosspiece 126 can be formed of a hollow material with an outer shell having any strength and dimension that can withstand an impact with debris. In the exemplary embodiment, front support 122, the back support 124, and the support crosspiece 126 are formed from hollow structural sections (HSS) made of steel having a dimension of about 20×20×1 cm (8×8×0.375 inches). In some embodiments, the HSS is filled with a heavy material, such as sand, rocks, or other dense material, to removably couple the framework 101 to the ground surface (in other words, the HSS filled with a heavy material to act, at least in part, as a weighted anchor or ground-engaging means).

In some embodiments, the front and back supports 122, 124 are not connected to each other and are spaced apart by the crossbar 112 of the frame member 110. Accordingly, the length of the ground frame 120 is equal to the distance between the coupling of the front support 122 and the crossbar 112 and the coupling of the back support and the crossbar 112. In the exemplary embodiment, where the front and back supports 122, 124 are connected via two support crosspieces 126, the length L₁ of the ground frame 120 can be dependent on the length of the support crosspieces 126. In some embodiments, the length L₂ of the ground frame 120 can be between about 1 m and about 3 m. In the exemplary embodiment, the length L₂ of the ground frame 120 is about 190 cm.

Similarly, the width W₁ of a section of the framework 101 is dependent on the width W₂ of the ground frame 120 (and thus the width of the front and back supports 122, 124). Consideration to the impact service load the structural barrier is intended to withstand should be given when determining the width W₂ of the ground frame 120. In some embodiments, the width W₂ of the ground frame 120 is between about 1 m and about 10 m, or between about 4 m and about 8 m. I the exemplary embodiment, the width W₂ of the ground frame 120 is about 5.8 m.

Referring now to FIGS. 5D to 5F, a ground frame 120′ according to another embodiment is shown. The ground frame 120′ is substantially similar to the ground frame 120 shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, except in the placement, configuration, and shape of the anchor flanges. The ground frame 120′ includes a front support 122′, a back support 124′, and support crosspieces 126′ that have substantially the same features as the front support 122, the back support 124, and the support crosspieces 126 of the ground frame 120 shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C.

In the exemplary embodiment, the ground frame 120′ includes front anchor flanges 127₁ coupled to a front side of the front support 122′ and back anchor flanges 127₂ coupled to the back side of the back support 124′. The front and back anchor flanges 127₁, 127₂ each include a coupling surface 127a′ and stiffener plates 127b′ on either side of the coupling surface 127a′. The coupling surface 127a′ includes an aperture configured to receive a ground engaging means or portion thereof, such as an anchor or chain.

In the exemplary embodiment, the coupling surface 127a′ on the front and back anchor flanges 127₁, 127₂ extend from or are aligned with a bottom side of the front and back supports 122′, 124′, respectively, (as opposed to a topside of the front support 122, as shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C). In such embodiments, the coupling surfaces 127a′ of the front and back anchor flanges 127₁, 127₂ are aligned with and/or rest upon the ground surface that the front and back supports 122′, 124′ are support by.

Referring now to FIGS. 6A to 6B, a side brace 130 is shown. The side brace 130 includes a bracket 132 with an end gusset plate 134 at either end of the bracket 132. The end gusset plates 134 are configured to couple to the back support 124 on the ground frame 120 or the post 114 on the frame member 110. In some embodiments, the end gusset plates 134 are coupled to the back support 124 or the post 114 via welding or other known coupling means. In the exemplary embodiment, the end gusset plates 132 include apertures that are configured to receive fasteners therethrough to couple to the back support 124 or post 114.

Referring now to FIG. 6C, a center gusset plate 136 is shown. When more than one section of framework 101 is used, the center frame member 110c (as shown best in FIG. 3) is coupled on either side to ground frames 120. Accordingly, the post 114 on the center frame member 110c is coupled on either side to a side brace 130 using the center gusset plate 136.

Referring now to FIGS. 7A to 7E, a structural barrier 200 according to another embodiment is shown. The structural barrier 200 includes a framework having five sections 208_1-5 that include a total of six frame members 210_1-6 (two end frame members 210_1,6 and four center frame members 210_2-5), five ground frames 220, and eight side braces 230.

The structural barrier 200 further includes a mesh 240 extending between the frame members 210_1-6. A single mesh 240 can extend between two adjacent frame members 210_1-6, such that five sections 208_1-5 of framework would be covered with five meshes 240. Alternatively, a single mesh can extend between the two end frame modules 210_1,6 and be secured to each of the frame modules 210_2-5, such that five sections 208_1-5 of framework would be covered with one mesh 240.

With specific reference to FIGS. 7C to 7E, the frame members 210_1-6 can include a crossbar 212, a post 214, and a back brace 216. The crossbar 212 and the post 214 are coupled to each other in a substantially perpendicular orientation that is secured by a first gusset plate 218a and the crossbar 212 and the back brace 216 are coupled together at an angle that is secured by a second gusset plate 218b. The post 214 includes an upper cable flange 219₁ near an upper end thereof and a lower cable flange 219₂ near a lower end thereof.

In some embodiments, cables 202_1,2 can be used to secure the mesh 240 to the frame members 210_1-6 and/or increase tension in the mesh 240. In some embodiments, the frame member 210_1-6 can include apertures for receiving the cables 202_1,2. Having multiple connection points to the frame member 210_1-6 can assist in retaining the tension in the cables 202_1,2 and the mesh 240 when impacted with debris.

In the exemplary embodiment, each of the first and second gusset plates 218a, 218b and each of the upper cable flange 219₁ and the lower cable flange 219₂ include apertures for receiving the cables 202_1,2, such that the tension of the cables 202_1,2 is spread across the entire frame member 210_1-6.

In some embodiments, cables 202_1,2 can extend the length of the entire structural barrier 200, whereas in other embodiments, a single cable 202_1,2 can be used to secure a mesh 240 to two frame members 210_1-6 to form a single section 208_1-5. It is contemplated that other variations are possible, such one cable 202_1,2 securing the mesh 240 to at least two sections 208_1-5 of a plurality, which may not necessarily be all the sections 208_1-5. In some embodiments, one cable 202_1,2 can be used to couple two adjacent frame members 210_1-6 for a single sections 208_1-5 and another cable 202_1,2 can be added to a completed framework 101 to attach or couple the mesh 140 to the framework 101.

In the exemplary embodiment, a first cable 202₁ is used to secure two frame members 210_1-6 of the same section (as can be seen, the first cable 202₁ couples adjacent frame members 210_3,4 to form the third section 208₃). A second cable 202₂ is used to secure the mesh 240 to the completed framework 101 (as can be seen, the second cable 202₂ couples the mesh 140 to the first and second sections 208_1,2 between the shared frame member 210₃ with the third section 208₃ and the end frame member 210₁).

The first cable 202₁ is threaded through the rings of the mesh 240 at a top end thereof, through the upper cable flange 219₁ (and thus across the front side of the post 214 on frame member 210₃), through the apertures on the second gusset plate 218b, through the lower cable flange 219₂, and back through the rings of the mesh at a bottom end thereof. In some embodiments, the first cable 202₁ can have a similar coupling arrangement to the fourth frame member 210₁ and have the ends of first cables 202₁ coupled to each other, such that the first cable 202₁ is circular and secures the top end and the bottom end of the mesh 240 to the third and fourth frame members 210_3,4. For example, while not shown, the first cable 202₁ could extend through the second gusset plate 218b and the upper and lower cable flanges 219_1,2 on the fourth frame member 2104 to secure the mesh 240 in the third section 208₃.

In the exemplary embodiment, a second cable 202₂ extends through the top side of the mesh 240 on the first section 208₁, through the upper cable flange 219₁ across the front side of the post 214 of the second frame member 210₂ and through the top side of the mesh 240 on the second section 208₂. As shown best in FIG. 7D, the second cable 202₂ extends through the upper cable flange 219₁ on the third frame member 210₃, through an aperture on the second gusset plate 218a, and through the lower cable flange 219₂. The second cable 202₂ extends through a bottom side of the mesh 240 in the second section 208₂, through the lower cable flange 219₂ on the second frame member 210₂, and through the bottom side of the mesh 240 on the first section 508₁ and towards the first frame member 210₁.

In some embodiments, the cables 202_1,2 are secured to the ground frame 220, the ground anchors used to secure the ground frame 220 and/or the ground. Alternatively, the cables 202_1,2 can have their ends coupled to each other (i.e., encircled), such that the cables 202_1,2 extends through the top and bottom end of one or more sections 508_1-5. It is contemplated that any arrangement of cables 202_1,2 can be used that secures the mesh 240 to the frame members 210_1-6 with a suitable tension. For example, a single cable 202_1,2 can be encircled and extend along the entire top end of each of the meshes 240 for all sectiosn_1-5, optionally, through the upper and lower cable flanges 219_1,2 and/or the second gusset plate 218b. In some embodiments, the cable can extend across the top end of the mesh 240 of a section 508_1-5, through the upper cable flange 219₁, through the second gusset plate 218b, through the lower cable flange 219₂, and along the bottom end of the mesh 240 of the adjacent section 508_1-5. For example, the cable 202_1,2 could extend across the top end of the mesh 240 of the first section 508₁, through the upper cable flange 219₁, second gusset plate 218b, and lower cable flange 219₂ on the second section 508₂, and along the bottom end of the mesh 240 of the adjacent section 508₂. The cables 202_1,2 could continue in this manner and be encircled or be coupled to the framework and/or the ground.

In some embodiments, the cables 202_1,2 can have a diameter of between about 1 cm and about 4 cm. In the exemplary embodiment, the cables 202_1,2 are steel cables having a diameter of 1.9 cm that extends through rings of the mesh 240 that are about 20 cm in diameter.

In some embodiments, the mesh 240 can be cables threaded between adjacent frame members 210, a ring net, such as the ROCCO™ ring net systems, a high-tensile spiral rope net, such as the SPIDER™ net systems, or other cables, mesh, or nets that have sufficient tensile strength. In some embodiments, the mesh has a longitudinal strength of at least about 200 kN/m and in some cases between about 250 kN/m to about 600 kN/m.

In some embodiments, the mesh 240 can be a ring net with rings having a diameter of between about 10 cm to about 50 cm. The rings can be formed of high-tensile wire, such as steel wire. In some embodiments, the wire has a diameter of between about 2 mm and about 6 mm and a tensile strength of at least 1500 N/mm². The loading capacity of each individual ring can be dependent on the windings of the rings. In some embodiments, the rings have between 5 and 25 windings corresponding to a wire bundle diameter of between about 8 mm and about 20 mm. The loading capacity per ring can range between about 40 kN/ring to about 200 kN/ring, or higher. In the exemplary embodiment, the mesh 240 is a ring net with 30 cm diameter rings and about 2.76 rings/m. The rings are formed of high-tensile steel metal having a diameter of 3 mm and a tensile strength of at least 1770 N/mm².

In some embodiments, the mesh 240 can have a tensile strength of at least 150 kN/m and an elongation in longitudinal tensile strength tensile test of not more than 15%. Consideration to the bearing resistance against puncturing, the bearing resistance against shearing off, and the bearing resistance against slope-parallel tensile stress should be given when determining the type of mesh 240 to use. As is understood by the skilled artisan, the bearing resistance of the mesh 240 contributes to the overall fallout energy that the structural barrier 200 can withstand.

In the exemplary embodiment, the mesh 240 has a tensile strength of at least about 220 kN/m, a bearing resistance against puncturing of at least about 230 kN/300 kN, a bearing resistance against shearing off of at least 115 kN/150 kN, a bearing resistance against slope-parallel tensile stress of at least 45 kN/70 kN, and an elongation in longitudinal tensile strength tensile test of not more than 10%.

In some embodiments, the mesh 240 can be coated with at least 150 g/m2 of corrosion protection, such as GEOBRUGG SUPERCOATING™ having 95% zinc and 5% aluminum.

Referring now to FIGS. 8A to 8E, a structural barrier 300 according to another embodiment is shown. The structural barrier 300 includes a framework having five sections 308_1-5 that include a total of six frame members 310_1-6 (two end frame members 310_1,6 and four center frame members 310_2-5), four ground frames 320_1-4, and eight side braces 330. The structural barrier 300 further includes five meshes 340 extending between adjacent ones of the frame members 310_1-6.

In some embodiments, some of the sections can include a ground frame, whereas others may not. For example, up to every second section in the framework can include only the frame members and mesh and not include a ground member. In the exemplary embodiment, the first, second, fourth, and fifth sections 308_1,2,4,5 each include a ground frame 320_1,2,3,4, respectively, extending between adjacent frame members 310_1-6 (i.e., a first ground member 320₁ extending between the first and second frame members 310_1,2, a second ground member 320₂ extending between the second and third frame members 310_2,3, a third ground member 320₃ extending between the fourth and fifth frame members 310_4,5, and a fourth ground member 320₄ extending between the fifth and sixth frame members 310_5,6); whereas, the third section 308₃ does not have a ground frame extending between the third and fourth frame members 310_3,4.

With specific reference to FIGS. 8C to 8E, the frame members 310_1-6 can include a crossbar 312, a post 314, and a back brace 316. The crossbar 312 and the post 314 are coupled to each other in a substantially perpendicular orientation that is secured by a first gusset plate 318a and the crossbar 312 and the back brace 316 are coupled together at an angle that is secured by a second gusset plate 318b. The post 314 includes an upper cable flange 319₁ near an upper end thereof and a lower cable flange 319₂ near a lower end thereof.

Similar to the structural barrier 200 shown in FIGS. 7A to 7E, cables 302_1,2 can be used to secure the mesh 340 to the frame members 310_1-6 and/or increase tension in the mesh 340. In the exemplary embodiment, each of the first and second gusset plates 318a, 218b and each of the upper cable flange 319₁ and the lower cable flange 319₂ include apertures for receiving the cables 302_1,2, such that the tension of the cables 302_1,2 is spread across the entire frame member 310_1-6.

In the exemplary embodiment, a first cable 302₁ is used to secure the mesh 340 between adjacent frame members 310_3,4 to form the third section 308₃ and a second cable 302₂ is used to secure the mesh 340 in the first and second sections 308_1,2 (i.e., between the shared frame member 310₃ with the third section 208₃ and the end frame member 310₁). The first and second cables 302_1,2 can be deployed in a substantially similar manner to cables 202_1,2.

The framework of the structural barrier 300 is secured to the ground with ground engaging means. In the exemplary embodiment, the ground engaging means are twelve anchor weights 306, such that two anchor weights are operatively coupled to each of the six frame members 310_1-6. In some embodiments, the structural barrier 300 can include a third cable 302₃ configured to secure the anchor weights 306 to each other, to a respective one of the frame members 310_1-6 and/or to a respective one of the ground frames 320_1-4.

In the exemplary embodiment, two anchor weights 306 are coupled to each other via metal strapping 307 on a front and back side thereof. The coupled anchor weights 306 are positioned on a front side of each of the frame members 310_1-5. The two coupled anchor weights 306 are operatively coupled to the respective one of the frame members 310_1-6 via the third cable 302₃. While it is contemplated that there are many ways to couple the coupled anchor weights 306 to the frame member 310_1-6, in the exemplary embodiment, the third cable 302₃ is coupled to a third aperture in the second gusset plate 318b, wrapped underneath the two coupled anchor weights 306 and around the front side thereof, and is coupled to a top side of the coupled anchor weights 306 (a top side of the top anchor weight 306). Other arrangements are contemplated, such as the third cable 302₃ being wrapped around the entire anchor weight 306 and being coupled to the other end of the third cable 302₃ or coupled to the second gusset plate 318b.

In some embodiments, the third cable 302₃ can be any cable, cord, chain, etc. that has sufficient strength to maintain the coupling between the anchor weights 306 and the framework. For example, in some embodiments, the third cable 302₃ can be a metal cable, a metal chain, or other suitable cable. In the exemplary embodiment, the third cable 302₃ is a metal chain about 1 cm in diameter (⅜ of an inch metal chain).

In some embodiments, the anchor weights 306 are blocks formed from a dense material that provides sufficient weight to the framework of the structural barrier 300. For example, the anchor weights 306 can be blocks formed from metal, stone, concrete, bricks, etc. Alternatively, the anchor weights 306 can include containers filled with rocks, sand, or other dense debris that provides weight. In the exemplary embodiment, the anchor weights 306 are formed from concrete.

It is contemplated that any size, shape, and configuration of anchor weights 306 can be used to secure the framework to the ground. For example, the anchor weights 306 can include a single, elongated anchor weight that partially or fully extends the length of the structural barrier 300, or multiple anchor weights that are placed strategically on a front or back side of the framework. In some embodiments, each of the anchor weights 306 can have a volume of between about 0.5 m³ and about 80 m³ (such as a shipping container filled with weighted debris) and a density of between about 1000 kg/m³ and about 3200 kg/m³. In the exemplary embodiment, the anchor weights 306 are about 0.76 m (2.5 feet) by 0.76 m by 1.52 m (5 feet) and a weight of about 2000 kg, corresponding to a size of about 0.88 m³ and a density of about 2260 kg/m³.

In some embodiments, the framework of the structural barrier 300 can be secured to the ground via cables, ground anchors, and/or the anchor weights 306. In the exemplary embodiment, the framework is secured to the ground using only the anchor weights 306 (i.e., the ground engaging means is only the anchor weights 306). In some embodiments, using anchor weights 306 can facilitate an easier relocation of the structural barrier 300 for a second deployment.

In some embodiments, the arrangement of anchor weights 306 can be such that the anchor weight 306 can sustain a fallout energy of at least about 50 kJ, or between about 50 kJ and about 150 kJ. In the exemplary embodiment, the arrangement of two anchor weights 306 is such that the structural barrier 300 can sustain a fallout energy of up to 70 kJ.

Referring now to FIGS. 9A to 9E, a structural barrier 400 according to another embodiment is shown. The structural barrier 400 includes a framework having five sections formed by six frame members 410, four ground frames 420, and eight side braces 430. The structural barrier 400 further includes five meshes 440 extending between adjacent ones of the frame members 310 and secured thereto via cables 402. The structural barrier 400 includes anchor weights 406 operatively coupled to each of the frame members 410 as the ground engaging means. The structural barrier 400 includes substantially the same features of the structural barrier 300 except in the arrangement of the anchor weights 406.

In the exemplary embodiment, three anchor weights 406 are coupled to each other via metal strapping 407 on a back side and a first side thereof, such that each of the anchor weights 406 are coupled to the other two anchor weights 406. The coupled anchor weights 406 are positioned on a front side of each of the frame members 410. The three coupled anchor weights 406 are operatively coupled to a respective one of the frame members 410 via a cable 402.

In some embodiments, the arrangement of anchor weights 406 can be such that the anchor weight 406 can sustain a fallout energy of at least about 90 kJ, or between about 50 kJ and about 200 kJ. In the exemplary embodiment, the arrangement of three anchor weights 406 is such that the structural barrier 400 can sustain a fallout energy of up to 100 kJ.

In some embodiments, the coupled anchor weights 406 can be coupled to the framework (to the frame member 410, the ground member 420, and/or the side brace 430) via the metal strapping 407, or other suitable means of coupling. In some embodiments, in addition to being coupled to the framework, the ground anchors 406 can be secured to the ground or embedded in the ground.

Referring now to FIG. 10, a frame member 510 according to another embodiment is shown coupled to an anchor weight 506. The frame member 510 includes a crossbar 512 coupled to a post 514 at about a 90° angle. The crossbar 512 and the post 514 can be coupled together by any known means, such as welding or a gusset plate; alternatively, the crossbar 512 and the post 514 can be formed as a single integral piece.

In the exemplary embodiment, the frame member 510 and anchor weight 506 are embedded or entrenched in the ground, with the anchor weight 506 positioned on top of the frame member 510. However, it is also contemplated that the anchor weights 506 can be embedded or entrenched in the ground, or even buried beneath the surface with a small access point, such that the frame member 510 can be anchored directly to the anchor weight 506, as opposed to be anchored to the ground with support from the anchor weight 506. The crossbar 512 is positioned in a recessed space or hole that is at a predetermined depth D₂ from a ground surface 503 level and the anchor weight 506 is position on a top side of the crossbar 512. The anchor weight 506 can be coupled to the crossbar 512, such as with cables, chains, or strapping, or can rest upon the crossbar 512, such that the weight of the anchor weight 506 retains the frame member 510 in position.

In some embodiments, the recessed space or hole in the ground has a depth D₂ that is greater than or about equal to a combined height H₂ of the crossbar 512 and the anchor weight 506. Alternatively, a portion of the anchor weight 506 or the crossbar 512 can protrude from the recessed space or hole. In some embodiments, the recessed space or hole can have a depth of between about 5 cm to about 90 cm, or between about 50 cm and about 70 cm. In the exemplary embodiment, the depth of the recessed space or hole is about 60 cm. In the exemplary embodiment, the depth D₂ of the recessed space or hole is only slightly larger than the combined height H₂ of the crossbar 512 and the anchor weight 506.

As would be understood by the skilled artisan, the protruding height H₃ of the structural barrier (i.e., the height of the post 514 that extends above the ground surface 503) is reduced by the height H₂ of the recessed space or hole. Consideration to the desired height of the structural barrier (i.e., the distance from the top end of the post 514 to the ground surface 503) should be given when determining the depth of the recessed space or hole and the overall height H₄ of the post 514. Similarly, when determining the length L₃ of the crossbar 512, consideration to the protruding height H₃ of the post 514 and the overall height H₄ of the post should be given, such that the crossbar 512 has sufficient length L₃ to stabilize the post 514. In the exemplary embodiment, the protruding height H₂ of the post 514 is about 3 m and the length L₃ of the crossbar 512 is about 2 m.

In some embodiments, the frame member 510 can include cable flanges for receiving a cable to secure a mesh. When determining the placement of the cable flanges, consideration should be given to the depth of the recessed space or hole, such that the lower cable flange is above the ground surface 503 level at a small enough distance that debris cannot pass underneath the mesh when the mesh is coupled to the frame member.

Referring now to FIGS. 11A to 11D, a structural barrier 600 according to another embodiment is shown. For greater clarity, the combination of FIGS. 11A and 11B and FIGS. 11C and 11D show the full length of the structural barrier 600 in two parts that are continuous at line X and extend from a first side 600a to a second side 600b. The structural barrier 600 includes a framework having six barrier sections 608_1-6 and two fencing sections 609_1,2 dispersed between the barrier sections 608_1-6. Each of the barrier sections 608_1-6 include two frame member 610_1-9 with a ground frame 620 positioned therebetween, and side braces 630 providing support to the frame members 610_1-9 and further coupling a respective one of the frame member 610_1-9 and an adjacent ground frame 620.

The structural barrier 600 further includes barrier meshes 640 extending between the frame members 610_1-9 of the barrier section 208_1-6 and fencing meshes 642 extending between the frame members 610_3,4,6,7 of the fencing section 209_1,2. In the exemplary embodiment, two adjacent barrier sections 608_1,2, 608_3,4, 608_5,6 include a single barrier mesh 640 extending between the outer frame members 610_1,3, 610_4,6, 610_7,9.

In some embodiments, the barrier meshes 640 can have the same features and parameters and be coupled to the frame members 640_1-9 in similar manner as the meshes 140, 240, 340, 440. In the exemplary embodiment, the barrier meshes 640 are coupled to the frame members 610_1-9 via first and second cables 602_1,2 extending through a top end of the barrier mesh 640 and a third cable 602₃ extending through a bottom end of the barrier mesh 640. As shown best in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the first and/or second cable 602_1,2 can be coupled to a ground surface on a first side 600a of two adjacent barrier sections 608_1,2, 608_3,4, 608_5,6, extend through the top side of the mesh 640 and the cable flanges on a top side of the frame members 610_1-9, and be coupled to the ground surface on the second side 600b of the adjacent barrier sections 608_1,2, 608_3,4, 608_5,6. Similarly, the third cable 602₃ can be coupled to a ground surface on a first side 600a of two adjacent barrier sections 608_1,2, 608_3,4, 608_5,6, extend through the lower side of the mesh 640 and the cable flanges on a lower side of the frame members 610_1-9, and be coupled to the ground surface on the second side 600b of the adjacent barrier sections 608_1,2, 608_3,4, 608_5,6. In the exemplary embodiment, the second cable 602₂ and the third cable 602₃ are coupled to the ground using the same ground anchor (not shown).

It is contemplated that other arrangements of cables 602_1-3 can be used. For example, a single cable can extend across the top of a first barrier section 608₁, through the upper cable flange on a top side of the second frame member 610₂, through an aperture on a bottom side of the second frame member 610₂, such as through a gusset plate, through the lower cable flange on the second frame member 610₂, and across the lower side of the second barrier section 608₂. Similarly, a second cable can extend across the top side of the second barrier section 608₂ and across the lower side of the first barrier section 608₁.

In some embodiments, the structural barrier 600 includes fencing sections 609_1,2 dispersed between barrier sections 608_1-9. In the exemplary embodiment, the fencing sections 609_1,2 each include a fencing mesh 642. In some embodiments, the fencing mesh 642 can be removably coupled to the adjacent frame members 610_3,4,6,7 to provide an opening or access point in the structural barrier 600. In the exemplary embodiment, the fencing mesh 642 is coupled to the adjacent frame members 610_3,4,6,7 with cables 602_4,5.

In some embodiments, a fourth cable 602₄ extends from the ground surface, where it can be anchored to with a ground anchor, through the upper cable flange on the first side 600a frame member 610_3,6, across the top of the fencing mesh 642, through the upper cable flange on the second side 600b frame member 610_4,7, and be secured to the ground surface on a second side 600b of the fencing section 609_1,2 with a ground anchor. Similarly, a fifth cable 602₅ extends from the ground surface, where it can be anchored to with a ground anchor, through the lower cable flange on the first side 600a frame member 610_3,6, across the bottom of the fencing mesh 642, through the lower cable flange on the second side 600b frame member 610_4,7, and be secured to the ground surface on a second side 600b of the fencing section 609_1,2 with a ground anchor. In some embodiments, such as with the fourth cable 602₄ on the second fencing section 609₂, one or more of the cables 602_1-5 can be secured to the ground frame 620 and/or the ground with the same ground anchor that is used to secure the framework to the ground. In some embodiments, such as with the fifth cable 602₅ on the second fencing section 609₂, one or more of the cables 602_1-5 can be secured to the adjacent frame members 610_6,7 on either side of the barrier section 608_1-6 and/or the fencing section 609_1,2.

Several alternative embodiments and examples have been described and illustrated herein. The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to be exemplary only. A person of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate the features of the individual embodiments, and the possible combinations and variations of the components. A person of ordinary skill in the art would further appreciate that any of the embodiments could be provided in any combination with the other embodiments disclosed herein. It is understood that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the central characteristics thereof. The present examples and embodiments, therefore, are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein. Accordingly, while the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind. The scope of the invention is therefore intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-impact structural barrier framework, the framework comprising: at least two frame members each comprising; a crossbar configured to be supported by a ground surface; anda post couplable to a first end of the crossbar and extending substantially perpendicular to the crossbar; andat least one ground frame having a front side, a back side, a first side, and a second side, the first side being configured to couple to the crossbar of a first one of the at least two frame members and the second end being configured to couple to the crossbar of a second one of the at least two frame members such that the ground frame extends between and operatively couples the first one and the second one of the at least two frame members;wherein the framework is configured to be removably coupled to the ground surface.

2. A high-impact structural barrier comprising: a framework as defined in claim 1;ground engaging means configured to removably couple the framework to the ground surface; anda mesh configured to extend between the at least two frame members.

3. A high-impact structural barrier framework, the framework comprising: a plurality of frame members each comprising; a crossbar configured to be supported by a ground surface; anda post couplable to a back side of the crossbar and extending substantially perpendicular to the crossbar; anda plurality of ground frames each comprising: a front support configured to couple to a front side of the crossbar;a back support configured to couple to the back side of the crossbar or a bottom side of the post; andat least one support crosspieces extending between the front support and the back support;wherein each of the plurality of ground frames are configured to couple to and extend between a first one and a second one of the plurality of frame members; andwherein the framework is configured to be removably coupled to the ground surface.

4. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of ground engaging means configured to removably couple the framework to the ground surface.

5. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 4, wherein the ground engaging means are ground-engaging anchors configured to be coupled to the ground surface and at least one of: the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

6. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 5, wherein the ground-engaging anchors comprise: front ground-engaging anchors configured to removably couple to a front side of the crossbar, the front support, and/or a front side of the support crosspieces; andback ground-engaging anchors configured to removably couple to a back side of the crossbar, the post, the back support, and/or a back side of the support crosspieces.

7. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 6, wherein the front ground-engaging anchors have a higher maximum tension service load than the back ground-engaging anchors.

8. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 6, wherein the back ground-engaging anchors have a higher maximum compression service load than the front ground-engaging anchors.

9. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 4, wherein the ground engaging means are weighted anchors configured to be coupled to at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

10. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 4, wherein the ground engaging means are weighted anchors configured to engage with at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

11. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 10, wherein the weighted anchors are positioned on a top surface of the at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members.

12. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 9, wherein the weighted anchors are embedded or entrenched in the ground surface.

13. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 9, wherein the at least one of the plurality of ground frames and the plurality of frame members are removably coupled to the weighted anchors.

14. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 9, wherein the weighted anchors are configured to provide a fallout energy of at least 70 kJ.

15. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 3, wherein the plurality of frame members further comprise a back brace couplable to the front side of the crossbar and the post, the brace being configured to support the post.

16. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 3, further comprising a side brace couplable to a first side and/or a second side of the post and to a respective one of plurality of ground frames.

17. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 3, wherein the crossbar is configured to be recessed into the ground surface.

18. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 3, wherein the plurality of frame members and/or the plurality of ground frames comprise hollow structural sections.

19. The high-impact structural barrier framework of claim 18, wherein the hollow structural sections are filled with a heavy material to removably couple the framework to the ground surface.

20. The high-impact structural barrier of claim 2, wherein the high-impact structural barrier is configured to sustain an energy fallout of at least 900 kJ.