Patent Application
20140134446
Provided herein are plastic films that provide an oxygen barrier and a water barrier for packaging products, such as those that require high oxygen and water barrier properties.
The related art consists of films that provide oxygen barriers through the use of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), or polyamide meta-xylene diamine (nylon MXD6). These materials provide high oxygen barriers; however, their barrier properties are diminished when exposed to water.
Oxygen and moisture barriers are key properties to preserve food products. Thus, food packers employ the use of barrier films throughout the industry. Packages include liners, bags, pouches, and wrappers in a wide variety of sizes and construction. A sufficient amount of barrier material is used in the package to prevent the degradation of the product for the desired shelf life. However, barrier raw materials are more expensive than other polymers in the film structure, so only the required amount is used in the structure, which can result in a lack of strength.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,479,160 B1 provides examples of oxygen barrier films using different layers, and blends of polymers to achieve the required barrier level for packaging oxygen sensitive foods. Another example is U.S. Pat. No.4,792,488, which provides a multilayer film using a layer of vinylidene chloride copolymer and a layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. A third example is U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,944, which provides a polymeric structure with a barrier layer that is heated under moist conditions to improve the oxygen barrier and moisture penetration. However, the oxygen barrier and moisture barrier properties of these materials are lacking, such that there is a need for materials with improved oxygen barrier and moisture barrier properties. The materials provided herein are believed to meet this need.
The embodiments provided herein relate to plastic films. In certain embodiments, provided herein are films that provide high oxygen and water barriers. In other embodiments, provided herein are blown, thermoplastic coextruded films that provide high oxygen and water barriers. In one embodiment, provided herein are films with an oxygen barrier comprising polyvinyl alcohol.
In certain embodiments, provided herein are multilayer plastic films comprising polyethylene outer layers with inner layers of additional polyethylene adjacent to tie layers of adhesive bonded to a blended polyamide and amorphous polyvinyl alcohol core.
In a particular embodiment, a multilayer film provided herein comprises a first layer comprising a blend of a linear low density polyethylene, an anti-block material and a slip material, a second layer comprising a linear low density polyethylene, a third layer comprising a blend of one or more linear low density polyethylenes, a fourth layer comprising a blend of polyamide and amorphous polyvinyl alcohol, a fifth layer comprising a blend of one or more linear low density polyethylenes, a sixth layer comprising a linear low density polyethylene, and a seventh layer comprising a blend of one or more linear low density polyethylenes, an anti-block material and a slip material.
As shown in
Without being limited by theory, in the first layer, the LLDPE provides strength and a platform for the anti-block material, which prevents the outside of the film from sticking to itself when multiple sheets are in contact. Common situations where sticking could occur include when the film is wound into a roll or fashioned into a bag or pouch. The slip materials provide the desired coefficient of friction during film to film contact or film to metal contact. In certain embodiments, the coefficient of friction is in the range between about 0.05 to about 0.50, in one embodiment, between about 0.10 and about 0.25. In certain embodiments, the film can slide on materials, or allow materials to slide on it, without such low friction that the film cannot be held or such high friction that the film wrinkles
The second layer is comprised of an octene linear low density polyethylene, such as FP120D available from Nova.
The third layer is comprised of a blend of super hexene LLDPE and maleic anhydride grafted linear low density polyethylene (MAH modified LLDPE). ExxonMobil NTX-101 is a suitable super hexene LLDPE, while DuPont Bynel 4164 is a suitable MAH modified LLDPE.
Without being limited by theory, these first 3 layers provide a moisture barrier to keep water from passing into and through the film.
The fourth layer is comprised of a blend of polyamide (PA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In one embodiment, the PVA is amorphous. A function of this layer is to provide oxygen barrier property to the film. In one embodiment, the PA is comprised of polyamide 6.66. BASF C40 PA and Soarus OKS-8049P PVA can be used to make the fourth layer of the film. In one embodiment, the fourth layer is the oxygen barrier layer.
The fifth layer is comprised of a blend of super hexene LLDPE and MAH modified LLDPE. ExxonMobil NTX-101 is a suitable super hexene LLDPE, while DuPont Bynel 4164 is a suitable MAH modified LLDPE.
The sixth layer is comprised of an octene linear low density polyethylene, such as FP120D available from Nova.
The seventh layer is comprised of a blend of octene linear low density polyethylene, metallocene catalyzed linear low density polyethylene, a master batch of anti-block and a master batch of slip materials. Nova FP120D is one such octene LLDPE, ExxonMobil 1012HA is a suitable metallocene catalyzed LLDPE, while Ingenia IP1091 anti-block and Ingenia IP1065 slip are examples of possible master batches that can be used in the seventh layer.
In certain embodiments, the first layer is the inner layer and the seventh layer is the outer layer.
In certain embodiments, the films provided herein have an oxygen barrier comprising polyvinyl alcohol. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that films provided herein having an oxygen barrier comprising polyvinyl alcohol provide about 10 to 15 times the oxygen barrier than films without an oxygen barrier comprising polyvinyl alcohol.
Without being limited by theory, it is thought that the structure of LLDPE and additive outer layers with a core of PA and PVA provides a high oxygen and water barrier film.
In certain embodiments, provided herein are methods for using films provided herein as bags, liners, pouches, shrink bags, and chubs. In certain embodiments, the film can also be used for food packaging, including packaging of meat, cheese, milk, condiments, salad dressings, or any other oxygen sensitive products.
The film was produced at a total average thickness of 4.5 mils with the first layer averaging 0.90 mils, the second layer averaging 0.68 mils, the third layer averaging 0.45 mils, the fourth layer averaging 0.45 mils, the fifth layer averaging 0.45 mils, the sixth layer averaging 0.68 mils, and the seventh layer averaging 0.90 mils. The desired range is +/−10% for both the total film thickness and the thicknesses of each layer. In certain embodiments, the films provided herein can be made using blown film, cast film, or double bubble processes.
Film Properties:
In one embodiment, the oxygen transmission rate (“OTR”) was measured using ASTM D-3985 at 73° F. at three different levels of relative humidity, three times each with the following results:
In certain embodiments, films provided herein have an OTR (cc/m2/day) of less than about 25, less than about 20, less than about 15, less than about 10, less than about 5, less than about 4, less than about 3, less than about 2, less than about 1 or less than about 0.5 at a relative humidity of 50% as measured using ASTM D-3985.
In certain embodiments, films provided herein have an OTR (cc/m2/day) of less than about 25, less than about 20, less than about 15, less than about 10, less than about 5, less than about 4, less than about 3, less than about 2, less than about 1.5, less than about 1 or less than about 0.5 at a relative humidity of 75% as measured using ASTM D-3985.
In certain embodiments, films provided herein have an OTR (cc/m2/day)] of less than about 25, less than about 20, less than about 15, less than about 10, less than about 5, less than about 4, less than about 3, less than about 2 or less than about 1 at a relative humidity of 90% as measured using ASTM D-3985.
A film was made similar to example 1, except no PVA was added to the fourth layer of the film.
The film was produced at a total average thickness of 4.5 mils with the first layer averaging 0.90 mils, the second layer averaging 0.68 mils, the third layer averaging 0.45 mils, the fourth layer averaging 0.45 mils, the fifth layer averaging 0.45 mils, the sixth layer averaging 0.68 mils, and the seventh layer averaging 0.90 mils.
Film Properties:
The oxygen transmission was measured at 73° F. at three different levels of relative humidity, three times each with the following results:
Summary Table for Example 1 and Example 2 Test Results Comparison
The film of Example 1 provides an oxygen barrier and a water barrier. The film of Example 2 does not provide a desirable shelf life and leads to undesirable conditions in the end use, such as food spoilage, odor, and bacteria growth, because of the high OTR of the film.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/724,329, filed Nov. 9, 2012, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61724329 | Nov 2012 | US |
