High performance card edge connector for high bandwidth transmission

Abstract

A card edge connector for high bandwidth transmission. The connector may include a housing having a groove between two walls. The walls may include slots holding terminals of the connector. The terminals of the connector may each include a mating contact portion, a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion, a bearing portion extending from the mounting contact portion and fixed in the housing, and a beam extending from the bearing portion. The beams may be configured to flex when the mating contact portions make contact with pads on a card. The terminals may each include a curved transition portion between the mating contact portion and the beam so as to prevent the beam from touching the card. The housing may include holes through the walls between mating contact portions of selected adjacent terminals. Such a configuration reduces impedance mismatch at the mating interface and therefore improve signal integrity.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Chinese Patent Application Serial No. 202121908685.1, filed on Aug. 13, 2021, entitled “HIGH PERFORMANCE CARD EDGE CONNECTOR FOR HIGH-BANDWIDTH TRANSMISSION.” The entire content of this application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to connectors, and in particular to a high performance card edge connector for high bandwidth transmission.

BACKGROUND

Electrical connectors are used in many ways within electronic systems and to connect different electronic systems together. For example, printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be electrically coupled using one or more electrical connectors, allowing individual PCBs to be manufactured for particular purposes and electrically coupled with a connector to form a desired system rather than manufacturing the entire system as a single assembly. One type of electrical connector is an “edge connector,” which is a type of female connector that interfaces directly with conductive traces on or near the edge of a PCB without the need for a separate male connector because the PCB itself acts as the male connector that interfaces with the edge connector. In addition to providing electrical connections between a PCB and another electronic system, some edge connector may also provide mechanical support for the inserted PCB such that the PCB is held in a substantially immovable position relative to the other electronic system.

Some electrical connectors utilize differential signaling to transmit a signal from a first electronic system to a second electronic system. Specifically, a pair of conductors is used to transmit a signal. One conductor of the pair is driven with a first voltage and the other conductor is driven with a voltage complementary to the first voltage. The difference in voltage between the two conductors represents the signal. An electrical connector may include multiple pairs of conductors to transmit multiple signals. To control the impedance of these conductors and to reduce crosstalk between the signals, ground conductors may be included adjacent each pair of conductors.

As electronic systems have become smaller, faster and functionally more complex, both the number of circuits in a given area and the operational frequencies have increased. Consequently, the electrical connectors used to interconnect these electronic systems are required to handle the transfer of data at higher speeds without significantly distorting the data signals (via, e.g., cross-talk and/or interference) using electrical contacts that have a high density (e.g., a pitch less than 1 mm, where the pitch is the distance between adjacent electrical contacts within an electrical connector).

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a high performance card edge connector for high bandwidth transmission.

Some embodiments relate to an electrical connector. The electrical connector may include a plurality of conductive elements each comprising a mating contact portion, a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion, and an intermediate portion between the mating contact portion and the mounting contact portion, the plurality of conductive elements comprising a plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements; and an insulative housing holding the plurality of conductive elements, the insulative housing comprising a plurality of holes extending through the insulative housing, with holes of the plurality of holes disposed between the conductive elements of respective pairs of the plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements.

In some embodiments, the insulative housing may comprise a plurality of slots each holding a conductive element of the plurality of conductive elements. The plurality of holes may connect adjacent slots of the plurality of slots.

In some embodiments, the plurality of holes may be disposed between the mating contact portions of the conductive elements of respective pairs.

In some embodiments, the insulative housing may comprise a first portion, a second portion, and a separator between the first portion and the second portion. The second portion of the insulative housing may comprise the plurality of holes.

In some embodiments, the first portion of the insulative housing may comprise a first bottom portion that separates slots of the plurality of slots in the first portion of the insulative housing. The second portion of the insulative housing may comprise a second bottom portion that separates slots of the plurality of slots in the second portion of the insulative housing. The electrical connector may comprise a member comprising a bar adjacent the bottom of the second portion and a plurality of ribs disposed into selected slots of the slots of the plurality of slots in the second portion of the insulative housing.

In some embodiments, the plurality of holes may each extend through the insulative housing in a first direction. The plurality of slots may each extend through the insulative housing in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

In some embodiments, the intermediate portions of the plurality of conductive elements may each comprise a beam, a bearing portion between the beam and the mounting contact portion and fixed in the insulative housing, and a transition portion between the mating contact portion and the beam, the transition portion curved away from the mating contact portion.

In some embodiments, the mounting contact portions of the plurality of conductive elements may be L-shaped.

In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive elements may each comprise a tip extending from a respective mating contact portion and being thinner than the respective mating contact portions.

Some embodiments relate to an electrical connector. The electrical connector may include an insulative housing; and a plurality of conductive elements held by the insulative housing, the plurality of conductive elements each comprising a mating contact portion, a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion, a beam, a bearing portion between the beam and the mounting contact portion and fixed in the insulative housing, and a transition portion between the mating contact portion and the beam. The transition portions may be curved such that gaps exist between a mating board and the beams of the plurality of conductive elements and the beams of the plurality of conductive elements are in parallel with a surface of the mating board.

In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive elements may each comprise a tip extending from a respective mating contact portion and being thinner than the respective mating contact portions.

In some embodiments, for each of the plurality of conductive elements, the bearing portion may comprise a plurality of barbs in the insulative housing such that the bearing portion is fixed in the insulative housing and the tip is thinner than the respective mating contact portion.

In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive elements may comprise a plurality of differential pairs of signal conductive elements and a plurality of reference conductive elements disposed between the differential pairs. The plurality of conductive elements may be identical.

In some embodiments, for each of the plurality of conductive elements, the mating contact portion may be narrower than the beam.

In some embodiments, for each of the plurality of conductive elements, the mounting contact portion may be narrower than the bearing portion.

In some embodiments, the plurality of conductive elements may comprise a plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements. The insulative housing may comprise a plurality of holes extending therethrough. The plurality of holes may be disposed between the conductive elements of respective pairs of the plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements.

In some embodiments, the insulative housing may comprise a plurality of slots each holding a conductive element of the plurality of conductive elements. The plurality of slots may extend through the insulative housing. The insulative housing may comprise a bottom portion that separates the plurality of slots from each other. The electrical connector may comprise a member comprising a bar adjacent the bottom portion of the insulative housing and a plurality of ribs extending from the bar to selected slots of the plurality of slots of the insulative housing.

Some embodiments relate to an electrical connector. The electrical connector may include a plurality of conductive elements each comprising a mating contact portion, a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion, a beam, and a bearing portion between the beam and the mounting contact portion and fixed in the insulative housing; an insulative housing comprising a plurality of slots each holding a conductive element of the plurality of conductive elements; and a member attached to the insulative housing, the member comprising a bar and a plurality of ribs extending perpendicular to the bar and into selected slots of the plurality of slots, the plurality of ribs contacting the bearing portions of the conductive elements in the selected slots of the plurality of slots, wherein the member is at least partially conductive.

In some embodiments, the insulative housing may comprise a first portion and a second portion separated from each other by a separator. The member may be attached to the second portion of the insulative housing.

In some embodiments, the first portion of the insulative housing may have a first bottom portion. The second portion of the insulative housing may have a second bottom portion. The member may be attached to the second bottom portion and may be flush with the first bottom portion.

Some embodiments relate to a high performance card edge connector for high bandwidth transmission. The connector may include a housing formed with a bar-shaped groove that opens at an upper end thereof, wherein several slots for placing terminals are formed in opposing walls of the housing with lower ends of the slots extending through a lower end of the housing; an end of each terminal may be formed with an arc-shaped contact face and protrude toward the groove; a lower end of each of the terminals may be formed with an L-shaped mounting contact portion extending out of the lower end of the housing; and several air holes may be formed in the opposing walls of the housing.

In some embodiments, a bar may be inserted from a lower end of the housing, several ribs may be provided on both sides of the bar, the ribs may be pressed against surfaces of the terminals.

In some embodiments, a retention edge may be formed at upper ends of the slots, and the upper end of each terminal may be disposed between the retention edge and the respective slot.

In some embodiments, the end of each terminal may comprise a trapezoidal tip structure.

In some embodiments, a positioning post may be provided on the lower surface of the housing at opposite ends.

In some embodiments, a fixing lug may be provided at each of the opposite ends of the housing, a T-shaped slot may be provided at a side of each fixing lug, and a fixing piece may be inserted into each T-shaped slot.

In some embodiments, the fixing piece may be of an L-shaped structure, and a lower end of the fixing piece may comprise a through hole.

In some embodiments, several air holes may be uniformly arranged along a length direction of the housing, and the height of each air hole may correspond to the height of the contact faces of the terminals.

These techniques may be used alone or in any suitable combination. The foregoing summary is provided by way of illustration and is not intended to be limiting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, identical or nearly identical components that are illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. In the drawings:

FIG. 1A is a top perspective view of a card edge connector, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a bottom perspective view of the card edge connector of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A is an exploded view of the card edge connector of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2B is a partially exploded view of the card edge connector of FIG. 1B.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the card edge connector of FIG. 1A along the line marked “a-a” in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 4A is an electrical system comprising the card edge connector of FIG. 1A, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 4B is an exploded view of the electrical system of FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A is a front perspective view of a terminal of the card edge connector of FIG. 1A, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 5B is a side perspective view of the terminal of FIG. 5A in a free state, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 5C is a side perspective view the terminal of FIG. 5A in a mated state, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustrating a simulation result of a differential impedance along a path from a contact pad of a printed circuit board to a terminal of the connector of FIG. 1A, compared with a simulation result of a differential impedance along a similar path for an existing connector.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The inventors have recognized and appreciated connector design techniques that satisfy electrical and mechanical requirements to support greater bandwidth while providing flexibility to be compatible with earlier industrial standards. The inventors have recognized and appreciated that the impedance of a conventional connector may be disrupted at a mating interface where the connector's terminals mate with complementary electrical components. The inventors have recognized and appreciated that the disruption to a connector's impedance may be reduced by introducing, at selected locations adjacent the mating interface, a material having a suitable dielectric constant value. Such a configuration may reduce impedance mismatch at the mating interface and therefore improve signal integrity. The inventors have also recognized and appreciated that thinning tips of the terminal may enable shortening the tips and therefore reduce stubs caused by the tips, which improves connector signal integrity. The inventors have further recognized that having a removable lossy member configured to electrically connect selected terminals enables the connector to support greater bandwidth. These techniques, used alone or in any suitable combination, also enable the connector to mate with and provide electrical connection for electrical components manufactured according to earlier industrial standards.

An electrical connector may have terminals held by a housing. The housing may include two walls extending along a longitudinal direction, and a groove between the two walls and configured to receive a printed circuit board such as a daughter card. The walls may include slots facing the groove and extending in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The slots may each hold a terminal. The housing may include a bottom portion that may separate the slots from each other so as to provide isolation among the terminals in the slots. The housing may include a retention edge having protrusions projecting into the slots and configured to support tips of the terminals so as to preload the terminals.

The terminals may each have a mating contact portion curving into the groove and configured for contacting pads on the card inserted in the groove. Each terminal may have a tip extending from the mating contact portion and resting on a respective protrusion of the housing. Each terminal may have a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion and configured for mounting the connector to another electrical component, such as a mother board. Each terminal may also have a bearing portion extending from the mounting contact portion and fixed in the housing, and a beam extending from the bearing portion. The beam may be configured to flex when the mating contact portion contacts a pad on a card. Each terminal may also have a curved transition portion between the mating contact portion and the beam, which may create a gap between the beam and the card inserted in the groove and enable the beams of the plurality of conductive elements to be in parallel with a surface of the mating board. This configuration prevents the beam from touching the card.

A material different from the housing material may be introduced at selected locations adjacent the mating interface. In some embodiments, the housing may include holes extending through the walls in a lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. The holes may be disposed between mating contact portions of selected adjacent terminals such as signal terminals. Since air has a lower dielectric constant than the housing material, such a configuration may reduce impedance mismatch at the mating interface and therefore improve signal integrity. In some embodiments, the holes may be filled with a material having a desired dielectric constant.

A member may be removably attached to the bottom portion of the connector housing. The member may have a bar extending in the longitudinal direction, and ribs extending from the sides of the bar in the transverse direction. The ribs are configured for contacting the bearing portions of terminals selected for reference such that the selected terminals are electrically connected to each other. Such a configuration may reduce crosstalk and improve signal integrity. Depending on the desired application, the member may be removed, and the terminals may be reassigned for different purposes.

FIGS. 1A-2B illustrate a card edge connector 100, according to some embodiments. The card edge connector 100 may include terminals 8 and a housing 5 holding the terminals. The housing 5 may include walls 108 extending along a longitudinal direction (L) and a groove 110 between the walls 108. The groove 110 may receive a mating component such as a daughter card 404 as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B. The groove 110 may be bar-shaped and open at an upper end of the housing 5. Slots 6 may be formed in the opposing walls 108 with lower ends of the slots 6 extending through a bottom portion 112 of the housing 5 and separated from each other by the bottom portion 112. Positioning posts 7 may be provided on the lower surface of the housing 5 at opposite ends, which may facilitate mounting the connector 100 to another electrical component, such as a mother board 402 as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B. Fixing lugs 1 may be provided at opposite ends of the housing 5. Each fixing lug 1 may have a T-shaped slot 9 holding a fixing piece 2 inserted therein. The fixing piece 2 may be L-shaped and has a through hole.

The housing 5 may be separated into multiple portions. In the illustrated example, the housing 5 is separated into a first portion 102 and a second portion 104 by a separator [6] 106. Correspondingly, the bottom portion 112 may be separated into a first bottom portion 114 and a second bottom portion 204. A member 202 may be movably installed to one or more portion of the bottom portion 112 of the housing 5. In the illustrated example, the member is attached to the second bottom portion 204 of the housing 5. The member 202 has a bar 10 extending in the longitudinal direction, and ribs 12 extending from the sides of the bar 10 and in the transverse direction. The bar 10 of the member 202 may be flush with the first bottom portion 114. The ribs 12 may extend into selected ones of the slots 6. The ribs 12 may press against the selected terminals 8, which may secure the terminals 8 in position.

As illustrated, the terminals 8 may be configured the same. Such a configuration enables reconfiguration of the functions of the terminals according to the desired application. For example, when the member 202 is not installed, the terminals 8 may be configured to support earlier standards such as Peripheral Component Interconnect express (PCIe) Card Electromechanical specification (CEM); when the member 202 is installed, the terminals may be configured to support higher bandwidth transmission.

The connector may include holes 3 at selected locations adjacent the mating interface. Since air has a lower dielectric constant than the housing material, such a configuration may reduce impedance mismatch at the mating interface and therefore improve signal integrity. FIG. 6 shows a simulation result 602 of a differential impedance along a path from the contact pad 406 of the card 404 to a terminal 8 of the connector 100, compared with a simulation result 604 of a differential impedance along a similar path for an existing connector. The result 602 shows increased impedance at the mating interface than the result 604 of the existing connector. It should also be appreciated that a different material may be introduced at selected locations adjacent the mating interface. In some embodiments, the holes may be filled with a material having a desired dielectric constant.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the card edge connector 100 along the line marked “a-a” in FIG. 1A. FIG. 5A illustrates a front perspective view of a terminal 8 of the card edge connector 100. FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C illustrate side perspective views of the terminal 8 in a free state and a mated state, respectively. As illustrated, the terminals 8 may each have a mating contact portion 304 curving into the groove 110 and configured for contacting pads on the card inserted in the groove (e.g., pads 406 on the card 404). The holes 3 may be disposed between mating contact portions 304 of terminals 8, for example, between a pair of terminals 8 configured for differential signals. As illustrated in FIG. 3, a hole 3 may connect two adjacent slots 6 that may hold the pair of terminals 8.

Each terminal 8 may have a tip 302 extending from the mating contact portion. The housing 5 may include an extension edge 11 having protrusions 312 projecting into respective slots 6. The protrusions 312 may have slanted surfaces, on which the tips of the terminals 8 held in respective slots 6 may rest. The tip 302 may be thinner than the mating contact portion. Thinning the tips 302 of the terminals 8 may enable the tips 302 to rest on the slanted surfaces of the protrusions 312 of the housing 5, without additional portions that extend beyond the slanted surfaces and hook to the straight surfaces of the protrusions like conventional designs. Such a configuration enables the tips 302 of the terminals 8 to be shorter and therefore reduce stubs caused by the tips 302, which improves connector signal integrity.

Each terminal 8 may have a mounting contact portion 4 opposite the mating contact portion 304 and configured for mounting the connector 100 to another electrical component, such as a mother board 402 as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B. The mating contact portion 4 may be L-shaped and extend out of the bottom portion 112 of the housing 5.

Each terminal 8 may have a bearing portion 310 extending from the mounting contact portion. The bearing portion 310 may have barbs 502 extending outwardly from the sides so as to fit in features of the housing 5. The ribs 12 of the member 202 may contact the bearing portions 310 of the terminals 8 held in the selected ones of the slots 6. The member 202 may be made of material that is electrically conductive or lossy such that the selected terminals 8 are electrically coupled through the member 202.

Each terminal 8 may have a beam 308 extending from the bearing portion 310. The beam 308 may be configured to flex when the mating contact portion 340 contacts a pad on a card. Each terminal 8 may also have a transition portion 306 between the mating contact portion 304 and the beam 308. The transition portion 306 may curve away from the groove 110. Such a configuration may create a gap 502 between the beam 308 and the card 404 inserted in the groove 110 and enable the beams 308 to be in parallel with a surface of the card 404. This configuration prevents the beam 308 from touching the card 404.

In some embodiments, a connector housing such as the housing 5 may be dielectric members molded from a dielectric material such as plastic or nylon. Examples of suitable materials include, but are not limited to, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyphenyline sulfide (PPS), high temperature nylon or polyphenylenoxide (PPO) or polypropylene (PP). Other suitable materials may be employed, as aspects of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, conductive elements such as terminals 8 may be made of metal or any other material that is conductive and provides suitable mechanical properties for conductive elements in an electrical connector. Phosphor-bronze, beryllium copper and other copper alloys are non-limiting examples of materials that may be used. The conductive elements may be formed from such materials in any suitable way, including by stamping and/or forming.

Materials that dissipate a sufficient portion of the electromagnetic energy interacting with that material to appreciably impact the performance of a connector may be regarded as lossy. A meaningful impact results from attenuation over a frequency range of interest for a connector. In some configurations, lossy material may suppress resonances within ground structures of the connector and the frequency range of interest may include the natural frequency of the resonant structure, without the lossy material in place. In other configurations, the frequency range of interest may be all or part of the operating frequency range of the connector.

For testing whether a material is lossy, the material may be tested over a frequency range that may be smaller than or different from the frequency range of interest of the connector in which the material is used. For example, the test frequency range may extend from 10 GHz to 25 GHz. Alternatively, lossy material may be identified from measurements made at a single frequency, such as 15 GHz.

Loss may result from interaction of an electric field component of electromagnetic energy with the material, in which case the material may be termed electrically lossy. Alternatively or additionally, loss may result from interaction of a magnetic field component of the electromagnetic energy with the material, in which case the material may be termed magnetically lossy.

Electrically lossy materials can be formed from lossy dielectric and/or poorly conductive materials. Electrically lossy material can be formed from material traditionally regarded as dielectric materials, such as those that have an electric loss tangent greater than approximately 0.01, greater than 0.05, or between 0.01 and 0.2 in the frequency range of interest. The “electric loss tangent” is the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the complex electrical permittivity of the material.

Electrically lossy materials can also be formed from materials that are generally thought of as conductors, but are relatively poor conductors over the frequency range of interest. These materials may conduct, but with some loss, over the frequency range of interest such that the material conducts more poorly than a conductor of an electrical connector, but better than an insulator used in the connector. Such materials may contain conductive particles or regions that are sufficiently dispersed that they do not provide high conductivity or otherwise are prepared with properties that lead to a relatively weak bulk conductivity compared to a good conductor such as copper over the frequency range of interest. Die cast metals or poorly conductive metal alloys, for example, may provide sufficient loss in some configurations.

Electrically lossy materials of this type typically have a bulk conductivity of about 1 Siemen/meter to about 100,000 Siemens/meter, or about 1 Siemen/meter to about 30,000 Siemens/meter, or 1 Siemen/meter to about 10,000 Siemens/meter. In some embodiments, material with a bulk conductivity of between about 1 Siemens/meter and about 500 Siemens/meter may be used. As a specific example, material with a conductivity between about 50 Siemens/meter and 300 Siemens/meter may be used. However, it should be appreciated that the conductivity of the material may be selected empirically or through electrical simulation using known simulation tools to determine a conductivity that provides suitable signal integrity (SI) characteristics in a connector. The measured or simulated SI characteristics may be, for example, low cross talk in combination with a low signal path attenuation or insertion loss, or a low insertion loss deviation as a function of frequency.

It should also be appreciated that a lossy member need not have uniform properties over its entire volume. A lossy member, for example, may have an insulative skin or a conductive core, for example. A member may be identified as lossy if its properties on average in the regions that interact with electromagnetic energy sufficiently attenuate the electromagnetic energy.

In some embodiments, lossy material is formed by adding to a binder a filler that contains particles. In such an embodiment, a lossy member may be formed by molding or otherwise shaping the binder with filler into a desired form. The lossy material may be molded over and/or through openings in conductors, which may be ground conductors or shields of the connector. Molding lossy material over or through openings in a conductor may ensure intimate contact between the lossy material and the conductor, which may reduce the possibility that the conductor will support a resonance at a frequency of interest. This intimate contact may, but need not, result in an Ohmic contact between the lossy material and the conductor.

Alternatively or additionally, the lossy material may be molded over or injected into insulative material, or vice versa, such as in a two shot molding operation. The lossy material may press against or be positioned sufficiently near a ground conductor that there is appreciable coupling to a ground conductor. Intimate contact is not a requirement for electrical coupling between lossy material and a conductor, as sufficient electrical coupling, such as capacitive coupling, between a lossy member and a conductor may yield the desired result. For example, in some scenarios, 100 pF of coupling between a lossy member and a ground conductor may provide an appreciable impact on the suppression of resonance in the ground conductor. In other examples with frequencies in the range of approximately 10 GHz or higher, a reduction in the amount of electromagnetic energy in a conductor may be provided by sufficient capacitive coupling between a lossy material and the conductor with a mutual capacitance of at least about 0.005 pF, such as in a range between about 0.01 pF to about 100 pF, between about 0.01 pF to about 10 pF, or between about 0.01 pF to about 1 pF. To determine whether lossy material is coupled to a conductor, coupling may be measured at a test frequency, such as 15 GHz or over a test range, such as 10 GHz to 25 GHz.

To form an electrically lossy material, the filler may be conductive particles. Examples of conductive particles that may be used as a filler to form an electrically lossy material include carbon or graphite formed as fibers, flakes, nanoparticles, or other types of particles. Various forms of fiber, in woven or non-woven form, coated or non-coated may be used. Non-woven carbon fiber is one suitable material. Metal in the form of powder, flakes, fibers or other particles may also be used to provide suitable electrically lossy properties. Alternatively, combinations of fillers may be used. For example, metal plated carbon particles may be used. Silver and nickel are suitable metal plating for fibers. Coated particles may be used alone or in combination with other fillers, such as carbon flake.

Preferably, the fillers will be present in a sufficient volume percentage to allow conducting paths to be created from particle to particle. For example, when metal fiber is used, the fiber may be present in about 3% to 40% by volume. The amount of filler may impact the conducting properties of the material.

The binder or matrix may be any material that will set, cure, or can otherwise be used to position the filler material. In some embodiments, the binder may be a thermoplastic material traditionally used in the manufacture of electrical connectors to facilitate the molding of the electrically lossy material into the desired shapes and locations as part of the manufacture of the electrical connector. Examples of such materials include liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and nylon. However, many alternative forms of binder materials may be used. Curable materials, such as epoxies, may serve as a binder. Alternatively, materials such as thermosetting resins or adhesives may be used.

While the above-described binder materials may be used to create an electrically lossy material by forming a binder around conducting particle fillers, lossy materials may be formed with other binders or in other ways. In some examples, conducting particles may be impregnated into a formed matrix material or may be coated onto a formed matrix material, such as by applying a conductive coating to a plastic component or a metal component. As used herein, the term “binder” encompasses a material that encapsulates the filler, is impregnated with the filler or otherwise serves as a substrate to hold the filler.

Magnetically lossy material can be formed, for example, from materials traditionally regarded as ferromagnetic materials, such as those that have a magnetic loss tangent greater than approximately 0.05 in the frequency range of interest. The “magnetic loss tangent” is the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the complex electrical permeability of the material. Materials with higher loss tangents may also be used.

In some embodiments, a magnetically lossy material may be formed of a binder or matrix material filled with particles that provide that layer with magnetically lossy characteristics. The magnetically lossy particles may be in any convenient form, such as flakes or fibers. Ferrites are common magnetically lossy materials. Materials such as magnesium ferrite, nickel ferrite, lithium ferrite, yttrium garnet or aluminum garnet may be used. Ferrites will generally have a loss tangent above 0.1 at the frequency range of interest. Presently preferred ferrite materials have a loss tangent between approximately 0.1 and 1.0 over the frequency range of 1 GHz to 3 GHz and more preferably a magnetic loss tangent above 0.5 over that frequency range.

Practical lossy magnetic materials or mixtures containing lossy magnetic materials may also exhibit useful amounts of dielectric loss or conductive loss effects over portions of the frequency range of interest. Suitable materials may be formed by adding fillers that produce magnetic loss to a binder, similar to the way that electrically lossy materials may be formed, as described above.

It is possible that a material may simultaneously be a lossy dielectric or a lossy conductor and a magnetically lossy material. Such materials may be formed, for example, by using magnetically lossy fillers that are partially conductive or by using a combination of magnetically lossy and electrically lossy fillers.

Lossy portions also may be formed in a number of ways. In some examples the binder material, with fillers, may be molded into a desired shape and then set in that shape. In other examples the binder material may be formed into a sheet or other shape, from which a lossy member of a desired shape may be cut. In some embodiments, a lossy portion may be formed by interleaving layers of lossy and conductive material such as metal foil. These layers may be rigidly attached to one another, such as through the use of epoxy or other adhesive, or may be held together in any other suitable way. The layers may be of the desired shape before being secured to one another or may be stamped or otherwise shaped after they are held together. As a further alternative, lossy portions may be formed by plating plastic or other insulative material with a lossy coating, such as a diffuse metal coating.

Although details of specific configurations of conductive elements and housings are described above, it should be appreciated that such details are provided solely for purposes of illustration, as the concepts disclosed herein are capable of other manners of implementation. In that respect, various connector designs described herein may be used in any suitable combination, as aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to the particular combinations shown in the drawings.

Having thus described several embodiments, it is to be appreciated various alterations, modifications, and improvements may readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.

Furthermore, although many inventive aspects are shown and described with reference to a plug connector having a right angle configuration, a receptacle connector, and card edge connectors, it should be appreciated that aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard, as any of the inventive concepts, whether alone or in combination with one or more other inventive concepts, may be used in other types of electrical connectors, such as backplane connectors, stacking connectors, mezzanine connectors, I/O connectors, chip sockets, etc.

In some embodiments, mounting ends were illustrated as surface mount elements that are designed to fit within pads of printed circuit boards. However, other configurations may also be used, such as press fit “eye of the needle” compliant sections, spring contacts, solderable pins, etc.

All definitions, as defined and used, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

Numerical values and ranges may be described in the specification and claims as approximate or exact values or ranges. For example, in some cases the terms “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” may be used in reference to a value. Such references are intended to encompass the referenced value as well as plus and minus reasonable variations of the value.

In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively.

The claims should not be read as limited to the described order or elements unless stated to that effect. It should be understood that various changes in form and detail may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. All embodiments that come within the spirit and scope of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed.

Claims

1. An electrical connector, comprising: a plurality of conductive elements each comprising a mating contact portion, a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion, and an intermediate portion between the mating contact portion and the mounting contact portion, the plurality of conductive elements comprising a plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements; andan insulative housing holding the plurality of conductive elements, the insulative housing comprising a plurality of holes extending through the insulative housing, wherein, for each pair of the plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements:a hole of the plurality of holes is disposed between the conductive elements of the pair.

2. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein: the insulative housing comprises a plurality of slots each holding a conductive element of the plurality of conductive elements, andthe plurality of holes connect adjacent slots of the plurality of slots.

3. The electrical connector of claim 2, wherein: the plurality of holes each extends through the insulative housing in a first direction, andthe plurality of slots each extends through the insulative housing in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

4. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of holes are disposed between the mating contact portions of the conductive elements of respective pairs.

5. The electrical connector of claim 2, wherein: the insulative housing comprises a first portion, a second portion, and a separator between the first portion and the second portion, andthe second portion of the insulative housing comprises the plurality of holes.

6. The electrical connector of claim 5, wherein: the first portion of the insulative housing comprises a first bottom portion that separates slots of the plurality of slots in the first portion of the insulative housing,the second portion of the insulative housing comprises a second bottom portion that separates slots of the plurality of slots in the second portion of the insulative housing,the electrical connector comprises a member comprising a bar adjacent the bottom of the second portion and a plurality of ribs disposed into selected slots of the slots of the plurality of slots in the second portion of the insulative housing.

7. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein: the intermediate portions of the plurality of conductive elements each comprises a beam, a bearing portion between the beam and the mounting contact portion and fixed in the insulative housing, and a transition portion between the mating contact portion and the beam, the transition portion curved away from the mating contact portion.

8. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein: the mounting contact portions of the plurality of conductive elements are L-shaped.

9. The electrical connector of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of conductive elements each comprises a tip extending from a respective mating contact portion and being thinner than the respective mating contact portions.

10. An electrical connector, comprising: an insulative housing; anda plurality of conductive elements held by the insulative housing, the plurality of conductive elements each comprising a mating contact portion, a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion, a beam, a bearing portion between the beam and the mounting contact portion and fixed in the insulative housing, and a transition portion between the mating contact portion and the beam,wherein the transition portions are curved such that gaps exist between a mating board and the beams of the plurality of conductive elements and the beams of the plurality of conductive elements are in parallel with a surface of the mating board.

11. The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein: the plurality of conductive elements each comprises a tip extending from a respective mating contact portion and being thinner than the respective mating contact portions.

12. The electrical connector of claim 11, wherein for each of the plurality of conductive elements: the bearing portion comprises a plurality of barbs in the insulative housing such that the bearing portion is fixed in the insulative housing and the tip is thinner than the respective mating contact portion.

13. The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein: the plurality of conductive elements comprise a plurality of differential pairs of signal conductive elements and a plurality of reference conductive elements disposed between the differential pairs, andthe plurality of conductive elements are identical.

14. The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein for each of the plurality of conductive elements: the mating contact portion is narrower than the beam.

15. The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein for each of the plurality of conductive elements: the mounting contact portion is narrower than the bearing portion.

16. The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein: the plurality of conductive elements comprise a plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements,the insulative housing comprises a plurality of holes extending therethrough, andthe plurality of holes are disposed between the conductive elements of respective pairs of the plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements.

17. The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein: the insulative housing comprises a plurality of slots each holding a conductive element of the plurality of conductive elements,the plurality of slots extend through the insulative housing,the insulative housing comprise a bottom portion that separates the plurality of slots from each other, andthe electrical connector comprises a member comprising a bar adjacent the bottom portion of the insulative housing anda plurality of ribs extending from the bar to selected slots of the plurality of slots of the insulative housing.

18. An electrical connector, comprising: a plurality of conductive elements each comprising a mating contact portion, a mounting contact portion opposite the mating contact portion, a beam, and a bearing portion between the beam and the mounting contact portion;an insulative housing comprising a first portion, a second portion, a separator separating the second portion from the first portion, and a plurality of slots each holding a conductive element of the plurality of conductive elements; anda member attached to the second portion of the insulative housing, the member comprising a bar and a plurality of ribs extending perpendicular to the bar and into selected slots of the plurality of slots, the plurality of ribs contacting the bearing portions of the conductive elements in the selected slots of the plurality of slots, wherein the member is at least partially conductive,wherein the bearing portion is fixed in the insulative housing.

19. The electrical connector of claim 18, wherein: the plurality of conductive elements comprise a plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements;the insulative housing comprise a plurality of holes, andfor each pair of the plurality of differential pairs of conductive elements, a hole of the plurality of holes is disposed between the conductive elements of the pair.

20. The electrical connector of claim 18, wherein: the first portion of the insulative housing has a first bottom portion,the second portion of the insulative housing has a second bottom portion,the member is attached to the second bottom portion and is flush with the first bottom portion.