Patent Application
20190173209
This application claims priority to and the benefit of Taiwanese Patent Application Serial No. 107200079, filed Jan. 3, 2018, entitled “CONNECTOR WITH CONDUCTIVE PLASTIC MEMBERS”, as well as Taiwanese Patent Application Serial No. 106218121, filed Dec. 6, 2017, entitled “CONNECTOR WITH CONDUCTIVE PLASTIC MEMBERS ARRANGED IN INSULATION BODY.” The entire contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
This disclosure relates generally to electrical interconnection systems and more specifically to compact electrical connectors.
Electrical connectors are used in many electronic systems. In general, various electronic devices (such as smart phones, tablet computers, desktop computers, notebook computers and digital cameras) have been provided with various types of connectors so that the electronic devices can exchange data with each other. Therefore, it can be seen that the connectors can be used for electrical connection and signal transmission between devices, between components and between systems, and are basic components needed to make a complete system.
It is generally easier and more cost effective to manufacture a system as separate electronic assemblies, such as printed circuit boards (“PCBs”), which may be joined together with electrical connectors. In some scenarios, the PCBs to be joined each have connectors mounted to them, which may be mated to directly interconnect the PCBs.
In other scenarios, the PCB's are connected through a cable. Connectors may nonetheless be used to make such connections. The cable may be terminated at least at one end with a plug connector. A PCB may be equipped with a receptacle connector into which the plug connector can be inserted, making connections between the PCB and the cable. A similar arrangement may be used at the other end of the cable, connecting the cable to another PCB, so that signals may pass between the printed circuit boards through the cable.
According to one aspect of the present application, an electrical connector is provided, comprising a first insulative body. The first insulative body may comprise an accommodation space therein so as to provide a mating interface at a front side of the insulative body, and a terminal subassembly disposed within the insulative body. The terminal subassembly may comprise a second insulative body, a plurality of signal terminals fixed to the second insulative body with front ends thereof exposed within the accommodation space and rear ends passing through the second insulative body and extending from a rear end of the first insulative body, and a plurality of grounding terminals fixed to the second insulative body with front ends thereof exposed within the accommodation space and rear ends passing through the second insulative body and extending from the rear end of the first insulative body. The terminal subassembly may be provided with at least one conductive plastic member. The conductive plastic member may comprise extension parts extending towards the plurality of grounding terminals, and body portions between the extension parts set back from the plurality of signal terminals.
In some embodiments, the second insulative body may be a first seat body. The terminal subassembly may comprise the first seat body and a second seat body. One side of the first seat body may be recessed with a first assembly space. A corresponding side of the second seat body may be recessed with a second assembly space. The at least one conductive plastic member may be disposed between the first assembly space and the second assembly space.
In some embodiments, the plurality of extension parts may each extend in a protruding manner towards a corresponding grounding terminal of the plurality of grounding terminals and contact the corresponding grounding terminal.
In some embodiments, the plurality of signal terminals and the plurality of grounding terminals may be held by the first seat body and the second seat body.
In some embodiments, the first assembly space of the first seat body and the second assembly space of the second seat body may conform to the at least one conductive plastic member.
In some embodiments, the conductive plastic member may be insert molded in at least one of the first assembly space of the first seat body or the second assembly space of the second seat body.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may be inserted in and engaged with the first seat body and the second seat body.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may comprise a first conductive plastic member at least partially disposed within the first assembly space, and a second conductive plastic member at least partially disposed in the second assembly space, such that each of the first and second conductive plastic members therein contact one another between the first seat body and the second seat body.
In some embodiments, the electrical connector may further comprise a metal casing, the first insulative body being disposed in the metal casing.
In some embodiments, the plurality of signal terminals and the plurality of grounding terminals may each extend in a mating direction. Sides of the at least one conductive plastic member that are parallel to the mating direction may be entirely contained within the first or second insulative body.
In some embodiments, the first seat body may be positioned opposite the second seat body along a first direction. Sides of the at least one conductive plastic member that face in or opposite the first direction may be entirely contained within the terminal subassembly.
In some embodiments, all sides of the at least one conductive plastic member may be contained within the terminal subassembly.
In some embodiments, a first group of the plurality of extension parts of the at least one conductive plastic member may extend towards the first seat body. A second group of the plurality of extension parts of the at least one conductive plastic member may extend towards the second seat body. The first assembly space of the first seat body may comprise a plurality of openings each shaped to receive an extension part of the first group of the plurality of extension parts. The second assembly space of the second seat body may comprise a plurality of openings each shaped to receive an extension part of the second group of the plurality of extension parts.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may comprise a binder and a plurality of conductive particles held within the binder.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may comprise a plastic member comprising a plurality of surfaces and a coating of conductive material on at least a portion of the plurality of surfaces.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may have a bulk conductivity of between 10 Siemens/meter and about 200 Siemens/meter.
According to one aspect of the present application, an electrical connector is provided, comprising a first insulative body comprising an accommodation space therein so as to provide a mating interface at a front side of the first insulative body, a first terminal subassembly disposed within the first insulative body, and a second terminal subassembly disposed within the first insulative body. The first terminal subassembly may comprise a second insulative body, a plurality of signal terminals fixed to the second insulative body with front ends thereof exposed within the accommodation space, and rear ends passing through the second insulative body and extending from a rear end of the first insulative body, and a plurality of grounding terminals fixed to the second insulative body with front ends thereof exposed within the accommodation space and rear ends passing through the second insulative body and extending from the rear end of the first insulative body. The second terminal assembly may comprise at least one conductive plastic member comprising a portion of the first terminal subassembly with at least a portion thereof exposed outside the first terminal subassembly. The at least one conductive plastic member may comprise extension parts extending towards the plurality of grounding terminals and body portions between the extension parts set back from the plurality of signal terminals.
In some embodiments, the second insulative body may be a first seat body. The first terminal subassembly may comprise the first seat body and a second seat body. One side of the first seat body may be recessed with a first assembly space. A corresponding side of the second seat body may be recessed with a second assembly space. The at least one conductive plastic member may be disposed between the first assembly space and the second assembly space.
In some embodiments, the plurality of extension parts may extend in a protruding manner towards a corresponding grounding terminal of the plurality of grounding terminals and contact the corresponding grounding terminal.
In some embodiments, the first terminal subassembly may conform to the plurality of signal terminals and the plurality of grounding terminals.
In some embodiments, the first assembly space of the first seat body and the second assembly space of the second seat body may conform to the at least one conductive plastic member.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may be insert molded in at least one of the first assembly space of the first seat body or the second assembly space of the second seat body.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may be inserted in and engaged with the first seat body and the second seat body.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may comprise a first conductive plastic member disposed in the first assembly space and a second conductive plastic member disposed in the second assembly space such that the first and second conductive plastic members contact one another between the first seat body and the second seat body.
In some embodiments, the electrical connector may further comprise a metal casing, the insulative body being disposed in the metal casing.
In some embodiments, the insulative body may conform to the first terminal subassembly.
In some embodiments, the plurality of signal terminals and the plurality of grounding terminals may extend in a mating direction. A side of the at least one conductive plastic member facing opposite the mating direction may be entirely exposed outside the terminal subassembly.
In some embodiments, a first group of the plurality of extension parts of the at least one conductive plastic member may extend towards the first seat body. A second group of the plurality of extension parts of the at least one conductive plastic member may extend towards the second seat body. The first assembly space of the first seat body may comprise a plurality of openings each shaped to receive an extension part of the first group of the plurality of extension parts. The second assembly space of the second seat body may comprise a plurality of openings each shaped to receive an extension part of the second group of the plurality of extension parts.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may comprise a binder and a plurality of conductive particles held within the binder.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may comprise a plastic member comprising a plurality of surfaces and a coating of conductive material on at least a portion of the plurality of surfaces.
In some embodiments, the at least one conductive plastic member may have a bulk conductivity of between 10 Siemens/meter and about 200 Siemens/meter.
According to one aspect of the present application, an electrical connector is provided, comprising an insulative housing, a first row, a second row, and a lossy member. The insulative housing may comprise a back and a front with a slot. The slot may comprise a first side and second side. The first row may comprise a first plurality of terminals comprising signal terminals and ground terminals, the first plurality of terminals disposed along the first side of the slot. The second row may comprise a second plurality of terminals comprising signal terminals and ground terminals, the second plurality of terminals disposed along the second of the slot. The lossy member may comprise a plurality of extension portions and body portions therebetween. The extension portions may be electrically coupled to the ground terminals of the first plurality of terminals and the second plurality of terminals. The body portions of the lossy member may be aligned with and electrically isolated from the signal terminals. The body portions of the lossy member may be positioned between the slot and the back.
In some embodiments, the first plurality of terminals may be disposed in a repeating pattern of ground terminal, signal terminal, signal terminal.
According to one aspect of the present application, a method of manufacturing an electrical connector is provided. The method may comprise forming a terminal subassembly by molding a first seat body over a first row of terminals, the first seat body comprising at least one first assembly space adjacent a portion of the terminals in first row, molding a second seat body over a second row of terminals, the second seat body comprising at least one second assembly space adjacent a portion of the terminals in second row, positioning a lossy member between the first seat body and the second seat body with extension portions within the at least one first assembly space and the at least one second assembly space, and inserting the terminal subassembly into a cavity of a housing comprising a slot configured to receive a mating component, with the first row of terminals aligned with a first side of the slot and the second row of terminals aligned with a second side of the slot.
The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. In the drawings:
The inventors have recognized various challenges in producing electrical connectors, such as mated plug and receptacle connectors, with low insertion loss to pass signals between PCBs while occupying a small volume. Low insertion loss is desirable in that it facilitates signals traveling the full path between interconnected PCBs without significant impact on signal integrity. However, it is a challenge to design a connector that provides low insertion loss while meeting other requirements, such as occupying a small volume. For example, a connector having a small volume may have signal terminal pairs positioned in a high density configuration, which may cause high levels of cross-talk between adjacent signal terminal pairs. The high levels of cross-talk between adjacent signal terminal pairs may result in loss of signal energy to the adjacent signal terminal pairs. Additionally, insertion loss may be increased due to exciting undesired electromagnetic propagation modes in the connector.
To overcome these challenges, the inventors have developed an electrical connector including at least one conductive plastic member inside or on an insulative body of the connector which facilitate the connector having desirable electrical properties while also having a small volume. For example, the connector may include first and second sets of signal and ground terminals separated by one or more conductive plastic members, with the one or more conductive plastic members electrically coupled to the ground terminals. The one or more conductive plastic members may facilitate low insertion loss in the connector, for example by damping cross-talk signals between adjacent terminal pairs, and by damping undesired electromagnetic propagation modes, thus reducing resonances within the operating frequency range of the connector and reducing leakage of signal energy into adjacent signal pairs or such undesired modes. The one or more conductive members may be at least partially lossy in order to adequately increase signal integrity, but may not dissipate a substantial amount of signal energy, preserving low insertion loss in the connector. Thus, conductive plastic members may be included in a connector to achieve desirable electrical properties in the connector.
An additional challenge is manufacturing an electrical connector having a small volume with a high degree of precision and without damaging the connector. Connectors are often manufactured at high volume in an automated process having a limited degree of precision and applying forces which may damage small parts if not properly aligned.
Accordingly, the inventors have developed an electrical connector having one or more conductive plastic members which is more easily manufactured by providing specialized conductive plastic members configured for inserting within an electrical connector. For example, terminal subassemblies (e.g. for supporting signal and grounding terminals of the connector) may comprise spaces for receiving parts of the conductive plastic members. Accordingly, when the conductive plastic members are inserted into or mounted onto an insulative body of the connector, the conductive plastic members may be easily positioned and combined with the terminal subassemblies to align with and contact grounding terminals of the connector.
According to a first embodiment, a connector is provided with at least one conductive plastic member arranged in an insulative body, the connector comprising an insulative body, a terminal subassembly, with a plurality of signal terminals, a plurality of grounding terminals. The insulative body may have a mating interface at a front side thereof. The mating interface may include an accommodation space into which a mating component may be inserted. The terminal subassembly may include an insulative seat body. Signal terminals and grounding terminals may be held by the insulative seat body in the terminal subassembly. The terminal subassembly may be inserted into a cavity in the insulative body so as to assemble a connector 1. When assembled, front ends of the signal terminals and the grounding terminals will be exposed in the accommodation space for contacting terminals of the mating component. The mating component, for example, may be a paddle card of a plug connector or a printed circuit board of other configuration. Rear ends of the signal terminals and the grounding terminals may pass through the terminal subassembly and extend from a rear end of the insulative body. The conductive plastic members can be arranged in the terminal subassembly, and can extend towards the grounding terminals while being insulated from the signal terminals, such that the connector can have a more stable performance during high-frequency and high-speed transmission.
In some embodiments, the terminal subassembly is assembled from a first seat body and a second seat body. Sides of the seat bodies facing each other are respectively recessed with an assembly space, so that the conductive plastic members can be accommodated in the assembly space, and thus, the conductive plastic members can more be conveniently inserted in the terminal subassembly, enabling the connector to be assembled with or without the conductive plastic members.
In some embodiments, the conductive plastic members are provided with a plurality of extension parts, with each of the extension parts extending towards the corresponding grounding terminal. The extension parts may be electrically coupled to the grounding terminals, such as by physically contact or with such a small separation that there is capacitive coupling. The body of the conductive plastic member may be separated, by at least the length of the extension parts, from the signal terminals such that the occurrence of a short circuit, caused by the signal terminals inadvertently touching the conductive plastic members, can be prevented.
According to a second embodiment a connector is provided with at least one conductive plastic member, the connector comprising an insulative body, a first terminal subassembly including a plurality of signal terminals and a plurality of grounding terminals, and a second terminal subassembly. Either or both of the terminal subassemblies may include a conductive plastic member(s). Components of the connector of the second embodiment may be similar to corresponding components of the connector of the first embodiment, with the first terminal subassembly of the second embodiment corresponding to the terminal subassembly of the first embodiment. The second terminal subassembly can include the conductive plastic member(s) attached to the first terminal subassembly, with at least a partial region thereof exposed outside the first terminal subassembly. The conductive plastic member(s) can extend towards the grounding terminals while being insulated from the signal terminals, so that the connector can have a more stable performance during high-frequency and high-speed transmission.
Conductive plastic member 16 (as well as at least one conductive plastic member 26 described in connection with
Electrically lossy materials typically have a bulk conductivity of about 1 Siemen/meter to about 100,000 Siemens/meter and preferably about 1 Siemen/meter to about 10,000 Siemens/meter. In some embodiments material with a bulk conductivity of between about 10 Siemens/meter and about 200 Siemens/meter may be used. As a specific example, material with a conductivity of about 50 Siemens/meter may be used. However, it should be appreciated that the conductivity of the material may be selected empirically or through electrical simulation using known simulation tools to determine a suitable conductivity that provides both a suitably low crosstalk with a suitably low signal path attenuation or insertion loss.
Electrically lossy materials may be partially conductive materials, such as those that have a surface resistivity between 1 Ω/square and 100,000 Ω/square. In some embodiments, the electrically lossy material has a surface resistivity between 10 Ω/square and 1000 Ω/square. As a specific example, the material may have a surface resistivity of between about 20 Ω/square and 80 Ω/square.
In some embodiments, electrically lossy material is formed by adding to a binder a filler that contains conductive particles. In such an embodiment, a lossy member may be formed by molding or otherwise shaping the binder with filler into a desired form. Examples of conductive particles that may be used as a filler to form an electrically lossy material include carbon or graphite formed as fibers, flakes, nanoparticles, or other types of particles. Metal in the form of powder, flakes, fibers or other particles may also be used to provide suitable electrically lossy properties. Alternatively, combinations of fillers may be used. For example, metal plated carbon particles may be used. Silver and nickel are suitable metal plating for fibers. Coated particles may be used alone or in combination with other fillers, such as carbon flake. The binder or matrix may be any material that will set, cure, or can otherwise be used to position the filler material. In some embodiments, the binder may be a thermoplastic material traditionally used in the manufacture of electrical connectors to facilitate the molding of the electrically lossy material into the desired shapes and locations as part of the manufacture of the electrical connector. Examples of such materials include liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and nylon. However, many alternative forms of binder materials may be used. Curable materials, such as epoxies, may serve as a binder. Alternatively, materials such as thermosetting resins or adhesives may be used. Use of such materials enables the lossy material to be molded into a desired shape.
Also, while the above described binder materials may be used to create an electrically lossy material by forming a binder around conducting particle fillers, the application is not so limited. For example, conducting particles may be impregnated into a formed matrix material or may be coated onto a formed matrix material, such as by applying a conductive coating to a plastic component or a metal component. As used herein, the term “binder” encompasses a material that encapsulates the filler, is impregnated with the filler or otherwise serves as a substrate to hold the filler.
Preferably, the fillers will be present in a sufficient volume percentage to allow conducting paths to be created from particle to particle. For example, when metal fiber is used, the fiber may be present in about 3% to 40% by volume. The amount of filler may impact the conducting properties of the material.
Filled materials may be purchased commercially, such as materials sold under the trade name Celestran® by Celanese Corporation which can be filled with carbon fibers or stainless steel filaments. A lossy material, such as lossy conductive carbon filled adhesive preform, such as those sold by Techfilm of Billerica, Mass., US may also be used. This preform can include an epoxy binder filled with carbon fibers and/or other carbon particles. The binder surrounds carbon particles, which act as a reinforcement for the preform. Such a preform may be inserted in a connector to form a conductive plastic member. In some embodiments, the preform may adhere through the adhesive in the preform, which may be cured in a heat treating process. In some embodiments, the adhesive may take the form of a separate conductive or non-conductive adhesive layer. In some embodiments, the adhesive in the preform alternatively or additionally may be used to secure one or more conductive elements, such as foil strips, to the lossy material.
Various forms of reinforcing fiber, in woven or non-woven form, coated or non-coated may be used. Non-woven carbon fiber is one suitable material. Other suitable materials, such as custom blends as sold by RTP Company, can be employed, as the present invention is not limited in this respect.
In some embodiments, a conductive plastic member may be manufactured by stamping a preform or sheet of lossy plastic material. For example, an insert may be formed by stamping a preform as described above with an appropriate pattern of openings. However, other materials may be used instead of or in addition to such a preform. A sheet of ferromagnetic material, for example, may be used.
However, conductive plastic members also may be formed in other ways. In some embodiments, a conductive plastic member may be formed by interleaving layers of lossy and conductive material such as metal foil. These layers may be rigidly attached to one another, such as through the use of epoxy or other adhesive, or may be held together in any other suitable way. The layers may be of the desired shape before being secured to one another or may be stamped or otherwise shaped after they are held together.
Referring to
The insulative body 11 may have a mating interface 110 at a front side thereof and an accommodation space 111 therein. The mating interface 110 includes an accommodation space 111. In the embodiment, two inner sides of accommodation space 111, bounded by the insulative body 11 may include a plurality of terminal slots 114 that open into the accommodation space 111. However, in some embodiments, the insulative body 11 may not include the terminal slots 114.
With reference to
In the embodiment, with reference to
One side of the first seat body 12A may be recessed with a first assembly space 121, and a corresponding side of the second seat body 12B may be recessed with a second assembly space 122. The conductive plastic member(s) 16 can be accommodated between the first assembly space 121 and the second assembly space 122, such that when the first seat body 12A is integrated with the second seat body 12B, the conductive plastic member(s) 16 can be fixed in the terminal subassembly 12. However, in accordance with other embodiments, the terminal subassembly 12 can include a single insulative seat body or three or more seat bodies according to production or design requirements.
Additionally, in the embodiment, with reference to
The conductive plastic member(s) 16 may be fixed onto the terminal subassembly 12 in the following manners:
(1) the conductive plastic member(s) 16 can be first molded in the first assembly space 121 of the first seat body 12A in an injection molding manner, and then portions of the conductive plastic member(s) 16 beyond the first assembly space 121 (as shown in
(2) the conductive plastic member(s) 16 can be separate assemblies, and the separate conductive plastic member(s) 16 can be engaged into the corresponding assembly spaces 121 and 122 of the first seat body 12A and the second seat body 12B by means of a machine or in a manual manner; or
(3) Multiple conductive plastic members 16 can be respectively molded in the corresponding assembly spaces 121 and 122 of the first seat body 12A and the second seat body 12B (e.g., two conductive plastic members 16) in an injection molding manner, and then, the first seat body 12A may be combined with the second seat body 12B so that the conductive plastic members 16 contact one another between the first seat body 12A and the second seat body 12B.
Referring to
Referring to
With reference to
One side of the first seat body 22A may be recessed with a first assembly space 221, and a corresponding side of the second seat body 22B may be recessed with a second assembly space 222. The conductive plastic member(s) 26 can be accommodated between the first assembly space 221 and the second assembly space 222, such that a side of the conductive plastic member(s) 26 can be exposed outside the first terminal assembly 22, and thus, when the first seat body 22A is integrated with the second seat body 22B, the conductive plastic member(s) 26 can be fixed with the first terminal subassembly 22. However, in some embodiments, the first terminal subassembly 22 can be composed of a single assembly or more than three assemblies. Both the first terminal subassembly 22 and the insulative body 21 can be integrally molded to shorten the production process, while maintaining the described relationship among the signal terminals 23, the grounding terminals 24, and the conductive plastic member(s) 26 with respect to the insulative body 21.
Additionally, in the embodiment, with reference to
(1) the conductive plastic member(s) 26 can be first molded in the first assembly space 221 of the first seat body 22A in an injection molding manner, and then portions of the conductive plastic member(s) 26 beyond the first assembly space 221 (as shown in
(2) the conductive plastic members 26 can be separate assemblies, and the conductive plastic members 26 can be engaged into the corresponding assembly spaces 221 and 222 of the first seat body 22A and the second seat body 22B by means of a machine or in a manual manner; or
(3) multiple conductive plastic members 26 can be respectively molded in the corresponding assembly spaces 221 and 222 of the first seat body 22A and the second seat body 22B (e.g., two conductive plastic members 26) in an injection molding manner, and then, the first seat body 22A may be combined with the second seat body 22B so that the conductive plastic members 26 in the first seat body 22A and the second seat body 22B can abut against one another integrally.
With reference to
Referring to
In other embodiments, the signal and ground terminals may have the same structure, but may be differentiated by position within a row, with pairs of terminals being signal pairs and adjacent terminals being ground terminals so as to create a repeating pattern of terminals, such as Ground-Signal-Signal. Alternatively or additionally ground terminals and signal terminals may be differentiated by manner of mounting in a terminal subassembly, such as by proximity to a lossy member or configuration of insulative material adjacent to the terminal.
Having thus described several aspects various embodiments, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
For example, instead of or in addition to lossy materials formed of conductors in a binder, materials that are electrically lossy because they absorb magnetic energy may be used in some embodiments.
For example, the structure of the conductive plastic members 16 and/or 26 may vary according to the actual shape of the terminal subassembly 12 or 22. Therefore, the conductive plastic members 16 and 26 may differ from as illustrated in
For example, the number of terminal subassemblies may be greater or less than as described herein.
For example, connectors 1 and 2 may not include the metal casing 15 or 25, or the metal casing 15 or 25 may be integrated with an outer casing or another mechanism of a product. Such structures equivalent to the metal casing 15 or 25 may be included.
Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Further, though advantages of the present disclosure are indicated, it should be appreciated that not every embodiment will include every described advantage. Some embodiments may not implement any features described as advantageous herein and in some instances. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.
Various aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or in a variety of arrangements not specifically discussed in the embodiments described in the foregoing and is therefore not limited in its application to the details and arrangement of components set forth in the foregoing description or illustrated in the drawings. For example, aspects described in one embodiment may be combined in any manner with aspects described in other embodiments.
Also, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied as a method, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.
Use of ordinal terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed, but are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements.
All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.
The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified.
The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.
Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 106218121 | Dec 2017 | TW | national |
| 107200079 | Jan 2018 | TW | national |
