The present invention relates to a cold rolled steel sheet having high strength and excellent in the property of the chemical conversion treatment such as phosphate treatment.
Recently, from viewpoint of improvement of fuel economy accompanying weight reduction and reduction of exhaust gas of automobiles and the like, further higher strengthening of a steel is required, and with regard, particularly, to a cold rolled steel sheet, hi-ten-ization (high strengthening) has been progressing rapidly. To effect high strengthening by adding alloy elements is common against such a requirement, however, there comes up a problem that chemical conversion treatment property lowers if adding amount of alloy elements is increased. Mo, among them, is commonly used as an element to increase the strength because ductility reduction is little although it has a high effect in increasing the strength. However, if Mo is added to steel, a new problem comes up that natural potential of the steel sheet in the chemical conversion treatment liquid gains to noble direction and chemical conversion treatment property is extremely deteriorated.
So, several methods are also proposed to improve chemical conversion treatment property while the aim of increasing the strength by adding alloy elements being satisfied.
In the patent document 1, for example, a method to improve chemical conversion treatment property by controlling the regulation degree parameter representing the regularity of the roughness of the steel sheet surface to 0.25 or less is disclosed. The object of the control in this case is that of 340 MPa class or below belonging to a low-carbon Al-killed steel, and this technology scarcely exerts its effect for Mo-added steel which the present invention attends to in particular. Also, to secure a high strength steel sheet, utilization of alloy elements having a strengthening action such as Si and Mn becomes a useful measure. However, those alloy elements generate surface oxide in the annealing process after cold rolling, therefore chemical conversion treatment property cannot be improved by adjusting the regulation degree parameter of the roughness of the surface only, as far as the surface oxide is not controlled.
Also, in the patent document 2, lowering of chemical conversion treatment property is prevented by forming an iron coat of approximately 20-1,500 mg/M2 on the surface of the high strength cold rolled steel sheet and inhibiting the influence of the alloy element densified on the steel sheet surface and the selective oxidation layer. However, in this method, an electric plating process becomes necessary to form the iron coat, and problems of productivity and cost come up.
On the other hand, the present inventors developed a technology to effectively utilize the oxide generated on the steel sheet surface as a generating site of nuclei of phosphate crystal by controlling the shape of the oxide and to improve chemical conversion treatment property, and proposed previously as the patent document 3.
Under the situations as described above, the present invention aims to provide the high strength cold rolled steel sheet as is capable of exerting excellent chemical conversion treatment property stably even in the cold rolled steel sheet with Mo being added aiming high strengthening, as well as in the high strength cold rolled steel sheet with Mo not being included.
The high strength cold rolled steel sheet in relation with the present invention which could solve the problems described above is the high strength cold rolled steel sheet excellent in chemical conversion treatment property having the tensile strength of 390 MPa or above, for example, and 780 MPa level or above, wherein:
the required conditions of the maximum depth (Ry) of the unevenness existing on the surface of the steel sheet of 10 μm or more and the average spacing (Sm) of the unevenness of 30 μm or less are satisfied; out of two required conditions
The constituent component of the steel sheet described above in relation with the present invention can be changed optionally with response to the required strength, which preferably is steel satisfying, C:0.05-1.0%, Si:2% or below, Mn:0.3-4.0%, Al:0.005-3.0% as a basic component, preferably further including Mo:0.02-1.0% for high strengthening, or, if needed, further containing at least one kind of element selected from a group consisting Cr:1.0% or less, Ti:0.2% or less, Nb:0.l% or less, V:0.1% or less, Cu:1.0% or less, Ni:1.0% or less, B:0.002% or less, Ca:0.005% or less, and the balance comprising iron with inevitable impurities.
Also, the strength level of the high strength cold rolled steel sheet in relation with the present invention cannot be decided uniformly because it changes according to the use and the purpose, but the common strength level is that having the tensile strength of 390 MPa or above, more preferably 780 MPa or above. The preferable metal structure of the steel sheet satisfying such strength level and chemical conversion treatment property is a) one having two-phase structure of ferrite and tempered martensite, and b) one having complex structure of 5-80 area % of ferrite, 5-80 area % of bainite, with total amount of ferrite and bainite being 75 area % or more, and retained austenite being 5 area % or more.
According to the present invention, chemical conversion treatment property can be remarkably improved by stipulating the maximum depth (Ry) of unevenness existing on the surface of the cold rolled steel sheet and the average spacing (Sm) of the unevenness and stipulating the load length ratio (tp40) of the unevenness of the surface and/or the difference between the load length ratios (tp40) and (tp60), further by specifying the width and the depth of cracks, excellent chemical conversion treatment property is assured even in not only the cold rolled steel sheet not containing Mo but in the high strength cold rolled steel sheet with Mo, which deteriorates chemical conversion treatment property, being contained by an appropriate amount for high strengthening, and the cold rolled steel sheet having both strength and chemical conversion treatment property can be provided at low cost.
Under the problems to be solved such as those described above, the present inventors have diligently proceeded with the research to improve the problem of deterioration of chemical conversion treatment property by Mo addition, with the object of the cold rolled steel sheet in particular to which Mo was added as a measure of high strengthening.
As a result of it, it was found out that, if the maximum depth (Ry) of the unevenness of the surface of the cold rolled steel sheet was specified as “10 μm or more” and the average spacing (Sm) of the unevenness was specified as “30 μm or less”, and the load length ratio (tp40) of the unevenness of the surface was adjusted to 20% or less, and/or the difference of the load length ratios of the unevenness (tp60) and (tp40) [(tp60)−(tp40)] was adjusted to 60% or more, and further, the width and the depth of a crack existing on the surface were specified, deterioration of chemical conversion treatment property was inhibited even in not only the cold rolled steel sheet not containing Mo but in the cold rolled steel sheet with an appropriate amount of Mo being added aiming further high strengthening, and the cold rolled steel sheet having both excellent chemical conversion treatment property and strength could be secured.
The maximum depth (Ry) described above of the unevenness of the surface stipulated in the present invention means the spacing between the highest peak top (Rt) and the deepest valley bottom (Rb) of the surface roughness curve as is exemplarily exhibited in
And it was confirmed that one, with the maximum depth (Ry) of the unevenness of the surface described above was “10 μm or more”, the average spacing (Sm) was “30 μm or less”, and the load length ratio of the unevenness of the surface (tp40) described above was 20% or less, and/or the difference of the load length ratios (tp60) and (tp40) [(tp60)−(tp40)] was 60% or more, and further, the crack of 3 μm or less width and 5 μm or more depth did not exist on its surface, showed excellent chemical conversion treatment property stably, even if it was not only the steel not containing Mo but also the cold rolled steel sheet containing appropriate amount of Mo.
In the present invention, it is considered that as the maximum depth (Ry) of the unevenness of the surface is relatively deep and the average spacing (Sm) of the unevenness is relatively small as described above, the unevenness of the surface is fine and deep and the function as a nuclei forming site of zinc phosphate crystal is enhanced, zinc phosphate crystal becomes easily formed and grown in the whole face, and chemical conversion treatment property is enhanced.
Also, “20% or less” (that is, relatively small) of the load length ratio (tp40) of the unevenness of the surface described above means that the region (area) of the recessed concave part is relatively more than that of the convex part projected to the surface, the concave part becomes the nuclei forming site of zinc phosphate crystal and promotes formation and growth of zinc phosphate crystal similarly, and further, “60% or more” of the difference of the load length ratios (tp60) and (tp40) [(tp60)−(tp40)] described above (that is, the difference of tp60 and tp40 is relatively large) indicates that the slope extending from the top part of the convex part to the bottom part of the concave part has not the straight shaped slant face toward the bottom part direction but is recessed in a curved shape, the slant face part recessed in the curved shape promotes formation and growth of zinc phosphate crystal by functioning as a crystal depositing site, and it is considered that the above contributes to further improvement of chemical conversion treatment property.
In addition, in the present invention, as further other surface property of the surface of the steel sheet, it is necessary that the crack of 3 μm or less width and 5 μm or more depth does not exist. This crack is what is confirmed by observing the sectional face near the surface of the steel sheet at optional 10 fields of view by SEM photograph by 2,000 times, and if such a sharp crack exists on the surface of the steel sheet, zinc phosphate crystal becomes hard to be attached to the portion during chemical conversion treatment, and securing of satisfactory chemical conversion treatment property becomes impossible. Consequently, non-existence of the sharp crack of the width and depth as described above becomes an important required condition in securing excellent chemical conversion treatment property.
Anyway, in the present invention, as will be disclosed in the example described below, excellent chemical conversion treatment property could be secured stably by, in addition to setting the maximum depth (Ry) of the unevenness of the surface described above as “10 μm or more” and the average spacing (Sm) as “30 μm or less”, by stipulating the load length ratio (tp40), which had not been recognized at all from the viewpoint of chemical conversion treatment property so far, as “20% or less”, and/or the difference of the load length ratios (tp60) and (tp40) [(tp60)−(tp40)] as “60% or more”, and further, by stipulating the crack of 3 μm or less width and 5 μm or more depth was not to exist.
What is more preferable for improving chemical conversion treatment property is the one wherein the average spacing (Sm) is 20 μm or less, the load length ratio (tp40) is 15% or less, the difference of the load length ratios [(tp60)−(tp40)] is 70% or more, and the crack of 3 μm or less width and 5 μm or more depth does not exist. Also, although the value of the load length ratio (tp60) is not specifically stipulated, for improving chemical conversion treatment property, it is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more.
By securing the surface property as described above, phosphate crystal deposited on the surface of the steel sheet by chemical conversion treatment becomes more fine one, and P ratio, that is the ratio of Phosphophyllite (P) and Hopeite (H) (P/P+H), which is an index of the soundness of phosphate, gets more closer to 1, and chemical conversion treatment property improves. Also, in Mo added steel, although chemical conversion treatment property deteriorates because the natural potential in the chemical conversion treatment liquid gains to noble direction, by securing such surface property as described above, excellent chemical conversion treatment property, more than made up for deterioration of chemical conversion treatment property by Mo, can be secured.
Although the method for securing the cold rolled steel sheet of the surface property as described above is not particularly limited, according to the experiment of the present inventors, it has been confirmed that it was possible to getting close to the surface property described above by performing strong acid pickling after annealing.
For a cold rolled steel sheet, while there is a case acid pickling is not performed being left as it is after annealing, there is also a case acid pickling is performed to remove oxide formed on the surface of the steel sheet during heating and water quenching. Although the acid pickling of the case is performed usually using hydrochloric acid aqueous solution of approximately 3-7 wt % at approximately 40-80 degree C. for approximately 5-20 seconds, to secure the surface property described above which the present invention intends, it can be accomplished by setting the density of hydrochloric acid of acid pickling liquid rather high, the acid pickling temperature rather high, or the acid pickling time rather long. More specifically, it has been confirmed that, when hydrochloric acid density of acid pickling liquid is made A (%), acid pickling temperature is made B (degree C.), acid pickling time (dipping time) is made C (second), if controlled so that these satisfy the relation of equation (I) below
(for example, 11% HCl-80 degree C.-30 seconds, 15% HCl-80 degree C.-20 seconds, 16% HCl-85 degree C.-15 seconds, and the like), the surface property as described previously becomes easily secured.
Further, although the sharp crack generated on the surface of the steel sheet is considered to be generated by acid resolving or mechanical dropping out of a linear compound including a Si oxide formed during hot rolling and continuous annealing, it has been confirmed that if acid pickling was performed in the strong acid pickling condition as described above, the unevenness of the surface was relaxed and the sharp cracks inhibiting chemical conversion treatment property almost disappeared.
Because this steel sheet is excellent in chemical conversion treatment property, it is especially suited to use of the structural parts of automobiles wherein the steel sheet containing alloy elements much is used. It is suitably used for vehicle body constituting parts such as, for example, a side member of front and rear part and a colliding part such as a crash box and the like, as well as pillar kinds such as a center pillar reinforce and the like, a roof rail reinforce, side sills, a floor member, kick parts.
Next, the reasons preferable composition of the steel used in the present invention was stipulated are as described below.
C: 0.05-1.0%
Si: 2.0% or less (inclusive of 0%)
Mn: 0.3-4.0%
Al: 0.005-3.0%
Al+Si: 1.0-4.0%
Mo: 1.0% or less
The constituting elements of the steel used in the present invention are as described above, and the balance substantially is Fe. Here, “substantially” means that containing of inevitable impurity element possibly mixed in the steel material or its production process is allowed, or that other elements may further allowed to be contained by a small amount as far as it does not inhibit action effects of each component element described previously. With regard to such inevitable impurity elements, P, S, N, O and the like can be exemplarily given, and with regard to other elements, Cr, Ti, Nb, V, Cu, Ni, B, Ca and the like are exemplarily exhibited. However, if excessive, these elements more or less deteriorate ductility and surface property, and exert adverse influence on chemical conversion treatment property, therefore they should be controlled to 1.0% or less Cr, 0.2% or less Ti, 0.1% or less Nb, 0.1% or less V, 1.0% or less Cu, 1.0% or less Ni, 0.002% or less B, 0.005% or less Ca respectively.
Also, the strength of the cold rolled steel sheet in relation with the present invention can be adjusted to optional strength of 390 MPa level or above, or further 780 MPa level or above, by changing the percentage content of C, Si, Mn, Mo and the like according to usage.
In addition, in case the cold rolled steel sheet of 780 MPa class or above is required, it is preferable, to slowly cool down to a predetermined ultimate slow cooling temperature (occasionally called quenching starting temperature, usually 350-750 degree C.) after heating to a temperature above Ac1 transformation point in continuous annealing after cold rolling, thereafter to perform quenching by a variety of methods (water cooling, gas blowing, cooling by water cooled roll heat reduction, mist cooling, and the like), and further to perform tempering treatment at a temperature of approximately 150-550 degree C., thereby the metal structure to be made a two-phase structure of ferrite-tempered martensite. The preferable content ratio of the two-phase structure is in the range of ferrite: 5-95%, tempered martensite: 5-95% in terms of percentage of area occupying in the longitudinal cross-sectional structure.
Alternately, it is desirable, to use steel material whose steel constitution satisfies Si: 0.1-2.0%, Al: 0.01-3.0% and (Si+Al) being 1.0-4.0%, to cool down, after heating to a temperature above Ac1 transformation point in continuous annealing after cold rolling, to a predetermined ultimate slow cooling temperature (150-600 degree C., for example), and to hold in the temperature range for approximately 60 seconds or more, thereby to make complex structure comprising ferrite-bainite-retained austenite.
The preferable content ratio of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite in the case of the complex structure, in terms of percentage of area occupying in the longitudinal cross-sectional structure likewise, is in the range of ferrite: 5-80% (preferably 30% or more), bainite: 5-80% (preferably 50% or less), retained austenite: 5% or more. It is preferable that the total content of ferrite and bainite is made to 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and its upper limit is controlled by the balance with the retained austenite amount.
Also, “ferrite” described above means polygonal ferrite, that is, ferrite of low dislocation density, and is the structure contributing particularly to ductility, whereas bainite is the structure contributing particularly to strength, and for balancing strength and ductility, the metal structure described above becomes to have an important meaning in the present invention.
The present invention is constituted as above, whereby it has become possible that chemical conversion treatment property has been improved with a high strength cold rolled steel sheet being made to an object, particularly that, even in the high strength cold rolled steel sheet added with Mo, which is useful as a strengthening element, deterioration of chemical conversion treatment property, that had been pointed out as a practical problem accompanying addition of Mo, has been prevented by appropriately controlling the surface property, and that cold rolled steel sheet having both high strength and excellent chemical conversion treatment property has been provided.
Although the present invention will be explained below further specifically referring to examples, the present invention intrinsically is not to be limited by the examples below, and can of course be implemented with modifications added appropriately within the scope adaptable to the purposes described previously and later, and any of them is to be included within the technical range of the present invention.
Steel 1-29 of chemical component exhibited in Table 1 exhibited below was molten and slab was produced by casting. After this slab is heated to a temperature of Ac3 point or above, is hot rolled to 3.2 mm thickness under the condition exhibited in Table 2, and cold rolled to 1.4 mm thickness after acid pickling. Then, cold rolled steel sheet was obtained by performing acid pickling treatment under the condition exhibited in Tables 3, 4 after heating and annealing. A summary of the heat patterns adopted in this experiment is exhibited in
The mechanical properties and observation results of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the cold rolled steel sheets obtained were both exhibited in Table 2. Also, with regard to the cross-sectional structure, identification and area rate of the structure were obtained by observation using an optical microscope at the magnification of 1,000 times after repeller corrosion of the longitudinal cross-section of the sample steel sheets. Also, retained austenite (γ) was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XDR).
The surface property of each cold rolled steel sheet obtained was observed by a laser microscope (made by Lasertec Corporation, Model “1LM21W”) using an objective lens of 50 times, the average spacing (Sm), the maximum depth (Ry), the values of the load length ratio (tp40) and (tp60) and its difference of the unevenness of the surface was obtained on 10 spots selected at random by scanning the area of 0.16 mm×0.22 mm per one spot, presence or absence of cracks on the surface of each sample by the method described below was confirmed, and further, chemical conversion treatment property was evaluated by the method described below. The results are exhibited together in Tables 3, 4.
Confirmation of Cracks:
Chemical Conversion Treatment Property:
Criteria
Based on lack of hiding and particle diameter as well as P ratio described above, judgment was totally evaluated as described below.
From Tables 1-4 exhibited above, it is possible to consider as follows.
Although Experiment Nos. 1, 6 are comparative examples wherein both tp40 and (tp60-tp40) of load length ratio are deviated from the stipulated required condition of the present invention, extreme deterioration of chemical conversion treatment property is not recognized because Mo is not added.
Because Mo is included in the steel material in Experiment Nos. 12, 16 and both tp4O and (tp60-tp40) of load length ratio are deviated from the stipulated required condition of the present invention, chemical conversion treatment property inhibiting action by Mo appears extremely, and both are poor in chemical conversion treatment property.
Because both tp40 and (tp60-tp40) of load length ratio in Experiment No. 22 are deviated from the stipulated required condition of the present invention and the maximum depth Ry of the unevenness of the surface does not reach the stipulated value, chemical conversion treatment property is poor.
Because both tp40 and (tp60-tp40) of load length ratio in Experiment Nos. 28, 29 are deviated from the stipulated required condition of the present invention and narrow and deep crack exists on the surface, chemical conversion treatment property is poor.
Because the average spacing Sm of the unevenness of the surface in Experiment No. 46 exceeds the stipulated value, and the maximum depth Ry of the unevenness of the surface in Experiment No. 48 does not reach the stipulated value, both are poor in chemical conversion treatment property. Also, in Experiment No. 50, although the surface property of the steel sheet is good, Mo content in steel is excessive, therefore chemical conversion treatment property is poor.
Contrary to them, in ones other than the pointed out examples described above, not only the steel kind with Mo not being added but also the one with Mo of an appropriate amount being added for high strengthening satisfy the stipulated required conditions of the surface property stipulated in the present invention, therefore all have secured excellent chemical conversion treatment property.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2006-098081 | Mar 2006 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/JP2007/056887 | 3/29/2007 | WO | 00 | 7/31/2008 |