Patent Application
20200363177
The present invention is directed to firearm cartridges for improving safety, reliability, and performance.
In order to maintain their proficiency with various types of firearms, military personnel, law enforcement officers and hunters frequently engage in target practice. In the sport of hunting, marksmanship is practiced so that a shot can be carefully placed to ensure a quick, clean and humane kill. For military personnel, good marksmanship may make the difference between victory and defeat in battlefield situations. Target practice is often performed at a shooting range with several dozens or hundreds of cartridges being fired at each practice session. The expense involved in firing so many rounds can be mitigated by using a firearm that fires 22 caliber long rifle rimfire ammunition. 22 caliber long rifle rimfire ammunition is extremely popular for target shooting, plinking, and small game hunting due to its low cost and generally high performance. A vast array of handguns and rifles accept 22 caliber long rifle rimfire ammunition, including single shot rifles, bolt action rifles, and semi-automatic rifles. Millions of 22 caliber rifles have been manufactured to use this ammunition.
Certain jurisdictions have restrictions in place or planned relating to lead ammunition. Lead-free bullets are known such as copper particle bullets with polymer binders.
In embodiments, a .22 caliber rimfire cartridge includes a generally cylindrical casing having a rearward rimfire end and an opposing mouth end, wherein the rearward rimfire end has an annular rim connecting to a cylindrical casing portion extending to a casing forward edge and a bullet is disposed in the forward mouth end. In embodiments, the bullet comprises copper and a polymer binder. In embodiments, the bullet has a forward tapering portion with a central cavity, a first cylindrical portion with a first diameter and a cylindrical surface directly rearward of the tapering portion, a cylindrical driving band directly rearward of the first cylindrical portion, the cylindrical driving band having a second diameter greater than the first diameter and having an outer second cylindrical surface, a third cylindrical portion directly rearward of the cylindrical driving band, the third cylindrical portion having a third cylindrical surface with a diameter equal to the first diameter. In embodiments, the bullet is positioned with the third cylindrical surface mostly or entirely within the casing. In embodiments, the casing has a circumferential crimp positioned at the third circumferential portion. In embodiments, the third circumferential surface having a circumferential indentation at the circumferential crimp. In embodiments, rimfire cartridges have a leaded projectile or bullet without a jacket; or a jacketed projectile or bullet. In embodiments, the bullet is composed of lead. In embodiments, the bullet comprises a core and a jacket, wherein the jacket at least partially surround the core. In embodiments, the core composition is selected from zinc, tin, lead, copper powder, and iron powder. In embodiments, the jacket composition is selected from copper, brass plated steel, brass, plated steel, and a polymer.
The above summary of the various representative embodiments of the invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the invention. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art can appreciate and understand the principles and practices of the invention. The Figures in the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
The invention can be completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been depicted by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Nonlead bullets with metal particles are significantly less dense than lead bullets and therefore lighter such that similar sized non-lead bullets are capable of firing at greater velocities utilizing similar propellant loads as cartridges with heavier lead bullets. Such lightweight bullets are more rigid and accordingly do not deform as readily as lead bullets. The inventors have determined that the light weight metal and polymer bullets do not consistently obturate and seal as effectively as lead bullets in firearm barrels, and further that such bullets do not secure in the mouths of casings as well as lead bullets. Moreover, the inventors have discovered that such cartridges with lightweight metal/polymer bullets, particularly copper particles in polymer matrix, particularly 22 caliber cartridges, that are designed to provide bullet kinetic energy comparable to high performance 22 caliber lead bullets, are highly sensitive to common variables involved in conventional cartridge manufacturing. Applicants have observed that such sensitivity results in variable performance of cartridges, the variability much worse than cartridges with lead bullets. Moreover, applicants have discovered that such variability is particularly problematic in firearms that utilize blow back from the cartridges for cycling the firearm, such as popular semi-automatic 22 caliber rifles. The variability in performance results in an unacceptable high scrap rate of manufactured cartridges and/or jamming in semi-automatic 22 caliber firearms.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge having a crimped portion that provides increase friction between the casing and the projectile of the cartridge. A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge having a crimped portion that provides higher release pressure of a joint between the casing and the projectile of the cartridge.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 in which the casing 102 and the projectile 114 are deformed to create an interlocking feature thereby increasing bullet push and pull forces with or without the addition of a case mouth crimp 126.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 having increased bullet push/pull forces that allow use of slower burning propellants to provide minimal risk of partial ignitions resulting in off sounds and high pressure/velocity ranges with lead-free light weight (<32 grains) bullets 114.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 containing a slower burning propellant, the cartridge 100 being configured to generate sufficient gas pressure, upon ignition of the propellant, for operation of a blow back reloading mechanism of a rimfire rifle or handgun.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 having a crimped portion 126 that provides increase friction between the casing 102 and the projectile 114 of the cartridge 100. In embodiments, a bullet pull force required to separate the projectile 114 from the casing 102 is greater than 70 lbs. In embodiments, a bullet pull force required to separate the projectile 114 from the casing 102 is greater than 72 lbs. In embodiments, a bullet pull force required to separate the projectile 114 from the casing 102 is greater than 75 lbs.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 having a crimped portion 126 that provides higher release pressure of a joint between the casing 102 and the projectile 114 of the cartridge 100.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 in which the casing 102 and the projectile 114 are deformed to create an interlocking feature thereby increasing bullet push and pull forces with or without the addition of a case mouth crimp 126.
A feature and advantage of one or more embodiments is a projectile 114 that addresses environmental concerns regarding lead by providing a projectile 114 that is free of lead. A feature and advantage of one or more embodiments is a lead-free projectile 114 having a driving band 126.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 including a light weight lead-free projectile 114 weighing less than a lead projectile of the same size (e.g., having the same body volume). A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 including lead-free projectile 114 having a weight less than 32 grains. A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 including lead-free projectile 114 having a weight less than 29 grains. A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 including lead-free projectile 114 having a weight less than 26 grains. A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 including lead-free projectile 114 having a weight less than 23 grains.
The inventors associated with the instant application have conceived of a cartridge 100 having casing 102 that holds onto the projectile 114 longer, even when the cartridge 100 is fired from a sporting chambered rifle 20. In embodiments, the cartridge 100 allows a sporting rifle 20 to perform more like a match rifle.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge 100 including a retention mechanism that allows the cartridge casing to retain the cartridge projectile a fraction of a second longer than the same cartridge without the retention mechanism. Retaining the cartridge projectile a fraction of a second longer provides accuracy more like that of a match chambered rifle when the cartridge is being used in a sporting chambered rifle. A match chamber is typically used when maximum accuracy is desired. With a rifle having a match chamber, cartridges are typically individually loaded into the rifle (in other words, one-at-a-time). When each cartridge 100 is chambered, the projectile 114 engages the rifling in the barrel. The engagement between the projectile and the rifling causes a match rifle hold onto the projectile longer, upon ignition of the propellant, relative to a rifle with a sporting chamber. In a sporting chambered rifle 20, on the other hand, there may be a jump between the rifling and the chamber so that the projectile does not engage the rifling when a cartridge is chambered in the sporting rifle.
A sporting chamber may be used when a combination of convenience and accuracy is desired. In embodiments, a sporting chambered rifle 20 may be used in conjunction with removable magazines 134 that each hold a plurality of rimfire cartridges. The use of removable magazines 134 allows a plurality of cartridges 100 to be easily loaded into the firearm by inserting a single magazine 134 into the firearm. After each cartridge 100 is fired, a manually or automatically operated mechanism moves the bolt of the firearm backward and then forward again. The upper most cartridge 100 in the magazine 134 is pulled off of a stack of cartridges each time the mechanism cycles so that cartridges are fed one-by-one into the firing chamber of the firearm. Each magazine typically has an elongate housing defining a chamber with a spring-loaded follower slidably disposed therein. The force of the spring-loaded follower urges each cartridge 100 in the magazine 134 toward the upper most position in the where the bolt can push it into the firing chamber. When all of the cartridges 100 have been fired, the empty magazine 134 is removed from the firearm and a new magazine 134 is inserted in its place. The empty magazine 134 may then be refilled with cartridges 100.
A feature and benefit of embodiments is a process for manufacturing lots/batches of cartridges 100, wherein the cartridges 100 of each lot/batch exhibit more consistent ballistic characteristics when fired from sporting chambered rifle 20. In embodiments, the process provides lots/batches of cartridges 100 in which the cartridges 100 of each lot/batch exhibit a mean velocity greater than 1145 fps and a velocity standard deviation less than 145 fps when fired from a sporting chambered rifle 20. In embodiments, the process provides lots/batches of cartridges 100 in which the cartridges 100 of each lot/batch exhibit an average pressure greater than 18,000 psi and a pressure standard deviation less than 1000 psi when fired from a sporting chambered rifle 20.
A feature and benefit of embodiments is a crimping process for manufacturing lots/batches of crimped cartridges 100, wherein the crimped cartridges 100 of each lot/batch exhibit more consistent ballistic characteristics when fired from sporting chambered rifle 20 relative to un-crimped cartridges. In embodiments, the crimping process provides lots/batches of cartridges 100 in which the crimped cartridges having a crimped cartridge velocity standard deviation of a first value when fired from a sporting chambered rifle. For comparison, a lot/batch of un-crimped cartridges have an un-crimped cartridge velocity standard deviation of a second value when fired from a sporting chambered rifle. In embodiments, the ratio of the second value to the first value is greater than 2.0. In embodiments, the ratio of the second value to the first value is greater than 1.5. In embodiments, the ratio of the second value to the first value is greater than 2.5.
A feature and advantage of embodiments is a cartridge projectile having a driving band portion and a bore riding nose portion. In embodiments, the bore riding nose portion has an outer diameter selected to provide a snug fit into a corresponding rifle bore when the cartridge is chambered in the rifle. In certain embodiments, the diameter of the bore riding nose portion is the same as the bore. In other embodiments, the diameter of the bore riding nose portion is slightly less than the diameter of the bore. In still further embodiments, the diameter of the bore riding nose portion is slightly greater than the diameter of the bore. In embodiments, the cartridge is dimensioned and configured so that the bore riding nose portion contacts the rifling inside the rifle barrel when the cartridge is chambered in the match chambered rifle. In embodiments, the bore riding nose portion has an outer diameter selected so that and resistance of the bore riding nose portion engaging the rifling is easily overcome using force provided by the user's hands when the cartridge is chambered in the match chambered rifle having a bolt action and/or a single shot action. In embodiments, the cartridge is dimensioned and configured so that the bore riding nose portion does not contact the rifling inside the rifle barrel when the cartridge is chambered in a sporting chambered rifle. In embodiments, the cartridge is dimensioned and configured so that the driving band portion engages the rifling inside the rifle barrel after the cartridge is chambered in a sporting chambered rifle and the rifle is fired, igniting the cartridge propellant.
Certain embodiments herein are specifically addressed to projectiles from .15 caliber to .38 caliber. In embodiments, the cartridge has a .17 caliber projectile. In embodiments, the cartridge has a .22 caliber projectile.
In embodiments, rimfire cartridges have a lead-free projectile or bullet, a lead projectile or bullet; or a jacketed projectile or bullet.
Referring to
With a rifle having a match chamber, cartridges may be individually loaded into the rifle (in other words, one-at-a-time). When each cartridge is chambered, the projectile engages the rifling in the barrel. The engagement between the projectile and the rifling causes a match rifle hold onto the projectile longer, upon ignition of the propellant, relative to a rifle with a sporting chamber.
In a sporting rifle, there may be a jump between the rifling and the chamber so that the projectile does not engage the rifling when a cartridge is chambered in the sporting rifle.
The inventors associated with the instant application have conceived of a cartridge having casing that holds onto the projectile longer, even when the cartridge is fired from a sporting rifle. In embodiments, this cartridge allows a sporting rifle to perform more like a match rifle.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In embodiments, rimfire cartridges have a lead projectile or bullet without a jacket; or a jacketed projectile or bullet. For jacket-free lead projectiles or bullets, the projectile or bullet may appear the same as bullet 114 of
Referring to
Referring to
Various direction-indicating terms may be used herein as a convenient way to discuss the objects shown in the figures. It will be appreciated that many direction indicating terms are related to the instant orientation of the object being described. It will also be appreciated that the objects described herein may assume various orientations without deviating from the spirit and scope of this detailed description. Accordingly, direction-indicating terms such as “upwardly,” “downwardly,” “forwardly,” “backwardly,” “portly,” and “starboardly,” should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention recited in the attached claims.
The following United States patents are hereby incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,264,266, 2,286,064, 2,522,208, 2,765,558, 2,777,235, 3,087,270, 3,577,860, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,127,954, 4,566,212, 4,580,364, 4,674,409, 4,672,760, 4,765,081, 4,776,122, 4,790,094, 4,888,899, 5,216,199, 5,502,913, 6,352,033, 7,011,028, 7,493,862, 8,407,922, 8,991,086, 5,301,449, 4,939,862, 4,739,572, 3,239,959, U.S. Ser. No. 10/234,221 and U.S. Ser. No. 10/240,879.
Components illustrated in the incorporated by reference references may be utilized with embodiments herein. Incorporation by reference is discussed, for example, in MPEP section 2163.07(B). The above references to U.S. patents in all sections of this application are herein incorporated by references in their entirety for all purposes.
All of the features disclosed, claimed, and incorporated by reference herein, and all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is an example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. Inventive aspects of this disclosure are not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiments, but rather extend to any novel embodiment, or any novel combination of embodiments, of the features presented in this disclosure, and to any novel embodiment, or any novel combination of embodiments, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
Although specific examples have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose could be substituted for the specific examples disclosed. This application is intended to cover adaptations or variations of the present subject matter. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be defined by the attached claims and their legal equivalents, as well as the illustrative aspects. The above described embodiments are merely descriptive of its principles and are not to be considered limiting. Further modifications of the invention herein disclosed will occur to those skilled in the respective arts and all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the inventive aspects.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/830,333, filed Apr. 5, 2019, the entire contents of which is incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62830333 | Apr 2019 | US |
