Highly concentrated stable meloxicam solutions

Abstract

Aqueous cyclodextrin-free solution of meloxicam for administration by oral or parenteral route, containing a pharmacologically acceptable meloxicam salt of an organic or inorganic base and one or more suitable excipients, the content of dissolved meloxicam salt being more than 10 mg/mL. The solution is for treating a mammal suffering from one or more of pain, inflammation, fever, acute mastitis, diarrhea, lameness, locomotor deficiency, or respiratory illness.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to highly concentrated stable meloxicam solutions for oral and parenteral administration, particularly for treating respiratory diseases in large farm animals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Meloxicam (4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide) is an active substance which belongs to the group of NSAIDs (non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs). Meloxicam and the sodium and meglumine (N-methyl-D-glucamine) salt thereof are described in EP-A-0 002 482. EP-A-0 002 482 shows, inter alia, the example of a 0.2% injectable solution of meloxicam consisting of the meglumine salt of the active substance, sodium chloride, and water.

EP-A-0 945 134 discloses the pH-dependent solubility characteristics of meloxicam and its salts, i.e., the sodium salt, the ammonium salt, and the meglumine salt, in aqueous solution. According to EP-A-0 945 134, meloxicam is an active substance which does not dissolve readily in water and the meloxicam salts, particularly the meglumine salt, exhibit improved solubility as the pH increases between 4 and 10, as shown in Table 1 of EP-0 945 134. However, until now it has only been possible to produce stable, clear, aqueous solutions with a low concentration of meloxicam. In addition to involving the in situ formation of a meloxicam salt, e.g., meglumine salt, and the addition of solubilizers, these prior art solutions were required to have a pH in the range of maximum possible solubility as well as being reasonably well-tolerated and contain a high proportion of organic solvent. Formulation tests with the same or a similar recipe led to cloudiness of the solution if the meloxicam concentrations were higher, e.g., 2%.

WO9959634 A1 describes an eye drop solution containing 0.5% meloxicam but makes no reference to possible meloxicam concentrations over 1%. For example, a commercially available 0.5% meloxicam solution is used in small animals such as dogs, heifers, and calves to treat respiratory diseases.

Thus, it has not hitherto been possible to treat large farm animals with an injectable meloxicam solution as the low concentration of active substance in the injectable solution did not allow an acceptable, well-tolerated injection volume due to the great weight of the animals. Furthermore, parenteral administration requires that the solution be free from particles; if there are particles in a parenteral drug, there is a risk of vascular damage or embolism. Moreover, organic solvents, solubilizers, and water-soluble substances can only be used in certain concentrations to achieve acceptable drug tolerance. These problems are solved by the present invention which provides particle-free, highly concentrated meloxicam solutions which are stable over long periods and suitable for treating farm animals up to 750 kg in weight. The meloxicam solutions of the present invention should, therefore, be suitable for administration both orally or parenterally.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Surprisingly, it has been found that highly concentrated meloxicam solutions which contain, in addition to a meloxicam salt and certain excipients, another excipient selected from among citric acid, lecithin, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and EDTA or the salts thereof, may be produced so as to be particle-free and stable over long periods. The stability was achieved with an unexpectedly small amount of organic solubilizers. The formulation was found to be stable even when subjected to the process of final sterilization.

This results in the solution to the problem according to the invention, as a formulation of a meloxicam solution which contains, in addition to a meloxicam salt, small concentrations of solubilizer, a preservative, a buffer substance for achieving the optimum pH range, and another excipient.

The invention relates to aqueous cyclodextrin-free solutions of meloxicam for parenteral or oral administration which contain a pharmacologically acceptable meloxicam salt of an organic or inorganic base in a highly concentrated solution with 11-25 mg/mL of meloxicam together with suitable excipients.

The formulation according to the invention overcomes the problem arising from the prior art of providing an injectable solution of the active substance meloxicam which is also suitable for treating large farm animals, by permitting a high concentration of active substance in a particle free solution which is stable over the long term, having the composition described hereinafter.

The formulation according to the invention may contain, as the meloxicam salt, the meglumine, sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt, preferably the meloxicam meglumine salt.

The solubilizers used may be, for example, polyethyleneglycols, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers (e.g., Poloxamer 188), glycofurol, arginine, lysine, castor oil, propyleneglycol, solketal, polysorbate, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lecithin, cholesterol, 12-hydroxystearic acid-PEG660-ester, propyleneglycol monostearate, polyoxy-40-hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl-10-oleyl-ether, polyoxyl-20-cetostearylether, and polyoxyl-40-stearate or a mixture of sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol, preferably polyethyleneglycols, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers, glycofurol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lecithin, cholesterol, 12-hydroxystearic acid-PEG66O-esters, propyleneglycol monostearate, polyoxy-40-hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyl-10-oleyl-ether, polyoxyl-20-cetostearylether, and polyoxyl-40-stearate. Particularly preferred are polyethyleneglycols, glycofurol, and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-copolymers, but especially polyethyleneglycols (e.g., Macrogol 300) and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers (e.g., Poloxamer 188). The preservatives used may be, for example, ethanol, benzoic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, sorbic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, the methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl p-hydroxybenzoates, phenol, m-cresol, p-chloro-m-cresol, or benzalkonium chloride. Particularly preferred are ethanol, benzoic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, sorbic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, and the methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl p-hydroxybenzoates, but preferably ethanol, benzoic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, sorbic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, but especially ethanol.

The buffer system used to achieve a pH of between 8 and 10 may be, for example, glycine, a mixture of glycine and HCl, a mixture of glycine and sodium hydroxide solution, and the sodium and potassium salts thereof, a mixture of potassium hydrogen phthalate and hydrochloric acid, a mixture of potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium hydroxide solution, or a mixture of glutamic acid and glutamate. Glycine, a mixture of glycine and HCl, and a mixture of glycine/sodium hydroxide solution, especially glycine, are particularly preferred.

Other suitable excipients are citric acid, lecithin, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and EDTA or the alkali metal salts thereof, preferably tartaric acid and EDTA or the alkali metal salts thereof, particularly disodium EDTA.

One embodiment of the invention contains, in addition to the meglumine or sodium salt of meloxicam, polyethyleneglycols, glycofurol and/or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers, but particularly polyethyleneglycols (e.g., Macrogol 300) and/or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers (e.g., Poloxamer 188) as solubilizer, ethanol, benzoic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, or sorbic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, but particularly ethanol, as preservative, and glycine, a mixture of glycine/HCl, or a mixture of glycine/sodium hydroxide solution, but preferably glycine, as buffer, and disodium EDTA as an additional excipient.

The formulation according to the invention may contain meloxicam in a concentration of 11-25 mg/mL, preferably 13-24 mg/mL, preferably 16-23 mg/mL, particularly preferably 18-22 mg/mL, and especially 20 mg/mL.

The meglumine concentration may be between 12.5 and 16.5 mg/mL, preferably 13-16 mg/mL, preferably 13.5-15.5 mg/mL, more preferably 14-15 mg/mL, and especially about 14 mg/mL. The possible sodium, potassium, and ammonium concentrations are calculated accordingly.

The concentration of the solubilizers may be in the range from 20-200 mg/mL, preferably 30-150 mg/mL, preferably 40-130 mg/mL, more preferably 50-120 mg/mL, and especially 70-100 mg/mL.

The concentration of the preservative ethanol may be in the range from 100-200 mg/mL, preferably 120-180 mg/mL, and more preferably about 150 mg/mL.

The concentration of the preservatives benzoic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, sorbic acid and the sodium or potassium salts thereof, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, phenol, m-cresol, and p-chloro-m-cresol, may be in the range from 0.5-50 mg/mL, preferably 1-10 mg/mL, and more preferably 3-5 mg/mL.

The concentration of the preservatives benzalkonium chloride, phenylmercury nitrate, and methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl-p-hydroxybenzoates, may be in the range from 0.01-4 mg/mL, preferably 0.02-3 mg/mL, and more preferably 0.1-0.5 mg/mL.

The concentration of the buffer substances may be between 4 and 50 mg/mL, preferably between 5 and 20 mg/mL, and more preferably between 8 and 10 mg/mL.

The concentration of the other excipients mentioned above, e.g., EDTA, citric acid, lecithin, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, and phosphoric acid or the salts thereof, may be in the range from 0.2-3 mg/mL, preferably 0.3-2.5 mg/mL, preferably 0.5-2 mg/mL, most preferably 0.6-1.5 mg/mL, and in particular 0.7-1.0 mg/mL.

Meglumine and meloxicam may be used in a molar ratio of between 9:8 and 12:8, preferably in a molar ratio of 11:8, but especially in a molar ratio of 10:8.

In the formulation according to the invention, meloxicam and the other excipient, particularly disodium EDTA, may be present in a weight ratio of between 25:1 and 15:1, preferably between 24:1 and 16:1, preferably between 23:1 and 17:1, more preferably between 22:1 and 18:1, most preferably between 21:1 and 19:1, and in particular about 20:1.

The formulation according to the invention may have shelf-life after opening of 28 days or more.

The shelf-life of the solution in the sealed original packaging may be 1 month or more, in particular between 1 month and 24 months, but at least between 1 month and 18 months, preferably between 1 month and 12 months, more preferably between 1 month and 9 months, most preferably between 1 month and 6 months, particularly between 1 month and 3 months. Details of the stability tests by way of example can be found in Tables 1 and 2 which follow:

Test of Stability after Opening

Packing material: 50 mL colorless glass vials, glass type I, ethylenepropylenenorbornene terpolymer rubber stopper (Type: WI 640 grey), aluminium flanged cap.

Recipe: analogous to Example 1 of the description

4 mL samples were taken from the storage samples three times a day for six days and on the seventh day 4 mL samples were taken four times. Storage was then continued until 28 days had elapsed and samples were taken again.

TABLE 1
Test	Storage conditions	Storage time	Meloxicam content
No.	[° C./% relative humidity]	[Days]	[mg/mL]
1	25° C.	0	19.7
	25° C./60%	28	19.2
2	25° C.	0	20
	25° C./60%	28	19.2

In both samples, in addition to the meloxicam content, the parameters investigated, namely appearance (clear yellow solution), pH (8.0-9.7), ethanol content (13.5-15.75), disodium EDTA content (85.0-110.0 mg/100 mL), sterility (according to Pharm. Eur. and USP), and the stability of the packaging material were found to be unchanged.

Long Term Stability Test in Sealed Original Packaging

Packaging material: 50 mL colorless glass vials, glass type I, ethylenepropylenenorbornene terpolymer rubber stopper (Type: WI 640 grey), aluminium flanged cap.

Recipe: Analogous to Example 1 of the description.

TABLE 2
Test	Storage conditions	Storage time	Meloxicam content
No.	[° C./% relative humidity]	[Days]	[mg/mL]
1	25° C.	0	19.7
	4° C.	6	19.9
	40° C./75%	6	19.5
	25° C./60%	18	19.3
	30° C./70%	18	19.4
2	25° C.	0	20.0
	4° C.	6	19.9
	40° C./75%	6	19.7
	25° C./60%	18	19.4
	30° C./70%	18	19.5
	25° C./60%	24	19.5
	30° C./70%	24	19.5

In both samples, in addition to the meloxicam content, the parameters investigated, namely appearance (clear yellow solution), pH (8.0-9.7), ethanol content (13.5-15.75), disodium EDTA content (85.0-110.0 mg/100 mL), sterility (according to Pharm. Eur. and USP), and the stability of the packaging material were found to be unchanged.

The formulation according to the invention should have a pH of between 8 and 10, preferably between 8.5 and 9, more preferably a pH between 8.7 and 8.9, and particularly 8.8.

The formulation according to the invention is suitable for treating pain, inflammation, fever, acute mastitis, diarrhea, lameness, problems with the locomotor apparatus, and respiratory complaints in animals, preferably acute mastitis, diarrhea, lameness, problems with the locomotor apparatus and respiratory complaints, especially acute mastitis, diarrhea, lameness, problems with the locomotor apparatus and respiratory complaints, and most preferably respiratory complaints. The treatment may be given in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.

The formulation according to the invention is suitable for treating animals, preferably farm animals, and more particularly large farm animals.

The formulation according to the invention is suitable for treating animals, preferably animals up to 500 kg, particularly large animals up to 750 kg.

The dosage of the formulation according to the invention should corresponding to 0.2 to 1.0 mg of active substance per kg of bodyweight, preferably 0.4 to 0.8 mg/kg of bodyweight, more preferably 0.5 to 0.7 mg/kg of bodyweight, and particularly preferably 0.6 mg/kg of bodyweight.

The formulation according to the invention may be prepared using the methods of preparing aqueous liquid formulations known from the literature. For example, the appropriate excipients may be added to a meloxicam salt solution.

Various commercial materials for aqueous liquid formulations which will allow sealing under inert gas and final sterilization by autoclaving in the finished container may be used as a packaging material for the formulation according to the invention. Such materials include for example ampoules or glass vials, particularly glass vials, e.g., 50 mL or 100 mL glass vials of glass Type I (according to Pharm. Eur/USP) in conjunction with rubber stoppers made of ethylenepropylenenorbornene terpolymer (Type WI 640 grey) and aluminium caps.

The meloxicam solutions according to the invention will now be illustrated by the Examples which follow. Anyone skilled in the art will be aware that the Examples serve only as an illustration and are not to be regarded as restrictive.

Examples

Example 1: 2% Meloxicam Solution
Component            Amount (g/L)
Meloxicam            20.0
Meglumine            14.0
Macrogol 3001        150.0
Poloxamer 1882       50.0
Ethanol              150.0
Glycine              5.0
EDTA-Na              1.0
1 M HCl              q.s. ad pH 8.8
1 M NaOH             q.s. ad pH 8.8
Water for injections ad 1000 mL
Legend: 1obtainable from Brenntag, Plochingen, Germany; and 2obtainable from C.H. Erbsloeh, Krefeld, Germany

Method:

20 g of meloxicam are dissolved in 500 mL of an aqueous meglumine solution (14 g/500 mL) at 90° C. The other excipients are added one after another to the solution according to the recipe given above. A pH of 8.8 is then achieved using 1M hydrochloric acid and 1M sodium hydroxide solution. Water is added to the solution until a volume of 1 liter is obtained.

Example 2: 2% Meloxicam Solution
Component            Amount (g/L)
Meloxicam            20.0
Meglumine            12.5
PEG 400              100.0
Poloxamer            50.0
Ethanol              150.0
Glycine              5.0
EDTA-Na              1.0
1 M HCl              q.s. ad pH 8.8
1 M NaOH             q.s. ad pH 8.8
Water for injections ad 1000 mL

Method:

20 g of meloxicam are dissolved in 500 mL of an aqueous meglumine solution (12.5 g/500 mL) at 90° C. The other excipients are added one after another to the solution according to the recipe given above. A pH of 8.8 is then achieved using 1M hydrochloric acid or 1M sodium hydroxide solution. Water is added to the solution until a volume of 1 liter is obtained.

Example 3: 2.5% Meloxicam Solution
Component            Amount (g/L)
Meloxicam            25.0
Meglumine            17.5
PEG 300              150.0
Poloxamer            50.0
Ethanol              150.0
Glycine              5.0
EDTA-Na              1.0
1 M HCl              q.s. ad pH 8.8
1 M NaOH             q.s. ad pH 8.8
Water for injections ad 1000 mL

Method:

25 g of meloxicam are dissolved in 500 mL of an aqueous meglumine solution (17.5 g/500 mL) at 90° C. The other excipients are added one after another to the solution according to the recipe given above. A pH of 8.8 is then achieved using 1M hydrochloric acid or 1M sodium hydroxide solution. Water is added to the solution until a volume of 1 liter is obtained.

Example 4: 1.5% Meloxicam Solution
Component            Amount (g/L)
Meloxicam            15.0
Meglumine            10.5
PEG 300              100.0
Poloxamer            50.0
Ethanol              150.0
Glycine              5.0
EDTA-Na              1.0
1 M HCl              q.s. ad pH 8.8
1 M NaOH             q.s. ad pH 8.8
Water for injections ad 1000 mL

Method:

15 g of meloxicam are dissolved in 500 mL of an aqueous meglumine solution (10.5 g/500 mL) at 90° C. The other excipients are added one after another to the solution according to the recipe given above. A pH of 8.8 is then achieved using 1M hydrochloric acid or 1M sodium hydroxide solution. Water is added to the solution until a volume of 1 liter is obtained.

Example 5: 2% Meloxicam Solution
Component            Amount (g/L)
Meloxicam            20.0
Meglumine            14.0
PEG 300              150.0
Poloxamer            50.0
p-Chloro-m-cresol    2.0
Glycine              5.0
EDTA-Na              1.0
1 M HCl              q.s. ad pH 8.8
1 M NaOH             q.s. ad pH 8.8
Water for injections ad 1000 mL

Method:

20 g of meloxicam are dissolved in 500 mL of an aqueous meglumine solution (14 g/500 mL) at 90° C. The other excipients are added one after another to the solution according to the recipe given above. A pH of 8.8 is then achieved using 1M hydrochloric acid or 1M sodium hydroxide solution. Water is added to the solution until a volume of 1 liter is obtained.

Claims

1. A treatment method for treating non-human a mammal suffering from one or more of pain, inflammation, fever, acute mastitis, diarrhea, lameness, locomotor deficiency, or respiratory illness, the method comprising administering to the mammal an aqueous, cyclodextrin-free solution, the solution comprising: meloxicam in an amount of 20 mg/ml;meglumine in an amount of 14 mg/ml;a polyethylene glycol in an amount of 150 mg/ml;a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer in an amount of 50 mg/ml;ethanol in an amount of 150 mg/ml;glycine in an amount of 5 mg/ml;disodium EDTA in an amount of 1 mg/ml;hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide provided in an amount sufficient to yield a pH of 8.8 of the solution; andwater.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is used in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mammal is a large animal having a body weight greater than 500 kg and up to 750 kg.

4. A treatment method for treating a non-human animal suffering from one or more of pain, inflammation, fever, acute mastitis, diarrhea, lameness, locomotor deficiency, or respiratory illness, the method comprising administering to the animal an aqueous, cyclodextrin-free solution, the solution consisting of: meloxicam in an amount of 20 mg/ml;meglumine in an amount of 14 mg/ml;a polyethylene glycol in an amount of 150 mg/ml;a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer in an amount of 50 mg/ml;ethanol in an amount of 150 mg/ml;glycine in an amount of 5 mg/ml;disodium EDTA in an amount of 1 mg/ml;hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide provided in an amount sufficient to yield a pH of 8.8 of the solution; andwater.