Highly swept canard with low sweep wing supersonic aircraft configuration

Abstract

An aircraft, comprising a fuselage having an elongated, narrow forward portion, a main wing carried by a rear portion of the fuselage, a canard wing carried by said fuselage forward portion and having swept back leading and trailing edges tapering toward a tip or tips, the canard wing having less lifting surface than the main wing.

Description

[0002] There is need in supersonic aircraft for means to reduce sonic boom signature at ground level, while minimizing aircraft performance penalties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention objective is to provide an aircraft having a combination of an aft mounted low sweep wing capable of maintaining extensive laminar flow as described in prior Tracy patents U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,322,242, 5,518,204, 5,897,076, and 6,149,101, combined with a highly swept, forward mounted canard surface. This combination provides an improvement by reducing sonic boom signatures at minimal performance penalty.

[0004] These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully understood from the following specification and drawings, in which:

DRAWING DESCRIPTION

[0005] FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are top, plan, and side elevation views of a preferred aircraft embodying the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0006] As shown in the drawings, an aircraft 10 has

[0007] a) a fuselage 11 having an elongated, narrow forward portion 11a,

[0008] b) a main wing 12 carried by a rear portion 11b of the fuselage,

[0009] c) a canard wing 13 carried by the fuselage forward portion 11a and having swept back leading and trailing edges 13a and 13b tapering toward a tip or tips 13c,

[0010] d) the canard wing having less lifting surface than the main wing. See FIG. 2.

[0011] The fuselage forward and rearward portions 11a and 11b are enlarged in cross-section, as shown, relative to the fuselage mid-section 11a.

[0012] As shown, the swept back leading edges 13a are angled (see angles α) at greater than 45° from a lateral plane 15 normal to the longitudinally axis 25 of said fuselage. The trailing edges 13b are angled (see angles β) at greater than 45° from plane 15. Also, β>α.

[0013] The main wing 12 is shown as carried by the rearwardmost one-third of the fuselage length, and forward of the rearwardmost edge or edges 16a of the engine nacelle 16. The canard wing extends at 13d from the fuselage, where 13d is located forward of the fuselage length mid point or mid region 18.

[0014] It will be understood that the canard wing is configured to provide forward lift distributed over a significant length of the aircraft and to allow a favorable distribution of volume and lift to tailor the forward shockwaves for reduced coalescence at ground level, thereby to provide reduced initial shock ground pressure rise and perceived sonic boom intensity.

[0015] The canard wings are further configured to provide forward lift characterized by production of a positive pitching moment which allows the majority of lift from the main wing to be placed far aft on the fuselage for reduced sonic boom maximum ground pressure rise and perceived noise level.

[0016] The high sweep of the canard wing effectively produces a reduction in lift curve slope, relative to that of the lower sweep main wing, thereby providing:

[0017] a) movement of the aircraft aerodynamic center aft which allows the canard wing to operate at reduced lift coefficient relative to the main wing for a given level of static longitudinal stability, and allowing the main wing to operate to higher lift coefficients at low speed, thereby allowing better overall vehicle maximum lift for improved take off and landing performance,

[0018] b) reduction or elimination of drag due to lift penalty relative to typical canard configurations.

[0019] In summary, the highly swept canard surface provides forward lift distributed over a significant length and allows a favorable distribution of volume and lift to tailor the forward shockwaves for reduced coalescence at ground level. The forward lift provides a positive pitching moment which allows the majority of lift from the main wing to be placed far aft on the fuselage vehicle as typically needed for low boom designs.

[0020] The high sweep of the canard reduces its lift curve slope relative to the lesser sweep of the main wing. This moves the aerodynamic center aft and allows the canard to operate at reduced lift coefficient relative to the wing for a given level of static longitudinal stability. This reduces or eliminates the drag due to lift penalty typical of canard configurations and allows the main wing to operate to higher lift coefficients at low speed, allowing better overall vehicle maximum lift for improved takeoff and landing performance.

Claims

1. An aircraft, comprising a) a fuselage having an elongated, narrow forward portion, b) a main wing carried by a rear portion of the fuselage, c) a canard wing carried by said fuselage forward portion and having swept back leading and trailing edges tapering toward a tip or tips, d) the canard wing having less lifting surface than the main wing.

2. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein said swept back leading edges are angled at greater than 45° from a lateral plane normal to the longitudinally axis of said fuselage.

3. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein said main wing is carried by the rearwardmost one-third of the fuselage length.

4. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein said canard wing is located forward of the fuselage length mid-point.

5. The aircraft of claim 3 wherein said canard wing is located forward of the fuselage length mid-point.

6. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the canard wing is configured to provide forward lift distributed over a significant length of the aircraft and to allow a favorable distribution of volume and lift to tailor the forward shockwaves for reduced coalescence at ground level, thereby to provide reduced initial shock ground pressure rise and perceived sonic boom intensity.

7. The aircraft of claim 6 wherein the canard wings are further configured to provide forward lift characterized by production of a positive pitching moment which allows the majority of lift from the main wing to be placed far aft on the fuselage for reduced sonic boom maximum ground pressure rise and perceived noise level.

8. The aircraft of claim 1 wherein the high sweep of the canard wing effectively produces a reduction in lift curve slope, relative to that of the lower sweep main wing, thereby providing: a) movement of the aircraft aerodynamic center aft which allows the canard wing to operate at reduced lift coefficient relative to the main wing for a given level of static longitudinal stability, and allowing the main wing to operate to higher lift coefficients at low speed, thereby allowing better overall vehicle maximum lift for improved take off and landing performance, c) reduction or elimination of drag due to lift penalty relative to typical of canard configurations.

9. The combination of claim 1 wherein the fuselage forward portion is enlarged at the location of canard wing carriage by the fuselage, relative to fuselage mid portion cross section.

10. The combination of claim 9 wherein the fuselage rear portion is enlarged, at the location of main wing carriage by the fuselage, relative to fuselage mid portion cross section.