Patent Grant
6978919
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a holder for a drive piston of a setting tool.
2. Description of the Prior Art
European Publication EP-O 346275 B1 discloses an explosive powder charge-operated setting tool including a piston guide and a drive piston displaceable in the piston guide. The piston guide has radial openings facing the drive piston, and spring-biased braking balls extending through the radial openings and engaging the drive piston. The spring, which applies a biasing force to the braking balls is formed as a ring spring for applying a radially acting, with respect to the piston, biasing force to the braking balls. The ring spring is provided on its inner profile with a bearing surface acting on the braking ball. The bearing surface is inclined to the piston at an acute angle that opens in a direction opposite a setting direction. When the drive piston moves in the setting direction, it entrains the braking balls therewith. The braking balls expand the ring spring, which results in the bearing surface transmitting the radial biasing force to the braking balls. The braking balls are pressed radially against the piston body by the ring spring. Even with a small displacement of the drive piston in a direction opposite the setting direction, the braking effect can be substantially reduced or eliminated, as the braking balls displace in the same direction as the drive piston, unloading the ring spring. After being unloaded, the ring spring does not press any more the braking balls against the piston body. Further, a possibility still remains that the drive piston would be displaced, before ignition or firing of the setting tool, in the setting direction as a result of, e.g., the setting tool being pressed hard against a constructional component. The displacement in the return direction is effected due to cooperation of the ring spring with the braking balls.
An object of the present invention is to provide a piston holder having a simplified design and which would reliably retain the drive piston in its ignition-ready position in the absence of ignition.
This and other objects of the present invention, which will become apparent hereinafter, are achieved by providing a piston holder for a drive piston of a setting tool and having a circumferential adjusting surface inclined toward a central axis of the drive piston so that a diameter of the adjusting surface increases toward a rear, with respect to a setting direction of the setting tool, end of the drive piston. The piston holder further includes contact element(s) engageable with the adjusting surface, and a spring for biasing the contact element(s) into engagement with the adjusting surface.
Upon application of the biasing force, the pressure force, which is applied to the adjusting surface, is divided into the axial and radial components. The axial component, which acts in a direction opposite to the setting direction, retains the drive piston in its ignition-ready position or displaces it into this position after it has been displaced in the setting direction as a result of the setting tool being pressed too hard against a constructional component, without the ignition process initiated.
The piston holder has a simple structure and includes simple components for applying pressure to the adjusting surface. For as symmetrical as possible distribution of the pressure force, a plurality of contact members can be uniformly arranged along a circumference about the piston body.
The adjusting surface can be formed as a flat wedge surface or as coaxial with the central axis of the drive piston, conical surface. In the latter case, the conical section of the drive piston body widens toward the rear, with respect to the setting direction, end of the drive piston. However, the adjusting surface can also be formed by a section of a circumferential bead provided on the piston, or a section of a circumferential groove formed in the drive piston.
In case the adjusting surface is formed by a section of a circumferential bead, the surface is formed by the front, in the setting direction, section of the bead. However, in case the adjusting surface is formed by a circumferential groove, the adjusting surface is formed by a rear, in the setting direction, section of the groove. Independent from how the adjusting surface is formed, it is important that the respective section of the bead or groove, be further spaced from the central axis of the piston as it extends toward the rear end of the drive piston. The respective sections can be formed as flat surface. However, in case of a bead or groove, they can be convex or concave respectively.
The contact means of the piston holder can be formed of one contact member that can be either formed as a rigid body or as an elastic body. The important thing is that it should be non-rigidly pressed against the adjusting surface and be able to introduce the axial force component into the drive piston.
According to a particular advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the contact member is biased in the direction opposite to the setting direction against a stop. The contact member biasing spring is arranged axially, which permits to compensate even large positioning errors of the drive piston. This spring also insures that the piston always occupies an optimal ignition-ready position when the setting tool is released.
The novel features of the present invention, which are considered as characteristic for the invention, are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to is construction and its mode of operation, together with additional advantages and objects thereof, will be best understood from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, when read with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The drawings show:
A piston holder according to the present invention can be used with a setting tool a partially cross-sectional view of which a shown in
The setting tool, which is shown in
The piston body 10 has a front cylindrical section l0a that is adjoined at its rear end by a cone section 10b which widens toward the rear end of the drive piston 8, i.e., the diameter of the cone section 10b increases toward the rear end of the drive piston 8. Another cylindrical section 10c adjoins the conical section 10b at its rear end. The diameter of the rear cylindrical section 10c can be larger than the diameter of the front section 10a.
The piston holder according to the present invention is arranged in a receiving cavity 14 formed in the front portion of the piston guide 5.
Below, different embodiment of a piston holder according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to respective drawing figures in which the same elements are designated with the same reference numerals.
A first embodiment of the inventive piston holder is shown in
Two cylindrical cavities 19 are formed in the front part 7 diametrically opposite each other with respect to the piston body 10. The central axis 20 of each cylindrical cavity 19 extends at least approximately perpendicular to the adjusting surface 16. In each of the cavity 19, there is arranged a compression spring 21 and a ball-shaped contact member 22. The contact member 22 is so positioned in the cylindrical cavity 19 that the compression spring 21 biases the respective contact member 22 against circumferential surface 16. With this arrangement of the contact member 22, the contact member 22 and the surface 16 provide for introduction into the piston body 10 of radial and axial components of the biasing force generated by the spring 21. The axial component of the biasing force, which acts in a direction opposite to the drive piston drive-out or setting direction 18, retains the drive piston 8 in its ignition-ready position or displaces the drive piston 8 a short distance into the ignition-ready position in case the setting tool is pressed too hard against a constructional component, without the ignition process being initiated. In case that the cylindrical section 10c is located in the region of the ball-shaped contact members 22, during a setting process, the force components introduced into the piston body 10 and acting in a direction opposite the setting direction would be much smaller of those introduced into the piston body 10 in case the conical section 10b is located in the region of the contact members 22.
It should be noted that the contact member 22 can be formed by rollers, discs, or rolls with a negative piston shape.
A second embodiment of the inventive piston holder is shown in
A third embodiment of the inventive piston holder is shown in
According to the fourth embodiment, the drive piston 8 is modified by being provided in the region of the piston body 10 with a circumferential roof-shaped bead 31 having the adjusting surface 16. The diameter of the adjusting surface 16 increases toward the rear end of the drive piston 8. Inside a cavity 32, which is formed in the front part 7 and opens toward the piston body 10, there is provided a cage 33 which likewise radially opens toward the piston body 10 and is axially displaceable. A compression spring 34, which is located in the cavity 32, biases the cage 33 in a direction toward the rear, with respect to the setting direction 18, end of the cavity 32. A radial compression spring 35 is arranged in the cage 33 and biases a roll-shaped contact member 36 toward the piston body 10. In the ignition-ready position of the drive piston 8, the contact member 36 is biased against a first section of the adjusting surface 16 to reliably hold the drive piston 8 in its ignition-ready position. The axially acting compression spring 34 permits to substantially eliminate large errors in positioning of the drive piston 8 in its ignition-ready position. By biasing the cage 33 toward its position corresponding to the ignition-ready position of the drive piston 8, the compression spring 34 insures that the drive piston 8 is reliably held in this position.
During a forward movement of the drive piston 8, upon ignition, the contact member 36 is biased against the body of the drive piston 8. Upon return movement of the drive piston 8, as the adjusting surface 16 approached the contact member 36, the contact member 36 becomes biased against the second section, applying a braking force to the drive piston due to the ascending nature of the second section as it passes the contact member. Thereby, bouncing of the drive piston because of a high return speed is prevented.
The roll-shaped contact member 36 can be formed as a rigid or elastic roller, or be formed as a slidable contact member.
According to the fifth embodiment, the drive piston body 10 is provided with a circumferential groove 37 having a concave bottom surface. A rear section of the concave bottom section defines the adjusting surface 16 which cooperates with a piston-shaped contact member 38 that is biased against the adjusting surface 16 by the radially extending compression spring 35. The cooperation of the contact member 38 with the adjusting surface 16 insures that the drive piston 8 is reliably held in its ignition-ready position which is shown in the lower portion of
According to the sixth and seventh embodiments, the piston body 10 is provided, as in the fourth embodiment, with a roof-shaped circumferential bead 31, a front, in the setting direction 18, portion of which defines the conical section 10b of the piston body 10 with the adjusting surface 16.
A radially open cavity 39, which faces the guide bore 15, is formed in the front part 7 in which a spring arm 40 (41 in the seventh embodiment) is located. The spring arm 40 (41) has its rear end secured in the wall of the cavity 39 facing in the setting direction 18. At the free end of the spring arm 40, there is provided a contact roller 42 (in the seventh embodiment, instead of a contact roller 42, the free end of the spring arm 41 is tangent-bent and forms a bow 43).
In the ignition-ready position of the drive piston 8, due to the elastic characteristics of the spring arm, 40 (41), the roller 42 (bow 43) is pressed against the adjusting surface 16, whereby it is insured that the drive piston 8 is reliably retained in this ignition-ready position.
It should be pointed out that in the fourth, sixth, and seventh embodiments, the contact members 36, 42, 43 can be so positioned that they contact the piston body 10 only in the region of the adjusting surface 16, and have no contact with the piston body 10 in the transitional regions between the conical and cylindrical sections.
In
According to the eighth and ninth embodiments, the piston body 10 had a plurality of spaced from each other, in the axial direction of the piston body 10, circumferential convex beads 44, 45, 46 or concave grooves 47, 48, 49, respectively. The convex surfaces of the beads 44, 45, 40 and the concave surfaces of grooves 47, 48, 49 define respective adjusting surfaces 16 located closer to the rear end of the drive piston 8. Instead of respective convex and concave surfaces, the beads 44, 45, 46 and the grooves 47, 48, 49 can be provided with appropriate conical surfaces.
In the front part 7, there is provided a respective cavity 50, 51 radially opening toward the guide channel 15 and extending in the axial direction of the drive shaft 8. Inside the respective cavity 50, 51, there is arranged a respective resilient contact member 52, 53 which is biased in the direction opposite the setting direction 18, by a respective compression spring 54, 55. The contact member 52, 53 is located inside the respective cavity 50, 51 and engages a wall of the cavity 50, 51 facing in the setting direction 18. The contact member 52, 53 is provided, respectively, with a groove for receiving one of the circumferential beads 44, 45, 46 or with a bead for engaging in a respective groove 47, 48, 49. The form—and friction locking spring-biased engagement of the contact members 52, 53 with the respective beads 44, 45, 46 or in the respective groove 47, 48, 49 insures that the drive piston 8 is reliably retained in its ignition-ready position. By providing several beads or grooves, it is insured a more reliable holding of the drive piston 8 in its ignition-ready position with more or less precision. The axially acting compression spring 54, 55 are able to compensate a positioning error during positioning of the drive piston 8 in its ignition-ready position. Thereby, it is insured that the drive piston 8 is always positioned in an optional ignition-ready position. The positioning force can be increased by providing a wedge arrangement 56 of the respective surfaces of the wall of the cavity 50, 51 and the contact member 52, 53, without increasing the stiffness of the resilient contact members 52, 53. The provision of the wedge arrangement 56 permits to further optimize positioning of the drive piston 8 in its ignition-ready position.
As in some of the previous embodiments, the piston body 10 of the drive piston 8 is provided with a roof-shaped circumferential bead 57 that defines the conical section 10b of the piston body 10 which adjoins the front section 10a. As it has already been discussed above, the conical circumferential surface of the conical section 10b forms the adjusting surface 16. The piston holder includes a plurality of contact segments 58, 59, 60, 61 arranged circumferentially about the piston body 10 and impinging the same. The contact segments 58, 59, 60, 61 are spaced from each other by substantially the same angular distance. The contact segments 58, 59, 60, 61 are biased against the adjusting surface 16 by a common ring spring 62 arranged coaxially with the piston body 10. The contact segments 58, 59, 60, 61 and the ring spring 62 are located in the front part 7 of the piston guide 5, in a cavity 63 radially opening toward the guide bore or channel 15.
When the contact segments 58–61 are pressed against the adjusting surface 16 by the ring spring 62, they retain the drive piston 8 in its ignition-ready position, and the cooperation of the contact segments 58–61 with the adjusting surface 16 under the biasing force of the ring spring 62 insures that the drive piston 8 is returned into its ignition-ready position when displaced therefrom as a result of the setting tool being pressed too hard against a constructional component. In the region where the drive piston 8 should be displaced without friction, the drive piston 8 has a smaller diameter (the transition region between the conical and cylindrical surfaces of the piston body 10. In this regions, there is no contact between the contact segments 58–61 and the drive piston 8 or its body 10. The inclination of the conical section 10b, i.e., of the adjusting surface 16 should be so selected that no self-clamping takes place. By varying the length of the conical section 10b and the contact length of the contact segments 58–61, the positioning error of the drive-piston positioning in the ignition-ready position can be compensated.
Though the present invention was shown and described with references to the preferred embodiments, such are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as a limitation there, and various modifications to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, not intended that the present invention be limited to the disclosed embodiment or details thereof, and the present invention includes all of variations and/or alternative embodiments within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
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