Patent Application
20120186239
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Application 2011-010167, filed on Jan. 20, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a holding sealing material, and an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
2. Discussion of the Background
Conventionally, a nonwoven fabric-like holding sealing material including inorganic fibers such as silica fibers or alumina fibers has been known as a constituent member of an exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
The nonwoven fabric-like shape holding sealing material has a prescribed repulsive force and is arranged between a column-like exhaust gas-treating body and a cylindrical metal casing for housing the column-like exhaust gas-treating body in a compressed state.
In the exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the exhaust gas-treating body is thus firmly held at a prescribed position in the metal casing by the nonwoven fabric-like holding sealing material.
Additionally, since the nonwoven fabric-like holding sealing material is arranged between the exhaust gas-treating body and the metal casing, the exhaust gas-treating body is hardly brought into contact with the metal casing even if vibration or the like is applied to the exhaust gas purifying apparatus at the time of use.
The nonwoven fabric-like holding sealing material can also make exhaust gas hardly leak from between the exhaust gas-treating body and the metal casing.
Each of JP-A 5-269387 and JP-A 6-81638 discloses an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus as an exhaust gas purifying apparatus using the conventional nonwoven fabric-like holding sealing material as described above.
In the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus of each of JP-A 5-269387 and JP-A 6-81638, it is disclosed that electrode parts are connected to an exhaust gas-treating body made of a resistance heating body and the exhaust gas-treating body can be rapidly heated by applying electricity via the electrode parts.
It is accordingly disclosed that even if exhaust gas is in a low temperature state immediately after starting of an engine, the temperature of the exhaust gas-treating body is increased rapidly to the catalytic activation temperature by electricity application and therefore, harmful gas or the like can be efficiently removed.
The contents of JP-A 5-269387 and JP-A 6-81638 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a holding sealing material includes an inorganic fiber sheet having inorganic fibers interlaced with one another, and a water-proof insulation sheet containing a flaky inorganic material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes an exhaust gas-treating body made of a resistance heating body, a metal casing to house the exhaust gas-treating body, and a holding sealing material arranged between the exhaust gas-treating body and the metal casing to hold the exhaust gas-treating body. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode penetrates through the metal casing and the holding sealing material, and has a first end part bonded to the exhaust gas-treating body and a second end part exposed outside of the metal casing. The second electrode penetrates through the metal casing and the holding sealing material, and has a first end part bonded to the exhaust gas-treating body and a second end part exposed outside of the metal casing. The holding sealing material includes an inorganic fiber sheet which has inorganic fibers interlaced with one another, and a water-proof insulation sheet containing a flaky inorganic material.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The conventional nonwoven fabric-like holding sealing material constituting the conventional electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus disclosed in each of JP-A 5-269387 and JP-A 6-81638 has a function of assuring insulating properties between the electrode parts and the metal casing and between the metal casing and the exhaust gas-treating body to which electricity is applied via the electrode parts, other than the function of holding the exhaust gas-treating body.
That is, the holding sealing material according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an inorganic fiber sheet in which inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another, and a water-proof insulation sheet containing a flaky inorganic material.
In the case where the holding sealing material according to an embodiment of the present invention is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, even when condensed water is generated by introducing exhaust gas into the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus and condensing steam contained in the exhaust gas or even when condensed water is generated by cooling the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the condensed water is less likely to penetrate the water-proof insulation sheet having water-proofness. For this reason, since the condensed water is thus easily shut out by the water-proof insulation sheet, the holding sealing material as a whole is less likely to completely absorb water.
Consequently, since the insulating properties are kept by the holding sealing material between the electrode parts and the metal casing and between the metal casing and the exhaust gas-treating body to which electricity is applied via the electrode parts, the exhaust gas purifying apparatus hardly causes an electric leakage and is easily provided with improved safety even if electricity is applied to the exhaust gas-treating body.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the water-proof insulation sheet contains flaky inorganic material. The flaky inorganic material contains an inorganic material laminated in layers and the inorganic material tends to shift between layers and is thus easy to be excellent in flexibility.
The holding sealing material is, therefore, easy to be wound onto the outer circumferential surface of an exhaust gas-treating body having a column-like prescribed shape and easy to be excellent in handling properties.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the flaky inorganic material is one or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron-montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, nontronite, magadiite, ilerite, kanemite, smectite, and layered titanate.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the flaky inorganic material is mica.
The flaky inorganic material is a clay inorganic material and is not a metal material and is therefore suitable as a material excellent in insulating properties. It is an inorganic material, has high heat resistance and is suitable for use in arrangement in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus to be heated to high temperature.
Mica is excellent in water-proofness and easily exhibits high electrically insulating properties even in high humidity and therefore is particularly suitable.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the water-proof insulation sheet includes an adhesive.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the water-proof insulation sheet contains an adhesive and the flaky inorganic materials are easily firmly bonded one another without deteriorating flexibility. For this reason, the water-proof insulation sheet is provided with high strength and accordingly the holding sealing material is provided with high strength. Since the flaky inorganic materials tend to be bonded densely to one another, the water-proofness is thus improved and good insulating properties tend to be maintained even in the environment where condensed water is generated.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive includes one or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of silicones, polyethylene glycols, polyalkylene glycols, phosphoric acid esters, alkylbenzene, poly-α-olefins, polyol esters, alkylnaphthalene, halocarbons, polyallyl alkanes, polyphenyls, silicic acid esters, and polyphenyl ethers.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive is silicone.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic fiber sheet includes a first inorganic fiber sheet and a second inorganic fiber sheet and the water-proof insulation sheet is sandwiched between the first inorganic fiber sheet and the second inorganic fiber sheet.
In the case where the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the first inorganic fiber sheet of the holding sealing material may be arranged in the metal casing side and the second inorganic fiber sheet may be arranged in the exhaust gas-treating body side.
In the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus having such a configuration, the first inorganic fiber sheet, which is like a nonwoven fabric and has impact absorption, is in contact with the metal casing and the water-proof insulation sheet is not in direct contact with the metal casing, so that the water-proof insulation sheet is hardly broken even if impact such as vibration is applied to the metal casing from the outside. Even if the exhaust gas-treating body is heated to high temperature by exhaust gas flow, the second inorganic fiber sheet excellent in heat resistance is in contact with the exhaust gas-treating body and the water-proof insulation sheet is not in direct contact with the exhaust gas-treating body, so that melting loss of the water-proof insulation sheet is hardly caused.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic fiber sheet and the water-proof insulation sheet are bonded by an inorganic adhesive.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic fiber sheet and the water-proof insulation sheet are hardly separated and in the production of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the holding sealing material is easy to be excellent in handling properties.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic fibers are at least one kind of inorganic fibers selected from the group consisting of alumina fibers, alumina-silica fibers, silica fibers, biosoluble fibers, and glass fibers.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, since these inorganic fibers are excellent in characteristics such as heat resistance and repulsive force, the holding sealing material including these inorganic fibers is easy to be excellent in heat resistance, repulsive force, and the like.
Further, in the case where the inorganic fibers constituting the holding sealing material contain biosoluble fibers, even if the biosoluble fibers are scattered and taken in a living body at the time of handling the holding sealing material, the biosoluble fibers are dissolved and discharged out of the living body and thus the holding sealing material is easy to be excellent in safety for human body.
The holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes an organic binder.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention further including an organic binder, the inorganic fibers are bonded one another by the organic binder and compressed. When the holding sealing material is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, at the time of use of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the organic binder is decomposed by the heat of the high temperature exhaust gas and the inorganic fibers are released from adhesion and the holding sealing material is expanded so that the holding sealing material tends to exhibit high holding force.
The holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes an expanding material.
In the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention including an expanding material, the expanding material is expanded by the heat of the high temperature exhaust gas at the time of use of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus so that the holding sealing material tends to exhibit high holding force.
The electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus including:
an exhaust gas-treating body made of a resistance heating body;
a metal casing for housing the exhaust gas-treating body; and
a holding sealing material arranged between the exhaust gas-treating body and the metal casing to hold the exhaust gas-treating body, the exhaust gas purifying apparatus further including:
a first electrode penetrating through the metal casing and the holding sealing material and having a first end part bonded to the exhaust gas-treating body and a second end part exposed outside of the metal casing, and
a second electrode penetrating through the metal casing and the holding sealing material and having a first end part bonded to the exhaust gas-treating body and a second end part exposed outside of the metal casing, and wherein
the holding sealing material includes an inorganic fiber sheet in which inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another, and a water-proof insulation sheet containing a flaky inorganic material.
In the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, since the holding sealing material excellent in water-proofness is used, the entire of the holding sealing material is less likely to completely absorb water even if condensed water is generated in the inside of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
Consequently, at the time of use of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, since the insulating properties are kept by the holding sealing material between the electrode parts and the metal casing and between the metal casing and the exhaust gas-treating body to which electricity is applied via the electrode parts, the exhaust gas purifying apparatus hardly causes an electric leakage and is easily provided with improved safety even if electricity is applied to the exhaust gas-treating body.
The embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings.
Hereinafter, a first embodiment which is one embodiment of the holding sealing material of the present invention and one embodiment of an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings.
The shape of a holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment shown in
The holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment has a first main surface 10a, a second main surface 10b facing the first main surface 10a, a first long side surface 20a, a second long side surface 20b facing the first long side surface 20a, a first short side surface 30a, and a second short side surface 30b facing the first short side surface 30a.
The holding sealing material 1 also has through hole parts 11a and 11b for inserting electrodes.
The holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment includes an inorganic fiber sheet 40 and a water-proof insulation sheet 41.
In the example shown in
That is, the water-proof insulation sheet 41 entirely covers one main surface (lower surface) of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and entirely covers one main surface (upper surface) of the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b.
Additionally, it is sufficient for the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention to include an inorganic fiber sheet and a water-proof insulation sheet, and these sheets do not need to be layered in this order.
The inorganic fiber sheet 40 (the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b) has approximately the same shape as that of the holding sealing material 1 described above, except that the thickness is thin.
The inorganic fiber sheet 40 includes inorganic fibers such as silica fibers, alumina fibers, or alumina-silica fibers which are interlaced with one another. The inorganic fiber sheet 40 is like a nonwoven fabric.
The inorganic fiber sheet 40 is thus excellent in characteristics such as insulating properties, flexibility, impact absorption, and heat resistance.
The water-proof insulation sheet 41 has approximately the same shape as that of the holding sealing material 1 described above, except that the thickness is thin.
In this specification, the water-proof insulation sheet refers to a sheet constituted so as to have a coefficient of water absorption of 0 to about 3%, a volume resistivity at normal temperature of about 107 Ωm to about 1014 Ωm, a decrease ratio in the volume resistivity of about 1/1000 Ωm or lower after heating at 550° C. for 1 hour as compared with the volume resistivity before heating, and contain mainly inorganic substances.
The water-proof insulation sheet 41 is excellent in characteristics such as insulating properties and water-proofness.
In addition, the coefficient of water absorption of the water-proof insulation sheet means a value measured after carrying out an immersion treatment of immersing the water-proof insulation sheet in water at 20° C. for 24 hours. Specifically, it is a value (%) calculated by subtracting the weight of the water-proof insulation sheet before immersion treatment from the weight of the water-proof insulation sheet after immersion treatment; dividing the calculated value by the weight of the water-proof insulation sheet before immersion treatment; and multiplying the calculated value by 100.
The holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment including the inorganic fiber sheet 40 and the water-proof insulation sheet 41 having configurations and characteristics as described above is excellent in characteristics such as insulating properties, flexibility, impact absorption, heat resistance, and water-proofness.
In the case where the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is used in the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus of this embodiment described below, the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a of the holding sealing material 1 may be arranged in the metal casing side and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b may be arranged in the metal casing side.
The following will be described while exemplifying the case where the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a of the holding sealing material 1 is arranged in the metal casing side.
The holding sealing material 1 also has through hole parts 11a and 11b for inserting electrodes.
The first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the water-proof insulation sheet 41 may be bonded with an inorganic adhesive or may be physically layered. Similarly, the water-proof insulation sheet 41 and the second water-proof insulation sheet 40b may be bonded with an inorganic adhesive or may be physically layered.
The first inorganic fiber sheet 40a, the water-proof insulation sheet 41, and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b are desirably bonded with an inorganic adhesive.
Examples of the inorganic adhesive include a ceramic adhesive containing metal alkoxides and a ceramic adhesive containing alumina sol or silica sol.
The size of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is desirably length (L) about 100 mm to about 1000 mm×width (W) about 20 mm to about 500 mm×thickness (T) about 5 mm to about 30 mm.
It is because the holding sealing material having the size described above is consistent with the size of an exhaust gas-treating body, which is an object on which the holding sealing material is wound.
The weight per unit area of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is desirably about 400 g/m2 to about 10000 g/m2, more desirably about 1000 g/m2 to about 6000 g/m2, and even more desirably about 900 g/m2 to about 3000 g/m2. It is because if the weight per unit area of the holding sealing material 1 is within the range, the holding sealing material has a proper volume and is easily provided with a proper repulsive force.
On the other hand, if the weight per unit area of the holding sealing material is about 900 g/m2 or more, the volume of the holding sealing material may not become too high and if the weight per unit area of the holding sealing material is about 3000 g/m2 or less, the volume of the holding sealing material may not become too low.
The density of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is desirably about 0.08 g/cm3 to about 0.30 g/cm3 and more desirably about 0.10 g/cm3 to about 0.20 g/cm3.
If the density of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is about 0.08 g/cm3 to about 0.30 g/cm3, the inorganic fibers are well interlaced with one another and therefore, the inorganic fibers are hardly separated and the shape of the holding sealing material tends to be kept in a prescribed shape. Since the holding sealing material also has proper flexibility, the holding sealing material is easily provided with improved winding properties onto an exhaust gas-treating body.
If the density of the holding sealing material is about 0.08 g/cm3or more, the inorganic fibers are less likely to be weakly interlaced with one another and therefore, the inorganic fibers are less likely to be separated and it is easy to keep the shape of the holding sealing material in a prescribed shape. Further, if the density of the holding sealing material is about 0.30 g/cm3 or less, the holding sealing material is less likely to become hard and the winding properties onto an exhaust gas-treating body are less likely to be lowered.
The thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a is desirably from about 1 mm to about 50 mm, the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is desirably from about 1 mm to about 50 mm, and the thickness of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is desirably from about 0.005 mm to about 5 mm and more desirably from about 1 mm to about 3 mm.
If the thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a is about 1 mm or more, the thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a is not so thin that the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is less likely to be broken when impact such as vibration is applied to the metal casing from the outside in the case where the holding sealing material is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
If the thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a is about 50 mm or less, the thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a is not so thick that winding is less likely to become difficult and the holding sealing material is less likely to be cracked.
If the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is about 1 mm or more, the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is not so thin that heat is less likely to be transferred to the water-proof insulation sheet 41 and the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is less likely to be into melting loss when the exhaust gas-treating body is heated to high temperature in the case where the holding sealing material is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
If the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is about 50 mm or less, the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b does not become so thick that winding is less likely to become difficult and the holding sealing material is less likely to be cracked.
If the thickness of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is about 0.005 mm or more, the thickness of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is not so thin that the water-proofness and the insulating properties are less likely to be lowered in some cases.
If the thickness of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is about 5 mm or less, the thickness of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is not so thick that the flexibility is less likely to lower and the water-proof insulation sheet is less likely to be cracked.
The thicknesses of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b may be approximately same or different from each other.
A projected portion 34a is formed in the first short side surface 30a of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment and a recessed portion 34b having a shape fitted with the projected portion 34a in the case where the holding sealing material 1 is rolled and the first short side surface 30a and the second short side surface 30b are butted with each other is formed in the second short side surface 30b of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment.
Additionally, the projected portion 34a and the recessed portion 34b may be formed in the holding sealing material 1 if necessary, and they may not be formed. In the case where the projected portion 34a and the recessed portion 34b are not formed in the holding sealing material 1, the first short side surface 30a and the second short side surface 30b become both substantially flat.
The shapes of the projected portion 34a and the recessed portion 34b of the holding sealing material 1 are not particularly limited if the projected portion 34a and the recessed portion 34b are fitted with each other, but it is preferable that the projected portion 34a projected in a size of width about 10 mm×length about 10 mm to width about 200 mm×length about 200 mm is formed in a portion of the first short side surface 30a and the recessed portion 34b to be fitted therewith is formed in a portion of the second short side surface 30b. It is because the dimension variation of the exhaust gas-treating body or the holding sealing material tends to be adjusted by the gap between the projected and recessed portions, and the sealing property of the holding sealing material tends to be maintained.
In the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b, inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another.
The inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b are preferably at least one kind of inorganic fibers selected from the group consisting of alumina fibers, alumina-silica fibers, silica fibers, biosoluble fibers, and glass fibers.
The type of the inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the type of the inorganic fibers constituting the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b may be the same or different from each other.
In the case where the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a is arranged in the metal casing side and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is arranged in the exhaust gas-treating body side, it is desirable that the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a is formed using silica fibers or the like excellent in elasticity and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is formed using alumina fibers, alumina-silica fibers, or the like excellent in heat resistance.
It is because the exhaust gas-treating body side is heated to temperature higher than that in the metal casing side and therefore fibers with high heat resistance are preferable to be used, and the metal casing side is not heated so high temperature and therefore, fibers with high elasticity for improving winding properties are preferable to be used.
The alumina fibers may contain an additive, for example, CaO, MgO, and ZrO2 other than alumina.
The composition ratio of alumina-silica fibers on the basis of weight ratio is preferably Al2O3:SiO2=about 60:about 40 to about 80:about 20 and more preferably Al2O3:SiO2=about 70:about 30 to about 74:about 26.
It is because in the case of such a composition ratio, a mullite crystal is easy to be formed and if the mullite crystal is formed, heat resistance and fiber strength is easily improved.
The silica fibers may contain an additive, for example, CaO, MgO, and ZrO2 other than silica.
The biosoluble fibers are inorganic fibers including at least one kind compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compounds.
Since the biosoluble fibers are easy to be dissolved even if taken in the human body, the holding sealing material having an inorganic fiber sheet in which the biosoluble fibers are interlaced with one another is excellent in safety for the human body. Examples of the alkali metal compounds include oxides or the like of Na and K; and examples of the alkaline earth metal compounds include oxides or the like of Mg, Ca, and Ba. Examples of the boron compounds include oxides or the like of B.
The specific composition of the biosoluble fibers may be composition containing about 60 wt % to about 85 wt % of silica and about 15 wt % to about 40 wt % of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compounds.
The silica refers to SiO or SiO2.
Examples of the alkali metal compounds include oxides or the like of Na and K; and examples of the alkaline earth metal compounds include oxides or the like of Mg, Ca, and Ba. Examples of the boron compounds include oxides or the like of B.
In the composition of the biosoluble fibers, if the content of silica is about 60 wt % or more, the fibers are easily produced by a glass fusion method and fiber formation becomes easy.
Further, if the content of silica is about 60 wt % or more, since the content of silica having flexibility is not so low that the structure of the biosoluble fibers is not fragile and the ratio of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compounds, which are easy to be dissolved in a physiological saline solution, does not become relatively so high and therefore, the biosoluble fibers tend not to be dissolved too easily in a physiological saline solution.
On the other hand, if the content of silica is about 85 wt % or less, the ratio of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compounds does not become relatively low and therefore, the biosoluble fibers tend not to be too difficult to be dissolved in a physiological saline solution.
In addition, the content of silica is calculated by converting the amounts of SiO and SiO2 into the amount of SiO2.
In the composition of the biosoluble fibers, the content of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compound is preferably about 15 wt % to about 40 wt %. If the content of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compounds is about 15 wt % or more, the biosoluble fibers tend not to be too difficult to be dissolved in a physiological saline solution.
On the other hand, if the content of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compound is about 40 wt % or less, the biosoluble fibers are easy to be produced by a glass fusion method and fiber formation becomes easy. On the other hand, if the content of at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and boron compounds is about 40 wt % or less, the structure of the biosoluble fibers tends not to be fragile and the biosoluble fibers tend not to be dissolved too easily in a physiological saline solution.
The solubility of the biosoluble fibers in a physiological saline solution is desirably about 30 ppm or higher. If the solubility of the biosoluble fibers in a physiological saline solution is about 30 ppm or higher, the inorganic fibers are easy to be discharged out of the human body in the case where the inorganic fibers are taken in the human body, which is good for health.
The solubility can be measured by the following method.
(I) First, after 2.5 g of inorganic fibers are suspended in distilled water by using a blender for food, the inorganic fibers are precipitated by allowing the suspension to standstill and after the supernatant solution is removed by decantation, the resultant is dried at 110° C. to remove the remaining liquid and thus obtain an inorganic fiber sample.
(II) A physiological saline solution is prepared by diluting 6.780 g of sodium chloride, 0.540 g of ammonium chloride, 2.270 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 0.170 g of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.060 g of sodium citrate dihydrate, 0.450 g of glycin, and 0.050 g of sulfuric acid (specific gravity 1.84) with 1 litter (L) of distilled water.
(III) After 0.50 g of the inorganic fiber sample prepared in (I) and 25 cm3 of the physiological saline solution prepared in (II) are put in a centrifugal tube and well shaken, the mixture is treated at 37° C. and 20 cycles/minute for 5 hours in a shaking incubator.
The centrifugal tube is taken out thereafter and centrifugal separation is carried out at 4500 rpm for 5 minutes and the supernatant is taken out by an injector.
(IV) Next, the supernatant solution is filtered by a filter (cellulose nitrate membrane filter with 0.45 μm) to obtain a sample, and regarding the obtained sample, the solubility of silica, that of calcium oxide, and that of magnesium oxide in a physiological saline solution are measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.
In the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment, the average fiber length of the inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is desirably about 0.5 mm to about 100 mm. If the average fiber length of the inorganic fibers is about 0.5 mm to about 100 mm, the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b are easily provided with high strength and the holding sealing material 1 is thus easily provided with improved strength.
If the average fiber length of the inorganic fibers is about 0.5 mm or more, the fiber length of the inorganic fiber is not so short that the inorganic fibers tend not to be interlaced insufficiently with one another and the strength of the first inorganic fiber sheet and that of the second inorganic fiber sheet are less likely to be lowered. On the other hand, if the average fiber length of the inorganic fibers is about 100 mm or less, the fiber length of the inorganic fiber is not so long that the handling properties of the inorganic fibers are less likely to be deteriorated at the time of producing the first inorganic fiber sheet and the second inorganic fiber sheet.
The average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b is desirably about 3 μm to about 10 μm and more desirably about 5 μm to about 7 μm.
If the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers is about 3 μm to about 10 μm, it is easily made possible to give sufficiently high strength and flexibility to the inorganic fibers and improve the shear strength of the holding sealing material.
If the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers is about 3 μm or more, the inorganic fibers are not thin and are less likely to be cut, and the tensile strength of the inorganic fibers is less likely to become insufficient. On the other hand, if the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers is about 10 μm or less, the inorganic fibers tend not to be difficult to bend and the flexibility thus is less likely to become insufficient.
The water-proof insulation sheet 41 is desirably a sheet obtained by bonding a flaky inorganic material with an adhesive.
The flaky inorganic material preferably includes one or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron-montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, nontronite, magadiite, ilerite, kanemite, smectite, and layered titanate. The adhesive preferable includes one or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of silicones, polyethylene glycols, polyalkylene glycols, phosphoric acid esters, alkylbenzene, poly-α-olefins, polyol esters, alkylnaphthalene, halocarbons, polyallyl alkanes, polyphenyls, silicic acid esters, and polyphenyl ethers.
The water-proof insulation sheet 41 is desirably a mica sheet obtained by bonding mica with silicone.
The coefficient of water absorption of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is desirably about 3% or lower, more desirably 0% to about 3%, and even more desirably 0% to about 2%.
If the coefficient of water absorption of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is about 3% or less, the water-proofness is not low and condensed water is less likely to penetrate the water-proof insulation sheet and therefore, an exhaust gas purifying apparatus is less likely to cause an electric leakage in the case where electricity is applied to an exhaust gas-treating body.
The insulation resistance of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 is desirably about 108 Ωm to about 1014 Ωm in volume resistivity at normal temperature, and a decrease ratio in the volume resistivity after heating at 550° C. for 1 hour is desirably about 1/500 Ωm or lower as compared with the volume resistivity before heating. If the insulation resistance of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 and the decrease ratio in the volume resistivity after heating at 550° C. for 1 hour as compared with the volume resistivity before heating are within the ranges, the holding sealing material using the water-proof insulation sheet tend to assure good insulating properties at the time of using an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
The holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment may further contain an organic binder.
If the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment contains an organic binder, the inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b tend to be bonded to one another and the holding sealing material tends to be compressed. When the holding sealing material is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, at the time of use of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the organic binder is decomposed by the heat of exhaust gas, the adhesion of the inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet and the second inorganic fiber sheet is released, the first inorganic fiber sheet and the second inorganic fiber sheet are expanded, and thus the holding sealing material easily exhibits high holding force.
The organic binder may be, for example, acrylic resins, rubber such as acrylic rubber, water-soluble organic polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, thermoplastic resins such as styrene resins, and thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins. Particularly preferable among them are acrylic rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber.
The total amount of the organic binder contained in the entire of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is desirably about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % in the total weight of the holding sealing material 1.
If the total amount of the organic binder contained in the entire of the holding sealing material is about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % in the total weight of the holding sealing material, the inorganic fibers tend to be more firmly bonded to one another and the first inorganic fiber sheet and second inorganic fiber sheet (holding sealing material) tend to be provided with improved strength. If the total amount of the organic binder is about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % in the total weight of the holding sealing material, the volume of the first inorganic fiber sheet and second inorganic fiber sheet (holding sealing material) tends to be properly lowered and a proper repulsive force tends to be obtained.
On the other hand, if the total amount of the organic binder contained in the entire of the holding sealing material is about 0.5 wt % or more in the total weight of the holding sealing material, the amount of the organic binder is not so low that the inorganic fibers is less likely to be scattered and the strength of the first inorganic fiber sheet and second inorganic fiber sheet (holding sealing material) is less likely to be lowered.
Further, if the total amount of the organic binder contained in the entire of the holding sealing material is about 20 wt % or less in the total weight of the holding sealing material, the amount of an organic component derived from the organic binder is less likely to be increased in the exhaust gas emitted in the case where the holding sealing material is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, and thus a load is less likely to be applied to the environments.
In the case where the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, even when condensed water is generated by introducing exhaust gas into the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus and condensing steam contained in the exhaust gas or even when condensed water is generated by cooling the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the condensed water is less likely to penetrate the water-proof insulation sheet 41 having water-proofness. For this reason, since the condensed water is thus easily shut out by the water-proof insulation sheet 41, the holding sealing material as a whole is less likely to completely absorb water.
Consequently, since the insulating properties are kept by the holding sealing material 1 between the electrode parts and the metal casing and between the metal casing and the exhaust gas-treating body to which electricity is applied via the electrode parts, the exhaust gas purifying apparatus hardly causes an electric leakage and is easily provided with improved safety even if electricity is applied to the exhaust gas-treating body.
Next, the configuration of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment will be described with reference to drawings.
As shown in
The first inorganic fiber sheet 40a of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment is in contact with the metal casing 150 and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b of the holding sealing material 1 is in contact with the exhaust gas-treating body 140.
The exhaust gas-treating body 140 as shown in
The exhaust gas-treating body 140 is made of a resistance heating body of, for example, silicon carbide, cordierite, and a metal (e.g., iron, aluminum, or stainless steel).
A coating layer 144 is provided on the outer circumference of the exhaust gas-treating body 140 for reinforcing the outer circumference part of the exhaust gas-treating body 140 or adjusting its shape or improving the heat insulation properties of the exhaust gas-treating body 140.
The exhaust gas-treating body 140 may be an exhaust gas-treating body including one honeycomb fired body integrally formed as shown
The exhaust gas-treating body 140 supports a catalyst capable of converting harmful gas components such as CO, HC, and NOx.
Examples of the catalyst include noble metals such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium; alkali metals such as potassium and sodium; alkaline earth metals such as barium, and metal oxides such as CeO2. These catalysts may be used alone or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
A catalyst-supporting layer including an alumina film with a high specific surface area may be formed onto the exhaust gas-treating body 140, and the catalyst may be supported via the catalyst-carrying layer.
The metal casing 150 will be described.
The metal casing 150 shown in
The inner diameter thereof is slightly smaller than the diameter of a wound body in the state where the holding sealing material 1 is wound around the exhaust gas-treating body 140, and the length thereof is approximately the same as that of the exhaust gas-treating body 140 in the longitudinal direction.
A first through hole 155 is formed so that the first electrode 151 and the first insulating material 153 covering the outer circumferential part of the first electrode 151 penetrate the first through hole 155.
A second through hole 156 is formed so that the second electrode 152 and the second insulating material 154 covering the outer circumferential part of the second electrode 152 penetrate the second through hole 156.
A material for the metal casing 150 may be, but is not limited to the stainless steel, metals such as alumina and iron as long as it has heat resistance.
The metal casing may be a metal casing obtained by dividing an approximately cylindrical metal casing into a plurality of metal casing pieces along the longitudinal direction (that is, clamshell), a cylindrical metal casing having a slit (opening part) in one position extended in the longitudinal direction and thus having a C-shaped or U-shaped cross section, or a metal sheet which can be formed into a cylindrical metal casing by winding and fastening the metal sheet around the outer circumference of the holding sealing material wound onto the exhaust gas-treating body.
An introduction pipe for introducing exhaust gas emitted from an engine and a discharge pipe for discharging the exhaust gas passed through the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus outside may be connected to an end part of the metal casing 150.
The configuration of the holding sealing material 1 in this embodiment will not be given since it is already described herein.
As shown in
The first electrode 151 and the first insulating material 153 are fitted in the first through hole 155 of the metal casing 150, and the first electrode 151 penetrates the through hole part 11b of the holding sealing material 1.
A first end part 151a of the first electrode 151 is in contact with the exhaust gas-treating body 140 and a second end part 151b of the first electrode 151 is exposed outside of the metal casing 150.
The outer circumferential part of the second electrode 152 is covered with a second insulating material 154 for assuring the insulating properties between the second electrode 152 and the metal casing 150.
The second electrode 152 and the second insulating material 154 are fitted in the second through hole 156 of the metal casing 150 and the second electrode 152 penetrates the through hole part 11a of the holding sealing material 1.
A first end part 152a of the second electrode 152 is in contact with the exhaust gas-treating body 140 and a second end part 152b of the second electrode 152 is exposed outside of the metal casing 150.
Consequently, the first electrode 151, the second electrode 152, and the exhaust gas-treating body 140 can be electrically communicated by connecting the second end part 151b of the first electrode 151 and the second end part 152b of the second electrode 152 to an electric power source.
On the other hand, the first electrode 151, the second electrode 152 and the exhaust gas-treating body 140 are insulated from the metal casing 150 by the holding sealing material 1, the first insulating material 153, and the second insulating material 154.
The reason for purifying exhaust gas by the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus 160 having the above mentioned configuration will be described below with reference to
An exhaust gas system 200 shown in
The first electrode 151 and the second electrode 152 of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus 160 are connected to an electric power source 217 equipped with a switch 216.
Exhaust gas emitted from the combustion chamber 221 of the engine 220, passed through the first exhaust pipe 213, and introduced into the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus 160 from the end part of the exhaust gas flow-in side is passed through the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus 160 and thereafter discharged outside from the end part of the exhaust gas flow-out side through the second exhaust pipe 214.
The flow of the exhaust gas introduced into the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus 160 will be described in detail with reference to
As shown in
During this process, harmful gas or the like in the exhaust gas can be converted and removed by the catalyst supported on the partitioning walls 142 of the exhaust gas-treating body 140.
The electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus 160 in this embodiment tends to improve the exhaust gas purification efficiency by rapidly heating the exhaust gas-treating body 1 immediately after starting of an engine.
Concretely, the switch 216 shown in
Consequently, even if the temperature of exhaust gas is in a low state immediately after starting of an engine, the exhaust gas-treating body 140 tends to be rapidly heated to the catalytic activation temperature and therefore, harmful gas or the like tends to be efficiently converted.
The respective through holes in one end part of the exhaust gas-treating body 140 may be plugged by a plug material to form plugged cells. The exhaust gas-treating body as described above can work as a diesel particulate filter (DPF) for removing particulate matter (hereinafter, simply referred to also as PM) contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
In this case, the exhaust gas emitted from the diesel engine and flowing in the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus flows in one cell opened in the exhaust gas flow-in side end surface of the exhaust gas-treating body and passes through a cell wall dividing the cells. At this time, PM of the exhaust gas is collected by the cell wall and the exhaust gas is purified.
The purified exhaust gas flows out of another cell opened in the exhaust gas flow-out side end surface and is discharged outside.
Next, a method for producing the holding sealing material in this embodiment and a method for producing an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus will be described.
The holding sealing material in this embodiment is produced through the following steps (1) to (4).
Herein, the case where alumina-silica fibers are used as inorganic fibers constituting both a first inorganic fiber sheet and a second inorganic fiber sheet will be described; however, the inorganic fibers constituting the holding sealing material in this embodiment are not limited to alumina-silica fibers and inorganic fibers having various kinds of compositions such as alumina fibers or the like described above may be used.
(1) First Inorganic Fiber Sheet Production Step
(1-1) Inorganic Fiber Production Step
Silica sol is added to an aqueous basic aluminum chloride solution, which is adjusted so as to control the Al content and the atomic ratio of Al and Cl to be prescribed values, in such a manner that the composition ratio of inorganic fibers after firing may give Al2O3:SiO2=about 60:about 40 to about 80:about 20 (weight ratio). Aiming to improve the formability, a mixed solution is prepared by adding a proper amount of an organic polymer.
The obtained mixed solution is concentrated and used as a mixture for spinning fibers and the mixture for spinning fibers is subjected to fiber spinning by a blowing method to produce inorganic fiber precursors having a prescribed average fiber diameter and a prescribed average fiber length.
The blowing method is a method including supplying a mixture for spinning fibers which is extruded out of a nozzle for supplying a mixture for spinning fibers to high speed gas current (air current) blown out of an air nozzle and spinning inorganic fiber precursors.
(1-2) Compression Step
Next, the inorganic fiber precursors are compressed to produce a continuous long sheet in a prescribed size.
The compression step can be carried out by, for example, a cross-layer method as described in detail below.
The cross layer method is carried out using a layering apparatus constituted of a belt conveyer for transportation in a constant direction and an arm capable of reciprocating on the belt conveyer in the direction perpendicular to the transportation direction of the belt conveyer. The arm supplies the inorganic fiber precursors (precursor webs) collected in a thin sheet manner.
In the case of producing a sheet by the cross layer method using this layering apparatus, first, the belt conveyer is driven for transportation. In this state, while the arm is reciprocated in the direction perpendicular to the transportation direction of the belt conveyer, the precursor webs are continuously supplied to the belt conveyer from the arm. The precursor webs are thus continuously transported by the belt conveyer in the constant direction while being folded and layered a plurality of times on the belt conveyer. When the length of the layered precursor webs becomes proper for handling, the precursor webs are cut to produce a sheet in a prescribed size.
In the sheet produced by the cross layer method, most of the inorganic fiber precursors are arranged approximately in parallel to the first main surface and the second main surface and interlaced loosely with one another.
(1-3) Cutting Step
Next, the long sheet is cut in a prescribed size to produce a first precursor sheet.
(1-4) Firing Step
Successively, the first precursor sheet is fired at a highest temperature of about 1000° C. to about 1600° C. to convert the inorganic fiber precursors into inorganic fibers and thus produce a first inorganic fiber sheet.
The produced first inorganic fiber sheet is a sheet having approximately a rectangular shape in a plane view and having a first main surface and a second main surface on the opposite to the first main surface. The inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another in the first inorganic fiber sheet.
(2) Second Inorganic Fiber Sheet Production Step
A second inorganic fiber sheet having approximately the same configuration as that of the first inorganic fiber sheet is produced through similar steps of the steps (1-1) to (1-4) in the first inorganic fiber sheet production step (1).
The produced second inorganic fiber sheet is a sheet having approximately a rectangular shape in a plane view and having a first main surface and a second main surface on the opposite to the first main surface. The inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another in the second inorganic fiber sheet.
In order to adjust the thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet and the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet to desired values, the amount of the inorganic fiber precursors used may be decreased or the degree of compression of the inorganic fiber precursor may be changed.
(3) Layering Step
Separately, a water-proof insulation sheet is made available.
In the case where a mica sheet is used as the water-proof insulation sheet, the mica sheet is produced as follows.
First, a mica raw ore (soft mica or hard mica) is pulverized to adjust the prescribed particle size and dispersed in water or the like. The obtained dispersion liquid is subjected to a paper production process to produce agglomerated mica.
The produced agglomerated mica is bonded by an adhesive including silicone and dried to produce a mica sheet.
Next, the water-proof insulation sheet is layered on the first inorganic fiber sheet in such a manner that a main surface of the first inorganic fiber sheet and one of the main surfaces of the water-proof insulation sheet are brought into contact with each other.
The second inorganic fiber sheet is layered on the water-proof insulation sheet in such a manner that the other main surface of the water-proof insulation sheet and a main surface of the second inorganic fiber sheet are brought into contact with each other.
In the case where the respective sheets are layered, an inorganic adhesive may be previously applied to the main surface of the first inorganic fiber sheet, the main surfaces of the water-proof insulation sheet, and the main surface of the second inorganic fiber sheet to be brought into contact with one another.
A layered sheet can be produced through the layering step as described above.
(4) Molding and Cutting Step
The produced layered sheet is cut to produce a holding sealing material having a prescribed size. At this time, the cutting is carried out in such a manner that a projected portion is formed in a part of a first short side surface and a recessed portion with a shape to be fitted with the projected portion is formed in a part of a second short side surface among the end surfaces of the holding sealing material.
Specifically, the holding sealing material is produced by using a punching apparatus including a punching plate attached to a tip end of a piston and capable of reciprocating in the up and down direction and a mount plate facing the punching plate and on which a holding sealing material can be mounted.
A punching blade with a shape corresponding to the outer shape of a holding sealing material to be produced and an elastic member made from expansive and contractive rubber or the like are fixed on the punching plate. Further, a through hole is provided in the mount plate in the position corresponding to the punching blade so as to keep the punching blade from being contact with the mount plate in the case where the punching plate approaches the mount plate.
In the case where the holding sealing material is produced by punching using the punching apparatus, the layered sheet is set on the mount plate in such a manner that the first main surface of the layered sheet is in the punching plate side and the second main surface of the layered sheet is set in the mount plate side and the punching plate is moved in the up and down direction.
As a result, the layered sheet is pushed against the elastic member and shrunk in the thickness direction of the layered sheet and at the same time, the punching blade inserts in the inside of the layered sheet from the first main surface side of the layered sheet and the punching blade penetrates the layered sheet, so that the layered sheet is punched in a prescribed shape as shown in
In addition, in the case of producing a holding sealing material having no projected portion and no recessed portion in the short side surfaces, the molding and cutting step is not necessary.
Examples of a method for forming the through hole part in the holding sealing material include a method in which a holding sealing material is produced and then a through hole part is formed by punching the produced holding sealing material with a desired shape using a punching blade; and a method in which a through hole part is punched at the time of the molding and cutting step for the holding sealing material.
In the case where an organic binder is applied to the produced holding sealing material, the following step (5) is carried out.
(5) Organic Binder Application Step
In the case of producing a holding sealing material to which an organic binder is applied, the holding sealing material to which an organic binder is applied can be produced by carrying out the following steps (A) to (C).
(A) Impregnation Step
First, an impregnated holding sealing material is produced by evenly impregnating the entire of the holding sealing material with an organic binder solution containing the organic binder by flow coating or the like.
The organic binder solution can be produced by dissolving an organic binder in a solvent such as water or an organic solvent or dispersing an organic binder in a dispersant such as water.
The concentration of the organic binder solution is desirable to be properly adjusted in such a manner that the total amount of the organic binder contained in the entire of the holding sealing material to which the binder is applied and which is to be produced through the following steps is about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % in the weight of the entire of the holding sealing material to which the binder is applied.
(B) Suction Step
Next, the excess organic binder solution is suctioned and removed from the impregnated holding sealing material by using a suction apparatus or the like.
The suction step is not necessarily carried out and if the amount of the organic binder solution contained in the impregnated holding sealing material is low, the impregnated holding sealing material obtained after the impregnation step may be subjected directly to the following drying step.
(C) Drying Step
Thereafter, the solvent or the like contained in the organic binder solution remaining in the impregnated holding sealing material is evaporated by using a hot air drying apparatus or the like while compressing the impregnated holding sealing material.
Through the steps as described above, the holding sealing material to which the binder is applied can be produced.
Next, a method for producing the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment will be described with reference to drawings.
The electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment is produced through the following steps (1) and (2).
(1) Stuffing Step
The holding sealing material 1 is wound onto the outer circumference of the column-like exhaust gas-treating body 140 in such a manner that the projected portion 34a and the recessed portion 34b are fitted with each other.
As shown in
At the time of stuffing, the position of the through hole of the metal casing and the position of the through hole part of the holding sealing material are fitted. In the case where the position of the through hole of the metal casing and the position of the through hole part of the holding sealing material are different after stuffing, these positions are fitted so as to insert an electrode into the casing and the holding sealing material.
The inner diameter of the metal casing 150 is slightly shorter than the diameter of the wound body.
(2) Electrode Attachment Step
Next, the first electrode 151 and the first insulating material 153 are attached in the first through hole 155.
Similarly, the second electrode 152 and the second insulating material 154 are attached in the second through hole 156.
At this time, the first electrode 151 and the second electrode 152 are attached in such a manner that each of the first electrode 151 and the second electrode 152 penetrates the through hole part 11a or 11b of the holding sealing material 1 and is in contact with the exhaust gas-treating body 140. The respective members are attached in such a manner that the insulating properties are maintained between the first electrode 151 and the metal casing 150 and between the second electrode 152 and the metal casing 150 by the first insulating material 153 and the second insulating material 154.
The electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus 160 in this embodiment shown in
Hereinafter, the effects of the holding sealing material and the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in the first embodiment of the present invention will be exemplified.
(1) The holding sealing material in this embodiment is excellent in insulating properties and water-proofness since a water-proof insulation sheet excellent in insulating properties and water-proofness is used.
Therefore, in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus using the holding sealing material in this embodiment, the entire of the holding sealing material is less likely to completely absorb water since condensed water is easily shut out by the water-proof insulation sheet even if the condensed water is generated.
Since the insulating properties are kept by the holding sealing material between the electrode parts and the metal casing and between the metal casing and the exhaust gas-treating body to which electricity is applied via the electrode parts, the exhaust gas purifying apparatus hardly causes an electric leakage and is provided with improved safety even if electricity is applied to the exhaust gas-treating body.
(2) Since the holding sealing material in this embodiment contains inorganic fiber sheets enriched with flexibility, the holding sealing material has excellent flexibility.
Therefore, the holding sealing material according to the embodiment is easy to be wound onto the outer circumferential surface of the exhaust gas-treating body having a prescribed shape such as a column-like shape or the like and easy to be excellent in handling properties.
(3) In the holding sealing material in this embodiment, the water-proof insulation sheet contains a flaky inorganic material, and the flaky inorganic material preferably includes one or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, iron-montmorillonite, beidellite, saponite, hectorite, stevensite, nontronite, magadiite, ilerite, kanemite, smectite, and layered titanate.
Since the water-proof insulation sheet is excellent in insulating properties and water-proofness, the insulating properties tend to be maintained by the holding sealing material between the electrode parts and the metal casing and between the metal casing and the exhaust gas-treating body to which electricity is applied via the electrode parts. Therefore, the effects of hardly causing an electric leakage in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus even if electricity is applied to the exhaust gas-treating body tend to be preferably obtained.
It is more desirable that the flaky inorganic material is mica.
(4) In the holding sealing material in this embodiment, the water-proof insulation sheet may contain an adhesive, and the adhesive includes one or more kinds of materials selected from the group consisting of silicones, polyethylene glycols, polyalkylene glycols, phosphoric acid esters, alkylbenzene, poly-α-olefins, polyol esters, alkylnaphthalene, halocarbons, polyallyl alkanes, polyphenyls, silicic acid esters, and polyphenyl ethers.
Therefore, the flaky inorganic materials tend to be firmly bonded to one another without deteriorating the flexibility, and the strength of the holding sealing material is easily increased. Since the flaky inorganic materials tend to be densely bonded to one another, water-proofness is easily improved and the insulating properties tend to be maintained by the holding sealing material between the electrode parts and the metal casing and between the metal casing and the exhaust gas-treating body to which electricity is applied via the electrode parts. Therefore, the effects of hardly causing an electric leakage in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus even if electricity is applied to the exhaust gas-treating body tend to be preferably obtained.
It is more desirable that the adhesive is silicone.
(5) In the holding sealing material in this embodiment, the water-proof insulation sheet is sandwiched between the first inorganic fiber sheet and the second inorganic fiber sheet.
Therefore, an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus using the holding sealing material in this embodiment can be configured in such a manner that the first inorganic fiber sheet having impact absorption is in contact with the metal casing and the water-proof insulation sheet is not in direct contact with the metal casing. In the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus having such a configuration, even if impact such as vibration is applied to the metal casing from the outside, the water-proof insulation sheet is hardly broken. Further, the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus is also configured in such a manner that the second inorganic fiber sheet excellent in heat resistance is in contact with the exhaust gas-treating body and the water-proof insulation sheet is not in direct contact with the exhaust gas-treating body. In the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus having such a configuration, even if the exhaust gas-treating body is heated to high temperature by exhaust gas flow, melting loss of the water-proof insulation sheet is hardly caused.
In contrast, in a holding sealing material having a water-proof insulation sheet in at least one main surface, when the water-proof insulation sheet is used while being brought into contact with the metal casing, the water-proof insulation sheet tends to be easily broken by application of impact such as vibration to the metal casing from the outside.
If the water-proof insulation sheet is used while being brought into contact with the exhaust gas-treating body, since the exhaust gas-treating body is heated to high temperature by exhaust gas flow, melting loss of the water-proof insulation sheet is easily caused.
(6) In the holding sealing material in this embodiment, if the first inorganic fiber sheet, the water-proof insulation sheet, and the second inorganic fiber sheet are bonded by an inorganic adhesive, the respective sheets are hardly separated and in the production of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the holding sealing material easily becomes excellent in handling properties.
(7) In the holding sealing material in this embodiment, if the inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet and the second inorganic fiber sheet are at least one kind of inorganic fibers selected from the group consisting of alumina fibers, alumina-silica fibers, silica fibers, biosoluble fibers, and glass fibers, the holding sealing material is easily provided with excellent heat resistance and holding force.
In the case where the inorganic fibers are biosoluble fibers, even if the biosoluble fibers are scattered and taken in a living body at the time of handling the holding sealing material, the biosoluble fibers are dissolved and discharged from the body and are thus likely to be excellent in safety for the human body.
(8) In the case where the holding sealing material in this embodiment contains an organic binder, at the time of use of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the organic binder is decomposed by the heat of high temperature exhaust gas and the inorganic fibers are released from adhesion and the holding sealing material is expanded. Since the holding sealing material expanded in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus has high repulsive force, the holding sealing material tends to exhibit a high holding force.
(9) Since the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment uses the holding sealing material in this embodiment, the exhaust gas purifying apparatus hardly causes an electric leakage and is easily provided with high safety.
(10) In the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment, the exhaust gas-treating body tends to be rapidly heated by applying electricity via the first electrode and the second electrode.
Consequently, the temperature of the exhaust gas-treating body tends to be rapidly raised to the catalyst activation temperature and therefore, even if the exhaust gas temperature is in a low state immediately after starting of an engine, the catalyst is activated and harmful gas or the like tends to be efficiently converted.
A holding sealing material of Example 1 was produced through the following steps (1) to (4).
(1) First Inorganic Fiber Sheet Production Step
(1-1) Fiber Spinning Step
Silica sol was added to an aqueous basic aluminum chloride solution, which was adjusted so as to control the Al content to be 70 g/l and the atomic ratio of Al and Cl to be Al:Cl=1:1.8 (atomic ratio), in such a manner that the composition ratio in the inorganic fibers after firing became Al2O3:SiO2=72:28 (weight ratio), and further a proper amount of an organic polymer (polyvinyl alcohol) was added thereto to prepare a mixed solution.
The obtained mixed solution was concentrated and used as a mixture for spinning fibers and the mixture for spinning fibers was subjected to fiber spinning by a blowing method to produce inorganic fiber precursors.
(1-2) Compression Step
The inorganic fiber precursors obtained in the step (1-1) were compressed by a cross layer method to produce a continuous long sheet in a prescribed size.
(1-3) Cutting Step
Next, the long sheet was cut in a prescribed size to produce a first precursor sheet.
(1-4) Firing Step
Successively, the first precursor sheet was fired at a highest temperature of 1250° C. to produce a first inorganic fiber sheet.
The produced first inorganic fiber sheet had a rectangular shape in a plane view, a size of length 150 cm×width 150 cm×thickness 6.3 mm, and a weight per unit area of 1400 g/m2.
(2) Second Inorganic Fiber Sheet Production Step
A second inorganic fiber sheet having approximately the same configuration as that of the first inorganic fiber sheet was produced through similar steps of the steps (1-1) to (1-4) in the first inorganic fiber sheet production step (1).
The produced second inorganic fiber sheet had a rectangular shape in the plane view, a size of length 150 cm×width 150 cm×thickness 6.3 mm, and a weight per unit area of 1400 g/m2.
(3) Layering Step
Separately, a mica sheet (D581a, produced by Okabe Mica Co., Ltd.) obtained by bonding soft agglomerated mica with silicone was prepared. The mica sheet had approximately a rectangular shape in a plane view, a size of length 150 cm×width 150 cm×thickness 0.4 mm, a density of 2.04×103 kg/m, and a bending strength of 186 MPa. The coefficient of water absorption was 0.28% and the volume resistivity at normal temperature was 5×109 Ωm, and the volume resistivity after heating at 550° C. for 1 hour was 7×107 Ωm.
The first inorganic fiber sheet, the mica sheet, and the second inorganic fiber sheet were layered in this order and these sheets were bonded through an inorganic adhesive to produce a layered sheet.
As the inorganic adhesive, silicone was used.
(4) Molding and Cutting Step
A holding sealing material was produced by cutting the holding sealing material into a prescribed shape by using a punching apparatus.
At this time, the cutting was carried out in such a manner that a projected portion was formed in a part of a first short side surface and a recessed portion with a shape to be fitted with the projected portion was formed in apart of a second short side surface among end surfaces of the holding sealing material.
The produced holding sealing material had a size of length (L) 350 mm×width (W) 80 mm×thickness (T) 9 mm, a weight per unit area of 0.15 g/m2, and a density of 1400 g/cm3.
A projected portion in a size of width 30 mm×length 35 mm was formed in the part of a first short side surface and a recessed portion with a shape to be fitted with the projected portion was formed in the part of a second short side surface.
The thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet was 9 mm, the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet was 9 mm, and the thickness of the mica sheet was 0.5 mm and the ratio of the thickness of the first inorganic fiber sheet, the thickness of the mica sheet, and the thickness of the second inorganic fiber sheet and was 9:0.5:9.
In Comparative Example 1, a holding sealing material was produced in the same manner as Example 1, except that a material same as that of the first inorganic fiber sheet used in the step (1) of Example 1 and having a thickness of 18.5 mm was solely subjected to the molding and cutting step to produce a holding sealing material and neither the water-proof insulation sheet nor the second inorganic fiber sheet was used.
An insulation resistance measurement test was carried out for the holding sealing materials produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
The insulation resistance measurement test was carried out using an insulation resistance measurement tester shown in
An insulation resistance measurement tester 290 shown in
The insulation resistance measurement was carried out as follows, using the insulation resistance measurement tester 290.
First, each produced holding sealing material was punched into a plane view size of 40 mm×40 mm to give a sample 306 for insulation resistance measurement.
The sample 306 for measurement was sandwiched between the upper plates 303 made of SUS and the lower plates 304 made of SUS and fastened by the vice 300 so that the sample 306 for measurement had a thickness of 5 mm.
Next, as shown in
After 5 minutes, as shown in
This measurement was carried out 5 times for each amount of water while the amount of water (content of water) injected into each sample for measurement was changed to 0.3 ml, 2.7 ml, and 5.4 ml (immediately before dripping water), and the average value thereof was measured.
The insulation resistance was also measured in the case where no water was injected to the sample for measurement and the measurement was carried out 5 times and the average value thereof was measured.
Table 1 shows the configurations of the holding sealing materials produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and the results (average values for 5 times measurement) of the insulation resistance measurement test.
As shown in Table 1 and
The value (100 MΩ) set as a standard value is a value set as a sufficient resistance value for preventing occurrence of an electric leakage in the case where voltage commonly employed is applied in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus.
On the other hand, in the case of the holding sealing material produced in Comparative Example 1, since no water-proof insulation sheet was used, the insulation resistance was considerably low, 1.00×10 MΩ or less, at the time when the water content was 0.3 ml and it was significantly below the standard value.
Accordingly, in the case where the holding sealing material produced in Comparative Example 1 was used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, an electric leakage is probably supposed to occur.
Next, a second embodiment, one embodiment of the present invention, will be described with reference to drawings.
The configuration of the holding sealing material in this embodiment is the same as that of the holding sealing material in the first embodiment of the present invention as described above, except that the holding sealing material has a bilayer structure formed by layering one inorganic fiber sheet and one water-proof insulation sheet and therefore, description of duplicated matter will not be given.
The configuration of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment is the same as that of the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in the first embodiment of the present invention as described above, except that the holding sealing material in this embodiment is used and therefore, description of duplicated matter will not be given.
The holding sealing material 2 in this embodiment as shown in
The holding sealing material 2 in the second embodiment of the present invention includes an inorganic fiber sheet 440 in which inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another and a water-proof insulation sheet 441, and the inorganic fiber sheet 440 and the water-proof insulation sheet 441 are layered.
The water-proof insulation sheet 441 covers the entire surface of one main surface of the inorganic fiber sheet 440.
Through hole parts 411a and 411b are provided in the holding sealing material 2 for inserting electrodes.
In the case where the holding sealing material 2 in this embodiment is used in an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus, the inorganic fiber sheet 440 side of the holding sealing material 2 may be arranged in the metal casing side or the water-proof insulation sheet 441 may be arranged in the metal casing side.
The ratio of the thickness of the inorganic fiber sheet 440 and the water-proof insulation sheet 441 is desirably about 1:about 1 to about 10000:about 1.
Inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another in the inorganic fiber sheet 440.
The type of the inorganic fibers is the same as the type of the inorganic fibers constituting the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b described in the first embodiment.
The other configurations of the inorganic fiber sheet 440 are approximately the same as those of the first inorganic fiber sheet 40a and the second inorganic fiber sheet 40b described in the first embodiment of the present invention and therefore, the description will not be given.
The configuration of the water-proof insulation sheet 441 is approximately the same as that of the water-proof insulation sheet 41 described in the first embodiment of the present invention and therefore, the description will not be given.
Next, a method for producing the holding sealing material in this embodiment will be described.
The method for producing the holding sealing material in this embodiment is the same as that for producing the holding sealing material in the first embodiment of the present invention as described above, except that no second inorganic fiber sheet is used.
That is, a first inorganic fiber sheet is produced through the same step as that in the first inorganic fiber sheet production step (1) in the method for producing the holding sealing material in the first embodiment of the present invention; the first inorganic fiber sheet and a water-proof insulation sheet are layered through the same step as that in the layering step (3) to produce a layered sheet: and the layered sheet is cut into a prescribed shape through the same step as that in the molding and cutting step (4) to produce a holding sealing material.
Additionally, an organic binder application step (5) may be carried out if necessary to apply an organic binder to the produced holding sealing material and thus a holding sealing material to which the organic binder is applied can be produced.
A method for producing the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment is the same as that for producing the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in the first embodiment of the present invention as described above, except that the holding sealing material in this embodiment is used.
That is, the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in this embodiment can be produced by using the holding sealing material in this embodiment through the stuffing step (1) and the electrode attachment step (2) in the first embodiment of the present invention.
In the stuffing step, the holding sealing material may be wound onto an exhaust gas-treating body while the inorganic fiber sheet side of the holding sealing material is set in the outside (metal casing side) or the holding sealing material may be wound onto an exhaust gas-treating body while the inorganic fiber sheet side of the holding sealing material is set in the inside (exhaust gas-treating body side).
The effects (1) to (4) and the effects (6) to (10) described in the first embodiment of the present invention can be also exerted in the holding sealing material and the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus in the second embodiment of the present invention.
The holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention may further contain an expanding material.
Specifically, the inorganic fiber sheet constituting the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention may contain an expanding material.
In the holding sealing material containing an expanding material, the expanding material is expanded by the heat of high temperature exhaust gas at the time of use of an electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus. Since the holding sealing material expanded in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus has high repulsive force, the holding sealing material tends to exhibit high holding force.
Examples of the expanding material include expansive vermiculite, bentonite, and expansive graphite.
The holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention may be sufficient if it contains at least one inorganic fiber sheet and at least one water-proof insulation sheet and may contain a plurality of inorganic fiber sheets and a plurality of water-proof insulation sheets.
Specifically, the holding sealing material may be a holding sealing material including a plurality of inorganic fiber sheets and a plurality of water-proof insulation sheets and being obtained by alternately layering an inorganic fiber sheet and a water-proof insulation sheet.
Examples of the holding sealing material include a holding sealing material having a five-layer structure constituted by layering a first inorganic fiber sheet, a first water-proof insulation sheet, a second inorganic fiber sheet, a second water-proof insulation sheet, and a third inorganic fiber sheet in this order.
In this case, the respective inorganic fiber sheets and water-proof insulation sheets of the holding sealing material may be bonded to one another by an inorganic adhesive.
Each of the plurality of inorganic fiber sheets of the holding sealing material may include the same inorganic fibers or may include different inorganic fibers.
For example, in the case of the holding sealing material having a five-layer structure, the first inorganic fiber sheet and the second inorganic fiber sheet may include alumina-silica fibers, and the third inorganic fiber sheet may include silica fibers. Since the inorganic fiber sheet including alumina-silica fibers is excellent in heat resistance and the inorganic fiber sheet including silica fibers is excellent in holding force, a holding sealing material tends to be provided with both advantageous properties.
In the electrically heating exhaust gas purifying apparatus using the holding sealing material, the first inorganic fiber sheet including alumina-silica fibers, which is more excellent in heat resistance, is desirable to be arranged in the exhaust gas-treating body side.
The inorganic fiber sheet constituting the holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a needling sheet subjected to a needling treatment.
The needling treatment is treatment of inserting in and pulling out fiber interlacing means such as needles or the like for an inorganic fiber sheet or a first precursor sheet.
In the inorganic fiber sheet subjected to the needling treatment, inorganic fibers with a relatively long average fiber length are more densely interlaced with one another and therefore, the bulk (volume) of the inorganic fiber sheet is properly lowered and a proper repulsive force tends to be obtained.
The holding sealing material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an inorganic fiber sheet in which inorganic fibers are interlaced with one another and a water-proof insulation sheet containing a flaky inorganic material as indispensable constituents, and desired effects tend to be caused by properly combining various kinds of constitutions described in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and other embodiments of the present invention (e.g., composition of the inorganic fibers, fiber length of the inorganic fiber, and composition of the water-proof insulation sheet, etc.) with the indispensable constituents.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-010167 | Jan 2011 | JP | national |
