Claims
- 1. A method for assaying sequence-specific hybridization, said method comprising:
providing a target comprising at least one target biopolymer sequence; providing a probe comprising at least one probe biopolymer sequence; adding said probe and said target to a binding medium to provide a test sample; applying a first stimulus to said test sample to provide a first stimulated test sample; detecting a first signal from said first stimulated test sample, wherein said first signal is correlated with a binding affinity between said probe and said target; applying a second stimulus to said first stimulated test sample to provide a second stimulated test sample; detecting a second signal from said second stimulated test sample, wherein said second signal is correlated with said binding affinity between said probe and said target; and comparing said first signal and said second signal to accomplish said assaying; wherein at least one label is provided in said test sample, and said first stimulus, said second stimulus, said first signal and said second signal are electromagnetic radiation, provided that when said first stimulus and said second stimulus are photonic radiation, an intermediate electronic stimulus is applied to said test sample after said first stimulus and before said second stimulus, and when said first stimulus and said second stimulus are electronic radiation, said first signal and said second signal are electric current.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first stimulus is photonic and said second stimulus is electronic.
- 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said first stimulus is photonic and said second stimulus is photonic.
- 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said first stimulus is electronic and said second stimulus is photonic.
- 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first stimulus is electronic and said second stimulus is electronic.
- 6. The method of claim 1, wherein application of said second stimulus is at least partially coextensive with application of said first stimulus.
- 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said first signal is photonic and said second signal is electronic.
- 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said first signal is photonic and said second signal is photonic.
- 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said first signal is electronic and said second signal is photonic.
- 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said first signal is electronic and said second signal is electronic.
- 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic radiation is selected from the group consisting of photonic radiation and electronic radiation.
- 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said photonic radiation is a laser beam.
- 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said electronic radiation is electric voltage.
- 14. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one label transfers energy to at least one other label to generate at least one of said first signal and said second signal.
- 15. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one label is chemiluminescent or electrochemiluminescent.
- 16. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one label is an electron spin label.
- 17. The method of claim 1, wherein said probe biopolymer sequence and said target biopolymer sequence contain nucleobases and said probe hybridizes specifically with said target to form a duplex.
- 18. The method of claim 1, wherein said probe biopolymer sequence and said target biopolymer sequence contain nucleobases and said probe hybridizes specifically with said target to form a triplex.
- 19. The method of claim 1, wherein said probe biopolymer sequence and said target biopolymer sequence contain nucleobases and said probe hybridizes specifically with said target to form a quadruplex.
- 20. The method of claim 1, wherein said probe is a nucleic acid analog containing at least one of an uncharged backbone, a partially charged backbone, a cationic moiety, a crosslinking agent, a crosslinking sidechain and a nucleobase analog.
- 21. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said probe biopolymer sequence and said target biopolymer sequence contains an amino acid sequence.
- 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying at least one additional stimulus to said second stimulated test sample to provide an additionally stimulated test sample; detecting at least one additional signal from said additionally stimulated test sample, wherein said at least one additional signal is correlated with said binding affinity between said probe and said target; and comparing said first signal, said second signal and said at least one additional signal to accomplish said assaying.
- 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said first stimulus, said second stimulus and said at least one additional stimulus are different from each other.
- 24. The method of claim 22, wherein at least one of said first signal, said second signal and said at least one additional signal is applied non-continuously.
- 25. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said first signal and said second signal is applied non-continuously.
- 26. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said probe and said target is bonded to a substrate, surface, partition, membrane or electrode.
- 27. A method for assaying sequence-specific hybridization, said method comprising:
providing a target; providing a probe, wherein at least one of said probe and said target comprises at least one biopolymer sequence; adding said probe and said target to a binding medium to provide a test sample; applying a first stimulus to said test sample to provide a first stimulated test sample; detecting a first signal from said first stimulated test sample, wherein said first signal is correlated with a binding affinity between said probe and said target; applying a second stimulus to said first stimulated test sample to provide a second stimulated test sample; detecting a second signal from said second stimulated test sample, wherein said second signal is correlated with said binding affinity between said probe and said target; and comparing said first signal and said second signal to accomplish said assaying; wherein at least one label is provided in said test sample, and said first stimulus, said second stimulus, said first signal and said second signal are electromagnetic radiation, provided that when said first stimulus and said second stimulus are photonic radiation, an intermediate electronic stimulus is applied to said test sample after said first stimulus and before said second stimulus, and when said first stimulus and said second stimulus are electronic radiation, said first signal and said second signal are electric current.
- 28. The method of claim 27, wherein at least one of said probe and said target is a protein, a peptide or a lipid membrane.
- 29. The method of claim 27, wherein one of said probe or said target is not a biopolymer.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/490,273, filed Jan. 24, 2000.
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09490273 |
Jan 2000 |
US |
Child |
09911047 |
Jul 2001 |
US |