Patent Application
20170072358
The present invention relates to a honeycomb filter.
Conventionally, there is known a porous ceramic honeycomb filter that is known as a diesel particulate filter or the like. Conventionally, various forms of honeycomb filters have been disclosed as described below.
Patent Literature 1: U.S. Pat. No. 6,673,414
However, for enhancing thermal shock resistance, the filter is demanded to reduce temperature gradient without causing an excessive rise in pressure loss.
The present invention, which has been made in view of the above problem, provides a honeycomb filter that can reduce temperature gradient without causing an excessive rise in pressure loss.
A honeycomb filter according to the present invention comprises a porous columnar body including an inlet-side end face, an outlet-side end face, a plurality of inlet-side flow passages and a plurality of outlet-side flow passages, the plurality of the inlet-side flow passages including open parts on the inlet-side end face and including closed parts on the outlet-side end face, the plurality of the outlet-side flow passages including open parts on the outlet-side end face and including closed parts on the inlet-side end face.
A central part of the columnar body in an axis direction parallel to the inlet-side flow passage and the outlet-side flow passage includes a first region and a second region, the first region being a region where the number of outlet-side flow passages adjacent to each inlet-side flow passage is Nio1 (Nio1 is any natural number), the second region being a region where the number of outlet-side flow passages adjacent to each inlet-side flow passage is Nio2 (Nio2 is any natural number) and Nio2≠ Nio1 is satisfied.
The outlet-side flow passage is not adjacent to another outlet-side flow passage, at the first region and the second region in the central part of the columnar body in the axis direction.
According to the present invention, since the first region and the second region that are different from each other in the arrangement relation of the outlet-side flow passage relative to the inlet-side flow passage are included, it is possible to differentiate the pressure loss at the time of gas passing, between the first region and the second region. Accordingly, it is possible to control the flowing way of gas and the deposition condition of particles, for each location. Further, since the outlet-side flow passages are not adjacent to each other at the first region and the second region, partition walls forming the outlet-side flow passages can effectively function as filtration walls.
Here, it is possible that, when an inter-centroid distance between a centroid of an open part shape of the outlet-side flow passage and a centroid of an open part shape of a closest other outlet-side flow passage to the outlet-side flow passage is P1 and an inter-centroid distance between the centroid of the open part shape of the outlet-side flow passage and a centroid of an open part shape of a second-closest other outlet-side flow passage to the outlet-side flow passage is P2, P2/P1 is less than 2, at each of the first region and the second region on the outlet-side end face.
Further, it is possible that the total number of the inlet-side flow passages/the total number of the outlet-side flow passages is greater than 1, at each of the first region and the second region.
Further, it is possible that a shape of at least any one of cross-sections of the inlet-side flow passage and the outlet-side flow passage is a regular hexagon, at each of the first region and the second region in the central part of the columnar body in the axis direction, the cross-sections being perpendicular to the axis.
Further, it is possible that each of the first region and the second region does not include a flow passage that is closed on both of the inlet-side end face and the outlet-side end face.
Further, it is possible that an area of a cross-section of a region resulting from adding the first region and the second region occupies 80% or greater of a total cross-section area of the honeycomb filter, the cross-section being perpendicular to the axis.
Further, it is possible that the closed parts of the inlet-side flow passage and the outlet-side flow passage each include column-shaped bodies that are plugged into the flow passages.
Further, it is possible that cross-section areas of the open parts of the inlet-side flow passage and the outlet-side flow passage on both end faces of the columnar body each are greater compared to cross-section areas in the axis-directional central part.
Further, it is possible that the first region contains a central axis of the columnar body, and the second region surrounds the first region, the central axis being parallel to the inlet-side flow passage and the outlet-side flow passage.
According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce temperature gradient without causing an excessive rise in pressure loss.
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A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A honeycomb filter 100 according to the embodiment includes a cylindrical body 10 shown in
The (a) and (b) of
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In the embodiment, each closed part is a column-shaped body that is plugged into the flow passage. Here, the height of the closed part 70Pin1 is defined as H1, and the height of the closed part 70Pin2 is defined as H2.
In the honeycomb filter, adjacent flow passages are partitioned by a partition wall W, and through the partition wall W, the passing of gas is possible between the flow passages.
As shown in
Here, in the specification, “two flow passages are adjacent” means that two flow passages are partitioned through one partition wall in the thickness direction of the partition wall. Two flow passages that are positioned with a diagonal relation in a so-called square flow passage arrangement are not flow passages that are adjacent to each other.
Here, the number of outlet-side flow passages Hout that are adjacent to one inlet-side flow passage Hin at the central part R1 is defined as Nio1, the number of other inlet-side flow passages Hin that are adjacent to one inlet-side flow passage Hin at the central part R1 is defined as Nii1, the number of outlet-side flow passages Hout that are adjacent to one inlet-side flow passage Hin at the peripheral part R2 is defined as Nio2, and the number of other inlet-side flow passages Hin that are adjacent to one inlet-side flow passage Hin at the peripheral part R2 is defined as Nii2. In the embodiment., as is obvious from
In the (a) of
In the embodiment, as shown in
It is possible that the area of the axis-perpendicular cross-section of a region resulting from adding the central part (first region) R1 and the peripheral part (second region) R2 is 80% or greater of the area of the axis-perpendicular cross-section of the cylindrical body 10, and it is preferable to be 85% or greater, and it is more preferable to be 90% or greater. Her; in the calculation of the area of each region, not only the cross-section areas of the flow passages but also the cross-section areas of the partition walls among the flow passages are included. However, the cross-section areas of parts that are on the border between the regions and that do not accord with the arrangement rules for the regions, and the cross-section areas of parts where the cross-section shapes are influenced by the external wall are excluded.
The area of the central part (first region) R1/the area of the peripheral part (second region) R2 can be 0.25 to 4.
As described above, in the embodiment, the shape of the axis-perpendicular cross-section of at least any one of the inlet-side flow passage 70Hin and the outlet-side flow passage 70Hout is a regular hexagon, at least in the central part of the honeycomb filter in the axis direction (hereinafter, referred to as the axis-directional central part). A regular hexagonal flow passage among various polygonal flow passages, in the case where the Reynolds number for which the representative length is the square root of the flow passage cross-section area is identical between flow passages to be compared, has the smallest fluid friction coefficient, and therefore the cross-section shape being a regular hexagon contributes to the reduction in pressure loss. Particularly, the case where the cross-section area of the outlet-side flow passage 70Hout is a regular hexagon and where the cross-section areas of the six adjacent inlet-side flow passages 70Hin is smaller than the cross-section area of the outlet-side flow passage 70Hout is preferable, because it is possible to increase the filtration area and to decrease the pressure loss when soot has accumulated.
Here, although the illustration is omitted, the cylindrical body 10 includes an external wall, and a plurality of both-end closed flow passages are arranged between the external side of the peripheral part R2 and the external wall. The both-end closed flow passages each include closed parts on the inlet-side end face 10Ein and include closed parts on the outlet side end face 10Eout. The both-end closed flow passages can be formed at part where the cross-section shapes are influenced by the external wall.
The material of the cylindrical body is a porous ceramic. Examples of the ceramic include aluminum titanate, silicon carbide and cordierite. The aluminum titanate can contain magnesium, silicon or the like.
Such a honeycomb filter can be produced by the following method. First, the extrusion molding of molding raw material is performed by an extrusion molding machine, and the obtained molded body is dried as necessary and thereafter is cut into a predetermined length, so that a honeycomb molded body having the cross-section shape shown in the (a) and (b) of
The composition of the molding raw material only needs to be a composition that provides a porous ceramic after the firing. For example, it is possible to contain a ceramic raw material, an organic binder, a pore-forming agent, a solvent, and additives that are added as necessary.
The ceramic raw material is a powder containing elements that compose the ceramic. The binder can be an organic binder, and examples thereof include celluloses such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyalkyl methylcellulose, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose; alcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol; and lignosulfonates. Examples of the additive include lubricant, plasticizer and dispersant.
Thereafter, one end of each through-hole is closed such that the inlet-side flow passages 70Hin and the outlet-side flow passages 70Hout each are arranged at the central part R1 and peripheral part R2 of the honeycomb molded body as described above, and thereafter, the closed honeycomb molded body is fired. Thereby, the honeycomb filter 100 according to the embodiment is obtained. Further, before the firing, the honeycomb molded body may be dried.
According to the embodiment, the central part R1 is configured as Nio1=3 and Nii1=3 while the peripheral part R2 is configured as Nio2=2 and Nii2=4, and the number of outlet-side flow passages 70Hout that are adjacent to one inlet-side flow passage 70Hin decreases at the peripheral part R2, compared to the central part R1. Therefore, the passing resistance of the gas that goes from the inlet side toward the outlet side rises at the peripheral part R2, compared to the central part R1. Accordingly, the gas flow is controlled such that the flow of the gas is concentrated on the central part R1, compared to the peripheral part R2. In this case, for example, it is possible to control the combustion behavior and the temperature distribution at the time of regeneration, by suppressing the heat removal by gas at the outer circumference part at the time of regeneration or the like, or by collecting carbon particles selectively at the central part.
Further, since the outlet-side flow passages 70Hout are not adjacent to each other at the central part R1 and the peripheral part R2, the partition walls W forming the outlet-side flow passages 70Hout can effectively function as filtration walls. When the outlet-side flow passages 70Hout are adjacent to each other, the partition walls partitioning the outlet-side flow passages 70Hout cannot function as filters, and therefore, the efficiency is reduced.
Further, in the embodiment, the both-end closed flow passage is not included at the central part R1 and the peripheral part R2, and therefore, it is possible to utilize the filter volume effectively.
The height H1 of the closed part at the central part R1 on the inlet-side end face 10Ein and the height H2 of the closed part at the peripheral part R2 on the inlet-side end face 10Ein, which are shown in
Subsequently, a honeycomb filter according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to
In the honeycomb filter according to the second embodiment, the cross-section shape in the axis-directional central part is the same as the first embodiment (see
As shown in
For example, as shown in the (a) of
As shown in the (b) of
Further, as shown in the (a) of
As shown in the (b) of
The embodiment also includes the same Nio1, Nii1, Nio2 and Nii2 as the first embodiment, and therefore, the passing resistance of gas rises at the peripheral part R2, compared to the central part R1. Accordingly, the control of the gas flow is possible between the central part R1 and the peripheral part R2.
Further, since the outlet-side flow passages 70Hout are not adjacent to each other in the axis-directional central parts of the central part R1 and the peripheral part R2, the partition walls forming the outlet-side flow passages 70H out can effectively function as filtration walls.
Such a honeycomb filter can be produced by the following method. First, the extrusion molding of molding raw material is performed by an extrusion molding machine, and the obtained molded body is dried as necessary and thereafter is cut into a predetermined length, so that a honeycomb molded body having the cross-section shape shown in
Subsequently, as shown in
Next, similarly, the inlet-side flow passages 70Hin on the outlet-side end face 10Eout are closed with another closing jig. The protrusions of the closing jig that are inserted into the outlet-side flow passages 70Hout, for example, can have a hexagonal pyramid shape. Thereafter, the honeycomb molded body 100′ in which both end faces are closed is fired, and thereby, the honeycomb filter 100 according to the embodiment is obtained. Further, before the firing, the honeycomb molded body may be dried.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modified modes are possible.
For example, in the above embodiments, the central part R1 is configured as Nio1=3 and Nii1=3, and the peripheral part R2 is configured as Nio2=2 and Nii2=4. However, by interchanging the arrangement between the central part and the peripheral part, it is possible to adopt Nio1=2 and Nii1=4 for the central part R1 and to adopt Nio2=3 and Nii2=3 for the peripheral part R2. In this case, the passing resistance of gas decreases at the peripheral part R2, compared to the central part R1. Accordingly, the gas flow is controlled such that the flow of gas is concentrated on the peripheral part R2, compared to the central part R1. In this case, for example, it is possible to increase the generation of combustion heat at the peripheral part, at the time of regeneration, by supplying a high-temperature gas selectively to the outer circumference part at the time of regeneration or the like, or by collecting carbon particles selectively at the peripheral part.
Further, as long as Nio2 ≠ Nio1 holds, the values of Nio1 and Nio2 are not particularly limited if being any natural numbers.
Furthermore, in the above embodiments, Nio1 ≠ Nio2 holds, between the central part R1 as the first region and the peripheral part R2 as the second region, but the present invention is not limited this. For example, the right half of the filter cross-section may be adopted as the first region R1, and the left half may be adopted as the second region R2. The positions and shapes of the two regions (R1 and R2) can be appropriately changed depending on the intended use, use method, regeneration method and others of the filter. Also, it is possible to set three or more regions.
For satisfying Nio1 ≠ Nio2 between the first region and the second region, it is only necessary to close a honeycomb molded body in which through-holes are uniformly arranged, at different positions for each region. Here, the positional relation between the inlet-side flow passages and the outlet-side flow passages changes by changing the closing positions, and therefore, Nio1+Nii1=Nio2+Nii2 holds. Accordingly, when Nio1 ≠ Nio2 holds, Nii1 ≠ Nii2 holds. In the above embodiments, as is obvious from Nio1+Nii1=Nio2+Nii2=6, it is preferable that the number of other flow passages adjacent to one flow passage in the axis-directional central part be 6. However, Nio1+Nii1=Nio2+Nii2 ≠ 6 is also possible.
Further, although the first embodiment is a mode in which all closed parts include the column-shaped bodies and the second embodiment is a mode in which all closed parts enlarge the cross-section areas of the adjacent flow passages, the two modes may be mixed.
Further, it is possible that, when the inter-centroid distance between the centroid of the open part shape of the outlet-side flow passage and the centroid of the open part shape of the closest other outlet-side flow passage to the outlet-side flow passage is P1 (for example, see
In the above first and second embodiments, P2/P1 =1.7321 holds.
Further, it is preferable that P1/the hydraulic equivalent diameter DH of the outlet-side flow passage be less than 3.5 at each of the first region and the second region. The hydraulic equivalent diameter is 4×(flow-passage cross-section area)/(flow-passage wetted perimeter). The above ratio exceeding 3.5 indicates that the outlet-side flow passage is relatively small, and in some cases, the pressure loss increases. In the case where the outlet-side flow passage has a plurality of hydraulic equivalent diameters, it is only necessary to use the average hydraulic equivalent diameter. In the above first and second embodiments, P1/DH is in a range of P1/DH=1.29 to 3.25, at each of the first region and the second region.
Further, it is preferable that the total number of the inlet-side flow passages/the total number of the outlet-side flow passages be greater than 1 at each of the first region and the second region. In the case where the above ratio is 1, a checker pattern in the so-called square arrangement is formed, but in the case of being greater than 1, it is possible to make the total cross-section area of the inlet-side flow passages greater than the total cross-section area of the outlet-side flow passages, and the volume in which particles in the filter can be collected increases. In the above first and second embodiments, the above ratio is 2 at the first region, and the above ratio is 3 at the second region.
Further, the honeycomb filter may be another columnar body (for example, a rectangular column or an elliptic column), instead of a cylindrical body. The number and diameter of the flow passages also are not particularly limited, the cross-section shape of each flow passage also is not limited to a hexagon, and the arrangement of the flow passages and the like also are not limited to the above embodiments. The cell density, for example, can be 100 to 800 cpsi, and preferably, 200 to 600 cpsi.
Honeycomb filters in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 were produced.
Filter size: A cylinder with an outer diameter of 5.66 inches and a length of 6 inches
Arrangement of flow passage: Six flow passages (hexagon) were adjacent around each one flow passage (hexagon) through the partition walls. Nio1=2 and Nii1=4 at the central part R1 (within the radius of 0.75 R), Nio2=3 and Nii2=3 at the peripheral part R2 (beyond the radius of 0.75 R), P2/P1=1:73, P1/DH=2.44 at the central part R1, P1/DH=1.88 at the peripheral part R2, and the ratio of the area of the axis-perpendicular cross-section of the region resulting from adding the central part R1 and the peripheral part R2 with respect to the total cross-section area of the honeycomb filter=0.929
Material: Porous aluminum titanate
Arrangement of flow passage: Nio1=3 and Nii1=3 at the central part R1 (within the radius of 0.75 R), Nio2=2 and Nii2=4 at the peripheral part R2 (beyond the radius of 0.75 R): the same as
The others were the same as Example 1.
Arrangement of flow passage: Nio2=3 and Nii2=3 in the whole, P1/DH at the central part R1=1.88, P1/DH at the peripheral part R2=1.88, and the ratio of the area of the axis-perpendicular cross-section of the region resulting from adding the central part R1 and the peripheral part R2 with respect to the total cross-section area of the honeycomb filter=0.938
The others were the same as Example 1.
(Measurement of Pressure Loss Due to Deposited Soot)
Soot was deposited in each filter, at a soot generation rate of 10 g/h, at a gas flow rate of 250 kg/h and at a gas temperature of 240° C., and the pressure loss when 8 g/L of soot was deposited in each filter was measured. The deposition amount of soot was calculated by measuring the filter weights before and after the deposition of soot. Each pressure loss when the pressure loss in Comparative Example 1 is defined as 1 is shown in Table 1.
(Regeneration Experiment 1 for Filter)
After about 8 to 9 g/L of soot was deposited in each filter as described above, a gas flow rate of about 105 kg/h and a gas temperature of about 680° C. were kept for 510 seconds, and the soot was combusted. Then, the change in the soot deposition amount before and after the regeneration (combustion) was divided by the soot deposition amount before the regeneration, and thereby, the regeneration efficiency was evaluated. Further, thermocouples were inserted at a position of 25 mm from the outlet-side end face of the filter, at intervals of 1.75 cm from the central axis, and thereby, the maximum temperature gradient at the time of the regeneration was measured. The result is shown in Table 1.
(Regeneration Experiment 2 for Filter)
After about 13 g of soot was deposited in each filter as described above, first, the temperature was raised at a gas flow rate of about 105 kg/h and at about 30° C./min. During the temperature rise, at the time point when the pressure loss became 95% of the maximum value measured until that time, the condition was changed to a gas flow rate of about 50 kg/h and a gas temperature of about 150° C. and was kept for 420 seconds. Thereafter, the regeneration efficiency and the maximum temperature gradient were measured, similarly to the above description.
10Ein . . . inlet-side end face, 10Eout . . . outlet-side end face, 70Hin . . . inlet-side flow passage, 70Hout . . . outlet-side flow passage, 10 . . . cylindrical body (columnar body), 100 . . . honeycomb filter, R1 . . . central part (first region), R2 . . . peripheral part (second region)
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-040782 | Mar 2014 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/056084 | 3/2/2015 | WO | 00 |
