The present invention relates to pneumatic tire building and, more particularly to the application of a bead area filling apex during tire building.
During the building of pneumatic tires, it is common practice to apply uncured elastomeric filler material in the bead area, typically radially outward from the bead core, in order to provide a smoothly tapered transition from the relatively thick bead area to the typically thinner sidewall. In so doing, the filler material, termed an “apex” (or more specifically for this usage a “bead apex”), prevents trapped air pockets from forming in the transition area. Current tire building practice is to pre-form the apex in a long, somewhat triangular strip that is either precut to a required length, or may be a long continuous strip that is wound on a supply reel. Subsequently the apex is supplied to the tire building machine where the apex is wrapped around the carcass in the bead area, “stitched” (pressed) in place, and cut to length if necessary. Some tire building machines utilize an intermediary “false drum” wherein the apex is first supplied to and wrapped around the false drum, cut to length, and then transferred from the false drum to the carcass on a tire building drum by rolling the false drum against the building drum, thereby stitching the apex to the carcass. It is also known to bond an apex to a bead core in a separate operation before the bead core is applied to the carcass on the tire building machine.
A common feature of the known apex application methods is that the apex is pre-formed (typically by extruding) in a separate operation at a different location from the tire building machine and at an earlier time (typically much earlier) than when the pre-formed apex is eventually applied to a carcass during the tire building operation. Another common feature is the use of significantly high pressure for stitching the apex to the carcass, the high pressure being required to re-shape the pre-formed apex to conform to bead area contours such that gaps are filled and air pockets are eliminated.
Some tire constructions have complex contours in the bead area and/or have multiple bead cores or other relatively rigid bead area components such that re-shaping the apex to fill all gaps may require stitching pressures high enough to potentially move bead area components on the building drum, thereby potentially creating tire non-uniformities that will negatively impact tire performance. It is an object of this invention to overcome this problem related to apex application at a tire building machine.
According to the invention a method is disclosed for applying an apex at a workstation of a pneumatic tire building machine wherein a carcass reinforcement ply and one or more bead area components have been built into an in-process carcass on a tire building drum of the tire building machine, the method characterized by the step of extruding hot apex material to form the apex at the workstation.
According to the invention the method is further characterized by the step of extruding into a bead area of the in-process carcass on the tire building drum. Preferably this method is further characterized by the steps of: firstly laying a carcass reinforcement ply on the tire building drum; secondly applying a first bead area component that is a rubber wedge; thirdly wrapping a turnup portion of the carcass reinforcement ply around the rubber wedge; fourthly applying a second bead area component that is an inextensible bead core onto the turnup portion axially inward of the rubber wedge; fifthly expanding the tire building drum; and sixthly performing the extruding step.
According to the invention the method is further characterized by the steps of: extruding the hot apex material onto an application drum; and applying a hot apex from the application drum into a bead area of the in-process carcass on the tire building drum. Preferably, this method is further characterized by the steps of: firstly laying a carcass reinforcement ply on the tire building drum; secondly applying a first bead area component that is a rubber wedge; thirdly wrapping a turnup portion of the carcass ply around the rubber wedge; fourthly applying a second bead area component that is an inextensible bead core onto the turnup portion axially inward of the rubber wedge; fifthly expanding the tire building drum; and sixthly performing the step of applying the hot apex from the application drum into the bead area of the in-process carcass on the tire building drum.
According to the invention, a tire building machine including a tire building drum is disclosed, the tire building machine characterized by an apex-forming injector-extruder for extruding hot apex material. Preferably, the tire building machine is further characterized in that the injector-extruder is configured for extruding hot apex material onto the tire building drum, or alternatively, the tire building machine is further characterized by an application drum configured for transferring a hot apex onto the tire building drum; and wherein the injector-extruder is configured for extruding the hot apex onto the application drum.
According to the invention, an apex applicator is disclosed for a first stage tire building machine including a tire building drum at a workstation, the apex applicator characterized by: an apex-forming injector-extruder for extruding hot apex material, wherein the apex applicator is located at the workstation. Preferably, the apex applicator is further characterized in that the injector-extruder is configured for extruding hot apex material onto the tire building drum, or alternatively, the apex applicator is further characterized by an application drum configured for transferring a hot apex onto the tire building drum; and wherein the injector-extruder is configured for extruding the hot apex onto the application drum.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent in light of the following description thereof.
Reference will be made in detail to preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures. The figures are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Although the invention is generally described in the context of these preferred embodiments, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the invention to these particular embodiments.
Certain elements in selected ones of the drawings may be illustrated not-to-scale, for illustrative clarity. The cross-sectional views, if any, presented herein may be in the form of “slices”, or “near-sighted” cross-sectional views, omitting certain background lines which would otherwise be visible in a true cross-sectional view, for illustrative clarity.
Elements of the figures can be numbered such that similar (including identical) elements may be referred to with similar numbers in a single drawing. For example, each of a plurality of elements collectively referred to as 199 may be referred to individually as 199a, 199b, 199c, etc. Or, related but modified elements may have the same number but are distinguished by primes. Such relationships, if any, between similar elements in the same or different figures will become apparent throughout the specification, including, if applicable, in the claims and abstract.
The structure, operation, and advantages of the present preferred embodiment of the invention will become further apparent upon consideration of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Although the present invention has broad applicability, it will be described in the context of a particular embodiment of tire construction generally known as a run-flat tire, or an extended mobility tire (EMT).
During building of the tire 10 on a tire building drum, a first elongated insert 56 is applied in a sidewall region 40 outward of a tire innerliner 48 and prior to application of the carcass reinforcement ply 12. After the primary carcass reinforcement ply 12 is wound onto the building drum but is not yet turned about the rubber wedge 22, a second elongated insert 58 is applied. A short length carcass reinforcement ply 60 is laid outward of the second elongated insert 58. The rubber wedge 22 is then laid on the ends of the reinforcement plies 12, 60, the turnup portion 18 of the primary carcass reinforcement ply 12 is wrapped about the rubber wedge 22, and then the bead core 20 is applied to lock in the end of the turnup portion 18. In this manner, the ends of the short carcass reinforcement ply 60 and the radially inner end of the axially outer elongated insert 58 are secured between the main portion 16 and the turnup portion 18 of the primary carcass reinforcement ply 12.
Thus the bead area 14 of the exemplary tire 10 is a fairly complicated construction of bead area components including an inextensible bead core 20, a hard rubber wedge 22, and at least one ply 12 with a turnup portion 18 that follows a serpentine path among the other bead area components in the bead area 14. To fill in the gaps, and to provide a pillar-like sidewall profile that is desired for this particular EMT embodiment of tire 10, a roughly triangular apex 50 is applied in the bead area. Once it is cured, the apex 50 will have certain stiffness requirements that allow it to cooperate with the first elongated insert 56 and the second elongated insert 58 in making the tire “self-supporting”. As will be seen in the following detailed disclosure of the inventive tire building process, application of a relatively stiff, pre-formed apex is likely to cause tire uniformity problems by potentially shifting the relative positions of the various bead area components 12, 18, 20, 22 as the apex 50 is positioned, stitched, and then deformed as the tire carcass is expanded into a toroidal shape.
Although the present invention has broad applicability to a variety of automated or manual first stage tire building systems wherein a green tire carcass is “built” by applying tire components on a tire building drum, the invention will be described in the context of a particular embodiment of tire building system that is automated.
As illustrated for a preferred embodiment of a first stage tire building system 100, a plurality of self-powered automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102e (collectively called “102”) move corresponding tire building drums 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d, 120e (collectively called “120”) through a plurality of work stations 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively called “110”), in the direction shown by arrows 105. The AGVs 102 follow a path determined by a guide wire 104 embedded in the plant floor, shown in
An exemplary sequence of operations for the first stage tire building FMS 100 can be as follows, wherein a green tire carcass is built for the exemplary run-flat tire 10 described above with reference to
It is important to note the use of supply reels 113, wherein the tire component that is coiled on a supply reel 113 is generally a long length of the component that has been manufactured and coiled on the supply reel 113 at another location, potentially even in a different building. Thus the conventional method of applying an apex 50 generally involves extruding a long length of thus pre-formed rubber apex stock which is coiled on a supply reel 113 in a first location. A quantity of supply reels 113 with long lengths of preformed apex stock are then transported to a second location where the first stage tire building system 100 is located, the reels 113 possibly being delayed in a storage area somewhere in between. Then, as needed, the supply reels 113 are positioned for use by the first stage tire building system 100 wherein the preformed apex stock is un-reeled from the supply reel 113 and cut off at a length that is suitable for the tire 10 that is being built. In other known first stage tire building operations, both automated and manual, the apex 50 is supplied as long stock or as precut lengths to the application drum 112 and/or the tire building drum 120 via reels or conveyors or pallets, etc., but a common characteristic of prior art methods is that the apex 50 is pre-formed at a different location than the tire building drum 120 (and the application drum 112, if used). Thus the prior art methods deliver the apex 50 to the tire building drum 120 in a cold somewhat hardened condition that is suitable for transporting on a conveyor, a pallet, etc. and/or coiling on a supply reel 113 or other supply means.
The tire building drum 120 is rotated in synchrony with the extrusion rate such that the hot apex 50′ is uniformly deposited around the circumference of the tire building drum 120. An ultrasonic guillotine knife 72 can be used to cut off the extruding hot apex material 52 at the desired length of the hot apex 50′.
In high speed automated production systems such as the first stage tire building system 100 described hereinabove, it is desirable to apply the apex 50 quickly, i.e., potentially faster than can be achieved with the injector-extruder 70. Therefore, an alternative embodiment of the invention comprises use of the injector-extruder 70 to extrude the hot apex 50′ onto the application drum 112, immediately before the application process from the application drum 112 to the tire building drum 120 (e.g., as shown in
Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character—it being understood that only preferred embodiments have been shown and described, and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected. Undoubtedly, many other “variations” on the “themes” set forth hereinabove will occur to one having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention most nearly pertains, and such variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention, as disclosed herein.