Patent Grant
9611518
The present invention relates to a hot-press formed product used for structural members of automobile components and capable of adjusting the strength and ductility according to different regions within the formed product and a method for manufacturing the same, and relates more specifically to a hot-press formed product being subjected to a heat treatment simultaneously with impartation of the shape in forming a pre-heated steel sheet (blank) into a predetermined shape and capable of obtaining the strength and ductility according to different regions and a useful method for manufacturing such hot-press formed product.
As one of the fuel economy improvement measures of an automobile triggered by global environment problems, weight reduction of the vehicle body is advancing, and it is necessary to high-strengthen a steel sheet used for an automobile as much as possible. However, when a steel sheet is high-strengthened for weight reduction of an automobile, elongation EL and r value (Lankford value) drop, and press formability and shape freezing property come to deteriorate.
In order to solve such problems, a hot-press forming method has been employed for manufacturing components in which a steel sheet is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, a temperature at which a state of an austenitic phase is achieved), the strength is lowered (that is, forming is facilitated), the steel sheet is thereafter formed using a tool of a temperature (room temperature for example) that is lower compared with the case of a thin steel sheet, thereby impartation of a shape and a rapid heat treatment (quenching) utilizing the temperature difference of the both are executed simultaneously, and the strength after forming is secured.
According to such hot-press forming method, because forming is executed in a low strength state, spring back is also reduced (shape freezing property is excellent), a material added with alloy elements such as Mn, B and the like and having excellent quenchability is used, and thereby the strength of 1,500 MPa class in terms of the tensile strength is obtained by rapid cooling. Also, such hot-press forming method is referred to by various names such as a hot forming method, hot stamping method, hot stamp method, die quench method, and the like in addition to the hot-press method.
In hot stamping (hot deep drawing for example) using such tool, forming is started in a state the steel sheet (blank) 4 is heated to a single-phase zone temperature of Ac3 transformation point or above and is softened. That is, in a state the steel sheet 4 in a high temperature state is sandwiched between the die 2 and the blank holder 3, the steel sheet 4 is pressed in to the inside of a hole of the die 2 (between 2, 2 of
As a steel sheet for hot stamping widely used at present, one using 22Mn-B5 steel as a raw material is known. The steel sheet has the tensile strength of approximately 1,500 MPa and the elongation of approximately 6-8%, and is applied to a shock resistant member (a member not causing deformation as much as possible and not causing breakage in collision). Further, development of further high-strengthening (1,500 MPa or more, 1,800 MPa class) is also advancing by increasing the C content on the base of 22Mn-B5 steel.
However, the present situation is that a steel king other than 22Mn-B5 steel is scarcely applied, and a steel kind and a manufacturing method for controlling the strength and elongation of the component (for example, lowering the strength: 980 MPa class, elongation increasing: 20%, and the like) and widening the application range to other than shock resistant members are scarcely studied.
In a passenger car of the middle class or more, there is a case that both functions of a shock resistant portion and an energy absorption portion are secured within a component such as a B-pillar, rear side member, front side member and the like considering the compatibility in a side collision and a rear collision (a function for protecting the counterpart side also when a small-sized car collides with). In manufacturing the members described above, a method of laser-welding a high strength super high-ten of 980 MPa class and a ductile high-ten of 440 MPa class (tailored weld blank: TWB) for example and press-forming in a cold state has been a mainstream. However, recently, development of a technology for separately achieving the strength within a component by hot stamping is advancing.
For example, in non-patent literature 1, a method for hot stamping is proposed in which 22Mn-B5 steel for hot stamping and a material not achieving high strength even by quenching using a tool are laser-welded (tailored weld blank: TWB), and the tensile strength: 1,500 MPa (elongation: 6-8%) on the high strength side (shock resistant portion side) and the tensile strength: 440 MPa (elongation: 12%) on the low strength side (energy absorption portion side) are separately achieved. From a similar viewpoint, such technology as non-patent literature 2 has been proposed.
According to the technology of the non-patent literatures 1, 2, although the tensile strength is 600 MPa or less and the elongation is approximately 12-18% on the energy absorption portion side, laser-welding (tailored weld blank: TWB) is required beforehand, the number of the manufacturing steps increase, and the cost rises. Further, the energy absorption portion for which quenching is not required essentially comes to be heated which is not preferable from the viewpoint of calorie consumption also.
Furthermore, as a technology for separately achieving the strength within a component, such technologies as non-patent literatures 3, 4 for example have also been proposed. Out of them, according to the technology of the non-patent literature 3, the strength is separately achieved by making a blank a temperature difference (distribution) in a blank within a heating furnace, although 22Mn-B5 steel is a base, due to the effect of adding boron, the robust characteristic of the strength after quenching is inferior with respect to heating to a two-phase zone temperature, strength control on the energy absorption portion side is hard, and the elongation is only approximately 15%.
On the other hand, according to the technology of the non-patent literature 4, although the strength is separately achieved by changing the cooling rate within a tool (by heating a part of the tool by a heater, or by using materials with different thermal conductivity), 22Mn-B5 steel is a base, which is not rational in that the 22Mn-B5 steel which essentially has excellent quenchability is controlled so as not to be quenched (tool cooling control).
The present invention has been developed in view of such circumstances as described above, and its object is to provide a hot-press formed product having regions equivalent to a shock resistant portion and an energy absorption portion within a single formed product and capable of achieving a balance of high strength and elongation with a high level according to each region without applying a welding method, and a useful method for manufacturing such the hot-press formed product.
The hot-press formed product of the present invention that could achieve the object described above is a hot-press formed product obtained by forming a thin steel sheet by a hot-press forming method including a first region having a metal structure containing martensite: 80-97 area % and retained austenite: 3-20 area % respectively, the remaining structure being 5 area % or less, and a second region having a metal structure containing ferrite: 30-80 area %, bainitic ferrite: less than 30 area % (exclusive of 0 area %), martensite: 30 area % or less (exclusive of 0 area %), and retained austenite: 3-20 area %.
In the hot-press formed product of the present invention, although the chemical component composition thereof is not limited, as a representative one, that containing C: 0.1-0.3% (means mass %, hereinafter the same with respect to the chemical component composition), Si: 0.5-3%, Mn: 0.5-2%, P: 0.05% or less (exclusive of 0%), S: 0.05% or less (exclusive of 0%), Al: 0.01-0.1%, and N: 0.001-0.01% respectively, with the remainder consisting of iron and inevitable impurities, can be cited.
In the hot-press formed product of the present invention, according to the necessity, it is useful also to further contain, as other elements, (a) B: 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) and Ti: 0.1% or less (exclusive of 0%), (b) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo: 1% or less (exclusive of 0%) in total, and (c) V and/or Nb: 0.1% or less (exclusive of 0%) in total, and the like, and the property of the hot-press formed product is further improved according to the kind of the contained elements.
The method of the present invention is a method for manufacturing the hot-press formed product as described above by forming a thin steel sheet separatedly to a plurality of regions including at least first and second regions, including the steps of using a hot rolled steel sheet having a metal structure with 50 area % or more of ferrite or a cold rolled steel sheet having been subjected to cold rolling with 30% or more of cold rolling rate as the thin steel sheet, heating the thin steel sheet by a heating step that simultaneously executes a plurality of heating treatments including a first heating treatment for heating the first forming region to a temperature of Ac3 transformation point or above and 1,000° C. or below and a second heating treatment for heating the second forming region to Ac1 transformation point or above and a temperature equivalent to (Ac1 transformation point×0.3+Ac3 transformation point×0.7) or below, thereafter starting cooling with an average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more and forming by pressing jointly using a tool at least for the first forming region and the second forming region, and finishing forming at a temperature or below with respect to the first forming region and the second forming region, the temperature being lower than a martensitic transformation starting point by 50° C.
Also, another method of the present invention is a method for manufacturing the hot-press formed product as described above by forming a thin steel sheet separatedly to a plurality of regions including at least first and second regions, including the steps of heating at least the first forming region and the second forming region to a temperature of Ac3 transformation point or above and 1,000° C. or below, maintaining the first forming region at the heating temperature and cooling the second forming region to a temperature of 700° C. or below and 500° C. or above with an average cooling rate of 10° C./s or less thereafter and before starting forming, thereafter starting cooling with an average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more and forming by pressing jointly using a tool at least for the first forming region and the second forming region, and finishing forming at a temperature or below with respect to the first forming region and the second forming region, the temperature being lower than a martensitic transformation starting point by 50° C.
According to the present invention, in the hot-press forming method, by properly controlling the conditions thereof according to each region of the formed product, the metal structure of each region can be adjusted while making retained austenite of a proper amount exist, the hot-press formed product whose ductility inherent in the formed product (residual ductility) is increased more than the case conventional 22Mn-5B steel is used can be achieved, and the strength and elongation can be properly controlled according to each region by combination of the heat treatment condition and the structure of the steel sheet before forming (initial structure).
The present inventors carried out studies from various aspects in order to achieve such a hot-press formed product that showed excellent ductility (elongation) while securing the strength matching the required properties of respective different regions after forming in heating a thin steel sheet to a predetermined temperature and thereafter manufacturing the formed product by hot-press forming.
As a result of the studies, it was found out that, in manufacturing a hot-press formed product by press-forming a thin steel sheet using a press forming tool, when the heating temperature and the conditions of respective regions in forming were properly controlled and the structure of the each region was adjusted so as to contain retained austenite by 3-20 area %, a hot-press formed product exerting strength-ductility balance according to each region could be achieved, and the present invention was completed.
The reasons for setting the range of each structure (basic structure) in each region of the hot-press formed product of the present invention are as follows.
(1) Structure of First Region
By making the main structure of the first region martensite of high strength, high strength of a specific region in the hot-press formed product can be secured. From such viewpoint, it is necessary to make the area fraction of martensite 80 area % or more. However, when this fraction exceeds 97 area %, the fraction of the retained austenite becomes insufficient, and ductility (residual ductility) drops. Preferable lower limit of the martensite fraction is 83 area % or more (more preferably 85 area % or more), and preferable upper limit is 95 area % or less (more preferably 93 area % or less).
Retained austenite has effects of increasing the work hardening rate (transformation induced plasticity) by being transformed into martensite during plastic deformation and improving the ductility of the formed product. In order to exert such effects, it is necessary to make the fraction of the retained austenite 3 area % or more. Although ductility becomes more excellent as the fraction of the retained austenite is more, in the composition used for steel sheets for automobile, securable retained austenite is limited, and approximately 20 area % is the upper limit. Preferable lower limit of the retained austenite is 5 area % or more (more preferably 7 area % or more).
With respect to the structure other than the above, although ferrite, pearlite, bainite and the like can be contained as the remaining structure, these structures are structures softer than martensite, contribution to the strength is less compared to other structures, and it is preferable to be as little as possible. However, up to 5 area % is allowable. The remaining structure is more preferably 3 area % or less, and is even more preferably 0 area %.
By preparing the structure of the first region as described above, a portion with 1,470 MPa or more of the strength (tensile strength TS) and 10% or more of the elongation (total elongation EL) (for example a shock resistant portion of an automobile component) can be formed.
(2) Structure of Second Region
By making the main structure of the second region fine and highly ductile ferrite, high ductility of a specific region in the hot-press formed product can be achieved. From such viewpoint, it is necessary to make the area fraction of ferrite 30 area % or more. However, when this area fraction exceeds 80 area %, predetermined strength cannot be secured. Preferable lower limit of the ferrite fraction is 40 area % or more (more preferably 45 area % or more), and preferable upper limit is 70 area % or less (more preferably 65 area % or less).
Although bainitic ferrite is effective in improving the strength, the ductility slightly drops, and therefore it is necessary to make the upper limit of the fraction thereof less than 30 area %. Preferable lower limit of the bainitic ferrite fraction is 5 area % or more (more preferably 10 area % or more), and preferable upper limit is 25 area % or less (more preferably 20 area % or less).
Although martensite is effective in improving the strength, the ductility largely drops, and therefore it is necessary to make the upper limit of the fraction thereof 30 area % or less. Preferable lower limit of the martensite fraction is 5 area % or more (more preferably 10 area % or more), and preferable upper limit is 25 area % or less (more preferably 20 area % or less).
Due to the reasons similar to those for the first region, the fraction of the retained austenite is to be 3 area % or more and 20 area % or less. Preferable lower limit of the retained austenite is also similar.
By preparing the structure of the second region as described above, a portion with 800 MPa or more of the strength (tensile strength TS) and 15% or more of the elongation (total elongation EL) (for example an energy absorption portion of an automobile component) can be formed.
Although the formed product of the present invention includes at least the first forming region and the second forming region, it is not necessarily limited to two forming regions, and a third or fourth forming region may be included. In forming such forming regions, it is possible to prepare them according to a manufacturing method described below.
The hot-press formed product of the present invention can be manufactured by using a hot rolled steel sheet having a metal structure including 50 area % or more of ferrite or a cold rolled steel sheet having been subjected to cold rolling with 30% or more of cold rolling rate, heating the thin steel sheet by a heating step that simultaneously executes a plurality of heating treatments including a first heating treatment for heating the first forming region to a temperature of Ac3 transformation point or above and 1,000° C. or below and a second heating treatment for heating the second forming region to Ac1 transformation point or above and a temperature equivalent to (Ac1 transformation point×0.3+Ac3 transformation point×0.7) or below, thereafter starting cooling with an average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more and forming by joint pressing within a tool at least for the first forming region and the second forming region, and finishing forming at a temperature or below with respect to the first forming region and the second forming region, the temperature being lower than the martensitic transformation starting point (Ms point) by 50° C. (may be hereinafter represented by “Ms point-50° C.”). The reasons respective requirements in the method are stipulated are as follows. Also, “finishing forming” basically means a state of reaching the bottom dead point of forming (the temporal point the tip of the punch is positioned at the lowest part: the state shown in
According to the method, by separating the heating region of the steel sheet into at least two regions (for example, a high strength side region and a low strength side region) and controlling the manufacturing condition according to each region, such formed product that exerts the strength-ductility balance according to each region is obtained. Manufacturing conditions for forming each condition will be described. Also, in executing this manufacturing method, it is required to form regions with different heating temperatures by a single steel sheet. However, by using an existing heating furnace (for example, far infrared furnace, electric furnace+shield), controlling while making the boundary section of the temperature 50 mm or less is possible.
(To use a hot rolled steel sheet having the metal structure with 50 area % or more of ferrite or a cold rolled steel sheet subjected to cold rolling with the cold rolling rate of 30% or more)
In order to obtain the ferrite structure that largely contributes to ductility in heating to a two-phase zone temperature, it is necessary to properly select the kind of the steel sheet (steel sheet for forming). When a hot rolled steel sheet is to be used as a steel sheet for forming, it is important that the ferrite fraction is high and ferrite remains in heating to a two-phase zone temperature. From such viewpoint, it is preferable that the hot rolled steel sheet used has the metal structure with 50 area % or more of ferrite. Although preferable lower limit of the ferrite fraction is 60 area % or more (more preferably 70 area % or more), when the ferrite fraction is too high, the ferrite fraction in the formed product becomes too much, and therefore 95 area % or less is preferable. 90 area % or less is more preferable.
On the other hand, when a cold rolled steel sheet is to be used, because it is an important requirement that recrystallization occurs during heating and ferrite not including dislocation is formed, it is necessary that cold rolling of a certain amount or more is subjected to in order to cause recrystallization. Also, in the case of the cold rolled steel sheet, the structure can be of any kind. From such viewpoint, when a cold rolled steel sheet is to be used, it is preferable to use a cold steel sheet subjected to cold rolling with the cold rolling rate of 30% or more. The cold rolling rate is preferably 40% or more, and more preferably 50% or more. Also, “cold rolling rate” mentioned above is a value obtained by the expression (1) below.
Cold rolling rate (%)=[(steel sheet thickness before cold rolling−steel sheet thickness after cold rolling)/steel sheet thickness before cold rolling]×100 (1)
(Manufacturing Condition of First Forming Region (High Strength Side Region))
In order to properly adjust the structure of the hot-press formed product, it is necessary to control the heating temperature to a predetermined range. By properly controlling the heating temperature (first heating treatment), in the cooling step thereafter, the first forming region is transformed to a structure mainly of martensite while securing retained austenite of a predetermined amount, and can be formed into a desired structure in the final hot-press formed product. When the heating temperature of the thin steel sheet is below Ac3 transformation point, a sufficient amount of austenite cannot be obtained in heating, and retained austenite of a predetermined amount cannot be secured in the final structure (the structure of the formed product). Also, when the heating temperature of the thin steel sheet exceeds 1,000° C., the grain size of austenite becomes large in heating, the martensite transformation starting temperature (Ms point) and the martensite transformation finishing temperature (Mf point) rise, retained austenite cannot be secured in quenching, and excellent formability is not achieved. The heating temperature is preferably (Ac3 transformation point+50° C.) or above, and 950° C. or below.
It is necessary to properly control the cooling condition during forming and the forming finishing temperature according to each region. In the steel sheet region corresponding to the first forming region of the formed product (this region may be referred to as “the first steel sheet region”), it is necessary to finish forming at a temperature equivalent to (Ms point−50° C.) or below while securing the average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more inside the tool.
(Manufacturing Condition of Second Forming Region (High Strength Side Region))
In order to partially change the structure to austenite while allowing ferrite included in the steel sheet to remain, it is necessary to control the heating temperature to a predetermined range. By properly controlling the heating temperature, in the cooling step thereafter, the structure is transformed to retained austenite or martensite, and can be formed into a desired structure in the final hot-press formed product. When the heating temperature of the steel sheet is below Ac1 transformation point, a sufficient amount of austenite cannot be obtained in heating, and retained austenite of a predetermined amount cannot be secured in the final structure (the structure of the formed product). Also, when the heating temperature of the thin steel sheet exceeds (Ac1 transformation point×0.3+Ac3 transformation point×0.7), the transformation amount to austenite excessively increases in heating, and a predetermined amount of ferrite cannot be secured in the final structure (the structure of the formed product).
With respect to austenite formed in the heating step described above, in order to secure a predetermined amount of retained austenite while preventing formation of cementite, it is necessary to properly control the average cooling rate during forming and the forming finishing temperature. From such viewpoint, it is necessary that the average cooling rate during forming is made 20° C./s or more and the forming finishing temperature is made Ms point-50° C. or below. The average cooling rate during forming is preferably 30° C./s or more (more preferably 40° C./s or more). Also, with respect to the forming finishing temperature, although forming may be finished while cooling to the room temperature at the above-mentioned average cooling rate, it is also possible to stop cooling after cooling to Ms point-50° C. or below and to finish forming thereafter. The forming finishing temperature then will be described in detail below.
As another method for manufacturing the hot-press formed product of the present invention, it is also possible that a thin steel sheet is used (the chemical component composition is same as that of the formed product), at least the first forming region and the first forming region are heated to a temperature of Ac3 transformation point or above and 1,000° C. or below, thereafter and before starting forming, the first forming region is maintained at the heating temperature and the second forming region is cooled to a temperature of 700° C. or below and 500° C. or above with an average cooling rate of 10° C./s or less, thereafter cooling at an average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more and forming are started at least for the first forming region and the second forming region by pressing jointly using a tool, and forming is finished at (Ms point−50° C.) or below for the first and second forming regions.
In order to properly adjust the structure of the hot-press formed product, it is necessary to control the heating temperature to a predetermined range. By properly controlling the heating temperature, in the cooling step thereafter, while a predetermined amount of retained austenite is secured, the structure is transformed to a structure mainly of martensite (the first forming region) or of ferrite (the second forming region) and can be formed into a desired structure in the final hot-press formed product. When the heating temperature of the thin steel sheet is below Ac3 transformation point, a sufficient amount of austenite is not obtained in heating, and a predetermined amount of retained austenite cannot be secured in the final structure (the structure of the formed product). Also, when the heating temperature of the thin steel sheet exceeds 1,000° C., the grain size of austenite becomes large in heating, and (a) martensitic transformation starting point (Ms point) and martensitic transformation finishing point (Mf point) rise, retained austenite cannot be secured in quenching, and excellent formability is not achieved (the first forming region), or (b) ferrite cannot be formed in cooling thereafter (the second forming region).
It is necessary to properly control the cooling condition during forming and the forming finishing temperature according to each region. First, in a steel sheet region corresponding to the first region of the formed product (first steel sheet region), it is necessary to finish forming at a temperature of (Ms point-50° C.) or below while securing cooling with the average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more within the tool.
In order to make austenite formed in the heating steep described above a desired structure (the structure mainly formed of martensite) while preventing formation of the structure of ferrite, pearlite, bainite and the like, it is necessary to properly control the average cooling rate during forming and the forming finishing temperature. Form such viewpoint, the average cooling rate during forming is made 20° C./s or more and the forming finishing temperature is made (Ms point-50° C.) or below. Particularly, when a steel sheet with high Si content is made an object, by cooling under such condition, martensite can be made a mixture structure with retained austenite. The average cooling rate during forming is preferably 30° C./s or more, (more preferably 40° C./s or more).
With respect to the forming finishing temperature in the first steel sheet region, although forming may be finished while cooling to the room temperature with the average cooling rate mentioned above, it is also possible to execute cooling to (Ms point-50° C.) or below (preferably to the temperature of Ms point-50° C.), and to execute cooling thereafter to 200° C. or below at the average cooling rate of 20° C./s or less (two stage cooling). By adding such cooling step, because carbon in martensite is concentrated to untransformed austenite, the amount of retained austenite can be increased. The average cooling rate in cooling of the second stage in such two-stage cooling is preferably 10° C./s or less, (more preferably 5° C./s or less).
On the other hand, in a steel sheet region corresponding to the second region of the formed product (this region may be referred to as (the second steel sheet region”), it is preferable to execute cooling with the average cooling rate of 10° C./s or less to a temperature of 700° C. or below and 500° C. or above, and to start forming thereafter. This cooling step is an important step in forming ferrite during cooling. When the average cooling rate then becomes high exceeding 10° C./s, a predetermined amount of ferrite cannot be secured. This average cooling rate is preferably 7° C./s or less, and more preferably 5° C./s or less. It is necessary that the cooling stopping temperature in this cooling step is 700° C. or below and 500° C. or above. When this cooling stopping temperature exceeds 700° C., a sufficient ferrite amount cannot be secured, whereas when this cooling stopping temperature is below 500° C., the ferrite fraction becomes too high, and predetermined strength cannot be secured. Preferable upper limit of the cooling stopping temperature is 680° C. or below (more preferably 660° C. or below), and preferable lower limit is 520° C. or above (more preferably 550° C. or above). Also, in this cooling step, the first steel sheet region is not cooled, and the heated state is maintained.
In the second steel sheet region, cooling with the average cooling rate of 20° C./s or more and forming are started by pressing within the tool, and, although forming may be finished at a temperature of Ms point-50° C. or below, forming may be finished also at a temperature of bainitic transformation starting temperature Bs point-100° C. or below. With respect to austenite formed in the heating step described above, in order to secure a predetermined amount of retained austenite while preventing formation of cementite, it is necessary to properly control the average cooling rate during forming and the forming finishing temperature. From such viewpoint, it is preferable that the average cooling rate during forming in the second steel sheet region is made 20° C./s or more and the forming finishing temperature is made (bainitic transformation starting temperature Bs point-100° C.: may be hereinafter abbreviated as “Bs-100° C.”) or below (the same also in the manufacturing method described above). The average cooling rate then is preferably 30° C./s or more (more preferably 40° C./s or more). Also, with respect to cooling finishing temperature, although forming may be finished while executing cooling at the average cooling rate described above to the room temperature, it is also possible to stop cooling after executing cooling to Bs-100° C. or below, and to finish forming thereafter.
The forming finishing temperature of the second steel sheet region is made a temperature range of martensitic transformation starting temperature Ms point or above, and the temperature range is maintained for 10 s or more. By maintaining the temperature within the temperature range for 10 s or more, bainitic transformation proceeds from super-cooled austenite, and a structure mainly of ferrite is achieved. Although the retention time then is preferably 50 s or more (more preferably 100 s or more), when the retention time is too long, austenite starts to be disintegrated, the retained austenite fraction cannot be secured, and therefore 1,000 s or less is preferable (more preferably 800 s or less).
Retention as described above may be any of retention at a constant temperature, monotonous cooling, or reheating step as far as it is within the temperature range described above. Also, with respect to the relation of such retention and forming, although retention as described above may be applied at a stage forming has been finished, the retention step may also be applied within the temperature range described above in the middle of finishing forming. After forming has been finished like this, cooling can be executed to the room temperature (25° C.) by natural cooling or with a proper cooling rate.
The average cooling rate during forming can be controlled by means of (a) controlling the temperature of the forming tool (the cooling medium shown in
Even when any of the methods described above may be employed, the method for manufacturing the hot-press formed product of the present invention can be applied not only to a case of manufacturing a hot-press formed product with such simple shape as shown in
The present invention was developed with the hot-press formed product formed of a high-strength steel sheet in mind, and the steel kind thereof may be of an ordinary chemical component composition as a high-strength steel sheet. However, with respect to C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al and Ni, it is advisable to be adjusted to a proper range. From such viewpoint, a preferable range of these chemical compositions and reasons for limiting the range are as follows.
(C: 0.1-0.3%)
C is an important element in securing retained austenite. By being concentrated to austenite in heating to a single phase zone temperature of Ac3 transformation point or above, retained austenite is formed after quenching. Further, C is an important element also in increasing the martensite amount or in controlling the strength of martensite (the first region). When C content is less than 0.1%, a predetermined retained austenite amount cannot be secured, and excellent ductility cannot be obtained. Also, the strength of martensite becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when C content becomes excessive and exceeds 0.3%, the strength becomes too high. Preferable lower limit of C content is 0.15% or more (more preferably 0.20% or more), and preferable upper limit is 0.27% or less (more preferably 0.25% or less).
(Si: 0.5-3%)
Si exerts actions of suppressing austenite after heating to a single phase zone temperature of Ac3 transformation point or above from being formed into cementite, and increasing/forming retained austenite in quenching. Further, Si also exerts an action of increasing strength without deteriorating ductility much by solid solution strengthening. When Si content is less than 0.5%, a predetermined retained austenite amount cannot be secured, and excellent ductility is not obtained. Also, when Si content becomes excessive and exceeds 3%, the solid solution strengthening amount grows too large, and ductility comes to largely deteriorate. Preferable lower limit of Si content is 1.15% or more (more preferably 1.20% or more), and preferable upper limit is 2.7% or less (more preferably 2.5% or less).
(Mn: 0.5-2%)
Mn is an element stabilizing austenite, and contributes to increase of retained austenite. Further, Mn is also an effective element in enhancing quenchability, in suppressing formation of ferrite, pearlite and bainite in cooling after heating, and securing retained austenite (the first region). In order to exert such effects, it is preferable to contain Mn by 0.5% or more. However, when Mn content becomes excessive, because formation of ferrite is impeded, a predetermined amount of ferrite cannot be secured (the second region), and therefore 2% or less is preferable. Also, because the strength of austenite is largely improved, the load of hot rolling increases, manufacturing of the steel sheet becomes difficult, and therefore it is not preferable to contain Mn exceeding 2% from the point of productivity also. More preferable lower limit of Mn content is 0.7% or more (more preferably 0.9% or more), and more preferable upper limit is 1.8% or less (more preferably 1.6% or less).
(P: 0.05% or Less (Exclusive of 0%))
Although P is an element inevitably included in steel, because P deteriorates ductility, P is preferable to be reduced as much as possible. However, because extreme reduction causes an increase of the steel manufacturing cost and to make it 0% is difficult in manufacturing, 0.05% or less (exclusive of 0%) is preferable. More preferable upper limit of P content is 0.045% or less (more preferably 0.040% or less).
(S: 0.05% or Less (Exclusive of 0%))
Similar to P, S is also an element inevitably included in steel, because S deteriorates ductility, S is preferable to be reduced as much as possible. However, because extreme reduction causes an increase of the steel manufacturing cost and to make it 0% is difficult in manufacturing, 0.05% or less (exclusive of 0%) is preferable. More preferable upper limit of S content is 0.045% or less (more preferably 0.040% or less).
(Al: 0.01-0.1%)
Al is useful as a deoxidizing element, fixes solid-solution N present in steel as AlN, and is useful in improving ductility. In order to effectively exert such effect, Al content is preferably 0.01% or more. However, when Al content becomes excessive and exceeds 0.1%, Al2O3 is formed excessively, and ductility is deteriorated. Also, more preferable lower limit of Al content is 0.013% or more (more preferably 0.015% or more), and more preferable upper limit is 0.08% or less (more preferably 0.06% or less).
(N: 0.001-0.01%)
N is an element inevitably mixed in and is preferable to be reduced. However, because there is a limit in reducing N in an actual process, 0.001% was made the lower limit. Also, when N content becomes excessive, ductility deteriorates due to strain aging, N precipitates as BN when B is added, quenchability improvement effect by solid-solution B is deteriorated, and therefore the upper limit was made 0.01%. Preferable upper limit of N content is 0.008% or less (more preferably 0.006% or less).
The basic chemical composition in the press formed product of the present invention is as described above, and the remainder is substantially iron. Also, “substantially iron” means that the trace composition (for example, in addition to Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, REM such as La, carbide forming elements such as Zr, Hf, Ta, W and Mo, and the like of the degree not impeding the properties of the steel sheet of the present invention are also allowable, and inevitable impurities other than P, S, N (for example O, H, and the like) can also be contained in addition to iron.
In the press formed product of the present invention, according to the necessity, it is also useful to further contain (a) B: 0.01% or less (exclusive of 0%) and Ti: 0.1% or less (exclusive of 0%), (b) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo: 1% or less (exclusive of 0%) in total, (c) V and/or Nb: 0.1% or less (exclusive of 0%) in total, and the like, and the properties of the hot-press formed product are further improved according to the kind of the elements contained. A preferable range when these elements are contained and reasons for limiting the range are as follows.
(B: 0.01% or Less (Exclusive of 0%) and Ti: 0.1% or Less (Exclusive of 0%))
B is an element preventing formation of cementite during cooling after heating and contributing to securing of retained austenite. In order to exert such effects, it is preferable to contain B by 0.0001% or more. However, even when B is contained excessively exceeding 0.01%, the effect saturates. More preferable lower limit of B content is 0.0002% or more (more preferably 0.0005% or more), and more preferable upper limit is 0.008% or less (more preferably 0.005% or less).
On the other hand, Ti produces the improving effect of quenchability by fixing N and maintaining B in a solid solution state. In order to exert such effects, it is preferable to contain Ti by at least four times of N content. However, when Ti content becomes excessive and exceeds 0.1%, TiC is formed in a large amount, and the strength is increased due to precipitation strengthening, although ductility deteriorates. More preferable lower limit of Ti content is 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.06% or more), and more preferable upper limit is 0.09% or less (more preferably 0.08% or less).
(At Least One Element Selected from the Group Consisting of Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo: 1% or Less (Exclusive of 0%) in Total)
Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo effectively act in preventing formation of cementite in cooling after heating, and in securing retained austenite. In order to exert such effects, it is preferable to contain them by 0.01% or more in total. Although the content is preferable to be as much as possible when only the properties are considered, because the cost for adding alloys increases, 1% or less in total is preferable. Also, because there is an action of largely increasing the strength of austenite, the load of hot rolling increases, manufacturing of the steel sheet becomes difficult, and therefore 1% or less is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturability also. More preferable lower limit of these elements in total is 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.06% or more), and more preferable upper limit in total is 0.9% or less (more preferably 0.8% or less).
(V and/or Nb: 0.1% or Less (Exclusive of 0%) in Total)
V and Nb have effects of forming fine carbide and miniaturizing the structure by a pinning effect. In order to exert such effects, it is preferable to contain them by 0.001% or more in total. However, when the content of these elements becomes excessive, coarse carbide is formed and becomes a start point of breakage, ductility is deteriorated adversely, and therefore 0.1% or less in total is preferable. More preferable lower limit of the content of these elements in total is 0.005% or more (more preferably 0.008% or more), and more preferable upper limit in total is 0.08% or less (more preferably 0.06% or less).
According to the present invention, by properly adjusting the press forming condition (the heating temperature and the cooling rate according to each region), the properties of the strength, elongation and the like of each region in the formed product can be controlled, the hot-press formed product with high ductility (residual ductility) is obtained, and therefore application also to portions to which the conventional hot-press formed products have been hard to apply (for example, a member where both of the shock resistant properties and the energy absorption suppression are required) becomes possible, which is very useful in expanding the application range of the hot-press formed product. Also, with respect to the formed product obtained by the present invention, the residual ductility further increases compared to the formed product in which ordinary annealing is subjected to after cold-press forming and the structure is adjusted.
Although the effect of the present invention will be shown below more specifically by examples, the examples described below do not limit the present invention, and any of the design alterations judging from the purposes described above and below is to be included in the technical range of the present invention.
The present application is to claim the benefit of the claims based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-59447 applied on Mar. 15, 2012. All contents of the description of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-59447 applied on Mar. 15, 2012 are to be cited in the present application for reference.
Steel having the chemical component composition shown in Table 1 below was molten in vacuum, was made a slab for experiment, was thereafter hot-rolled, and thereafter cooled and wound. Further, the steel was subjected to cold-rolling and a thin steel sheet was obtained. Also, Ac1 transformation point, Ac3 transformation point, Ms point, and (Bs-100° C.) in Table 1 were obtained using expressions (2)-(5) below (refer to “The Physical Metallurgy of Steels”, Leslie, Maruzen Company, Limited (1985) for example). Furthermore, in Table 1, the calculated value of (Ac1 transformation point×0.3+Ac3 transformation point×0.7) (hereinafter referred to as “A value” was also shown.
wherein [C], [Si], [Mn], [P], [Al], [Ti], [V], [Cr], [Mo], [Cu] and [Ni] represent the content (mass %) of C, Si, Mn, P, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Cu and Ni respectively. Also, when the element shown in each term of the expressions (2)-(5) above is not contained, calculation is done assuming that the term is null.
The steel sheet obtained was subjected to a forming/cooling treatment changing the heating temperature in each steel sheet region. More specifically, press forming was executed using a bending forming tool of a hat (hat channel) shape shown in
With respect to each steel sheet having been subjected to treatments described above (heating, forming, cooling), measurement of the tensile strength (TS) and the elongation (total elongation EL) and observation of the metal structure (the fraction of each structure) were executed by the following procedure.
(Tensile Strength (TS) and Elongation (Total Elongation (EL))
The tensile test was executed using a JIS No. 5 specimen, and the tensile strength (TS) and the elongation (EL) were measured. At this time, the strain rate of the tensile test was made 10 mm/s. In the present invention, the case (a) 1,470 MPa or more of the tensile strength (TS) and 10% or more of the elongation (EL) were satisfied in the first region and (b) 800 MPa or more of the tensile strength (TS) and 15% or more of the elongation (EL) were satisfied in the second region at the same time was evaluated to have passed.
(Observation of Metal Structure (Fraction of Each Structure))
(1) With respect to the structure of ferrite and bainitic ferrite in the steel sheet, the steel was corroded by nital, ferrite and bainitic ferrite were distinguished from each other by SEM observation (magnifications: 1,000 times or 2,000 times), and each fraction (area ratio) was obtained.
(2) The retained austenite fraction (area ratio) in the steel sheet was measured by X-ray diffraction method after the steel sheet was ground up to ¼ thickness of the steel sheet and was thereafter subjected to chemical polishing (for example, ISJJ Int. Vol. 33. (1933), No. 7, P. 776).
(3) With respect to the area ratio of martensite (martensite as quenched), the steel sheet was LePera-corroded, the area ratio of the white contrast was measured by SEM observation as the mixture structure of martensite (martensite as quenched) and retained austenite, the retained austenite fraction obtained by X-ray diffraction was deducted therefrom, and the fraction of martensite as quenched was calculated.
The measured result of the metal structure in each region of the formed product is shown in Table 3 below, and the mechanical properties in each region of the formed product are shown in Table 4 below.
From these results, the following consideration can be made. Those of the test Nos. 1, 3, 4 are examples satisfying the requirements stipulated in the present invention, and it is known that the formed products in which strength-ductile balance in each region is achieved with high performance have been obtained.
On the other hand, those of the test Nos. 2, 5 are the references not satisfying any of the requirements stipulated in the present invention, and any of the properties is deteriorated. In other words, that of the test No. 2 has the structure mainly of ferrite because of heating to below Ac1 transformation point in the second region, martensite is not formed, and the strength is not secured. That of the test No. 5 is objected to the conventional 22Mn-B5-equivalent steel (steel kind B in Table 1), although the strength is obtained, retained austenite is not secured, and only low elongation (EL) is obtained in all regions.
The hot-press formed product of the present invention has regions equivalent to a shock resistant portion and an energy absorption portion within a single formed product by including a first region having a metal structure containing martensite: 80-97 area % and retained austenite: 3-20 area % respectively, the remaining structure being 5 area % or less, and a second region having a metal structure containing ferrite: 30-80 area %, bainitic ferrite: less than 30 area % (exclusive of 0 area %), martensite: 30 area % or less (exclusive of 0 area %), and retained austenite: 3-20 area %, and can achieve a balance of high strength and elongation with a high level according to each region.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-059447 | Mar 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/057468 | 3/15/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013/137453 | 9/19/2013 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150000802 A1 | Jan 2015 | US |
