This invention relates to an injection molding apparatus and, more specifically, to a multi-cavity injection molding apparatus that includes a balanced hot runner layout in a stack mold or manifold.
The use of stack molds and manifolds in a hot runner injection molding apparatus is well known. Furthermore, it is well known that in many applications it is important that a runner layout be provided such that each cavity receives the same flow of melt having the same temperature and the same composition. Balancing of the runner system results in overall higher quality molded parts because consistency is achieved from mold cavity to mold cavity in a multi-cavity application. Even in multi-runner, single cavity applications, the benefits of balancing are well known and important.
A well-known technique for balancing a manifold or stack mold is to match runner diameters and lengths and to match the number of turns in the runners, so that the pressure drop through the manifold or stack mold to each cavity is the same. Occasionally, however, different flows are provided to different cavities, in spite of the runner layout having matched runner lengths and turns. This is at least partly due to a combination of shear heating of the melt flow combined with the layout of the runner system.
When melt is forced under pressure through a bore, as is done in a hot runner system whether in a manifold or a stack mold, the melt experiences friction or shear in the area adjacent to the channel wall. This results in a localized elevation of the temperature of the melt. The result is a differential in temperature across the bore, with the center of the channel being cooler than the material closer to the bore. Many hot runner systems split the melt flow from a primary runner through two or more secondary runners. When this occurs, the heat distribution profile in the melt is divided as well. This occurs because the flow through the runners is laminar, and therefore the shear-heated material remains adjacent to the wall as the corner is turned. After the corner, the heated peripheral portion is no longer annular, but is instead generally crescent-shaped and remains on one side of the melt flow. The mass flow through each of the secondary runners is substantially equal; however, the heated peripheral portion in each secondary runner is asymmetrically distributed about the periphery. If, as is usually the case, each secondary runner is divided into a plurality of tertiary runners, the asymmetric heated peripheral portion may be unequally divided between these plurality of tertiary runners. As a result, the material flowing into one of the tertiary runners from a secondary runner may include a higher proportion of shear-heated material compared to the melt flowing into the other of the tertiary runners downstream from that secondary runner. This phenomenon can, in some applications, cause preferential flow to some drop locations, and can cause out-of-spec product from portions of a molding machine. Specifically, there will typically be preferential flow to the tertiary runner receiving a higher proportion of shear-heated material from its upstream secondary runner compared to the other of the tertiary runners fed by that secondary runner.
This problem of asymmetric division of shear-heated material has been recognized in a cold runner context; however, it has not been as clearly recognized in a hot runner context. That is, melt in a hot runner is typically less viscous than in a cold runner. As a result, shear-induced heating has been thought of as less of a problem, as there is less resistance to shear. Instead, imbalance of flow in hot runner context has been attributed to other factors.
Different devices have been developed to address the problem for both cold runner and hot runner applications. In cold runner injection, the mold component includes the runners as well as the mold cavities. The mold component is made up of two halves that mate together. All the runners and the mold cavities lie in the plane of the mating faces of the two halves. At the end of an injection cycle the mold component is parted and the molded parts and the solidified melt in the runners are ejected. Cold runner layouts are typically simple in nature since all the runners lie on a common plane.
For cold runner applications, U.S. Pat. No. 4,123,496 to Gallizia et al. discloses an equalization device in a conduit carrying a melt flow, wherein different portions of the melt flow are reoriented to achieve a relatively uniform heat distribution in the melt flow.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,077,470 to Beaumont discloses a similar device for achieving similar balancing results in cold runner applications. Beaumont discloses a device for achieving balanced melt flow in cold runner applications. The device is positioned upstream of the split that first produces an asymmetric flow. Beaumont's device applies to cold runners particularly because the device is dependent on the simple, planar nature of the cold runner mold. Beaumont's device, for example, would not be applicable in a situation in which one of the runners from a downstream split extended out of the plane of the parting line of the mold component.
Hot runner stack mold systems typically include a plurality of mold components, which taken together, define a hot runner system and a plurality of mold cavities. Similarly, hot runner manifolds provide a hot runner system for providing melt to a plurality of mold cavities. In a stack mold, the primary runner or upstream runner of the runner system is typically provided by passages in a first, second and third mold component. In such stack molds, the second mold component is between and adjoins the first mold component and the third component. In the third mold component, the primary runner divides into two secondary runners. One of these secondary runners proceeds back into the second mold component where it divides into a pair of tertiary runners. The other of the secondary runners projects into the fourth mold component where it divides into two tertiary runners. The tertiary runners in the second and fourth mold components then provide melt to cavities in the third mold component. In operation, the second, third and fourth mold components are separable to eject the formed product from the mold cavities. Because of the differences in hot runner and cold runner systems, cold runner technologies are not typically applied to hot runner molding machines. For hot runner systems, other devices have been developed.
European Patent Application No. 963,829 to Goldwin et al. discloses the use of cylindrical heaters positioned at different points in a hot runner manifold. The heaters are positioned around the runners themselves and heat the melt passing through the runners so that cooler portions of the melt flow are heated to a temperature similar to the shear-heated portions of the melt flow.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,731 to Deardurff et al. discloses a device for use in hot runner manifolds having a double X layout. The device separates the hotter portion of an asymmetric shear-heated melt flow and redistributes it into each runner of the X, so that the runners receive melt having roughly equal temperatures.
Also for hot runner systems, it is known to pass a melt flow through one or more static mixers positioned in the runners. This creates a relatively uniform heat distribution so that any downstream split in a runner system divides the heat content in the melt flow generally equally in the runners after the split. Many injection molders, however, perform color changes during production runs and cannot tolerate cross-contamination between successive colors. Static mixers have complex internal structures, and are therefore difficult and time consuming to clean, making them poorly suited to many injection molding applications, such as those where color changes are common and cross-contamination is not tolerated.
Accordingly, there is a need for a hot runner system that offers improved balancing of the resin melt flows while facilitating efficient resin color changes between molding operations.
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved injection molding method.
In accordance with this first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling a cross-sectional asymmetric condition of a laminar flowing material. The method comprises (a) providing a hot runner system, the hot runner system having an upstream melt passage, a plurality of intermediary melt passages downstream from the upstream melt passage, and for at least one of the intermediary melt passage, an associated pair of downstream melt passages downstream from the intermediary melt passage; (b) providing the laminar flowing material to the hot runner system; (c) heating the laminar flowing material within the hot runner system; and, (d) for the at least one intermediary melt passage, orienting one of (i) the cross-sectional asymmetric condition of the laminar flowing material in the intermediary melt passage, and (ii) the associated plurality of downstream melt passages, such that the cross-sectional asymmetric condition is substantially equally divided between the associated two downstream melt passages.
An object of a second aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved injection molding apparatus.
In accordance with this second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an injection molding apparatus comprising: (a) a hot runner system for supplying a laminar flowing material, the hot runner system having (i) an upstream melt passage, (ii) a plurality of intermediary melt passages downstream from the upstream melt passage, and (iii) for at least one intermediary melt passage, an associated pair of downstream melt passages downstream from the intermediary melt passage; (b) for the upstream melt passage and the at least one intermediary melt passage, a flow path for orienting the cross-sectional asymmetric condition of the laminar flowing material in the at least one intermediary melt passage such that the cross-sectional asymmetric condition is substantially equally divided between the associated pair of downstream melt passages; and, (c) a plurality of hot runner nozzles in communication with and downstream from the downstream melt passages.
An object of a third aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved injection molding apparatus.
In accordance with this third aspect of the present invention, a flow rotator for rotating a cross-sectional asymmetrical condition of a laminar flowing material is provided in a hot runner system for supplying a laminar flowing material. The hot runner system has (i) an upstream melt passage, (ii) a pair of intermediary melt passages downstream from the upstream melt passage, and (iii) for at least one intermediary melt passage, an associated pair of downstream melt passages downstream from the at least one intermediary melt passage. The flow rotator comprises: (a) an inlet for receiving the laminar flowing material; (b) at least one outlet for discharging the laminar flowing material; and, (c) a bending path for orienting the at least one outlet relative to the inlet to rotate the cross-sectional asymmetrical condition of the laminar flowing material such that the cross-sectional asymmetrical condition is substantially equally divided between the two downstream portions.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawings, showing articles made according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which:
a, in a side view, illustrates a portion of a stack mold in accordance with the prior art;
b, in a schematic side view, illustrates a hot runner manifold in accordance with the prior art;
a, in a side view, illustrates a portion of a stack mold having the plug of
b, in a schematic side view, illustrates a manifold having the plug of
Referring to
Referring to
In the description that follows, like reference numerals are used to refer to analogous elements of the runner systems 12a and 12b of the injection molding apparatus 10 and the manifold 14b, respectively. The runner systems 12,12b differ, however, both include primary 16,16b, secondary 20,20b, and tertiary 24, 24b runners, through which the melt flow characteristics are similar.
Referring to
At the first branch 18b, the heated peripheral portion 28 of the flow is divided into two, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The melt flow through the primary 116b, secondary 120b and tertiary 124b runners will now be described with respect to
The section of the melt taken at A′-A′ in
Referring to
According to other embodiments of the invention, the flow is not rotated between the primary runner 116b and secondary runners 120b, but is instead rotated between the secondary runners 120b and tertiary runners 124b. However, this requires a different configuration of flow-rotating plug 30.
Referring to
Referring back to
Some stack molds and manifolds may comprise more than three levels of runners. That is, in addition to primary, secondary and tertiary runners, they may include quaternary runners. In such runner systems, each of the tertiary runners branches into a quaternary runner, which quaternary runner in turn supplies melt to an associated nozzle. In such hot runner systems, depending on the asymmetry existing in the tertiary runner, it may be necessary to include secondary plugs downstream from a primary plug, which primary plug may be the plug of
Referring to
Melt flow at a section M-M of a tertiary runner 324 downstream from the secondary runner 320 is shown in
Referring to
Referring to
While the preferred embodiments are described above, it will be appreciated that the present invention is susceptible to modification and change without departing from the fair meeting of the accompanying claims. For example, instead of the auxiliary plug being positioned at the juncture of the secondary runner and tertiary runners, auxiliary plugs might be positioned at the juncture of the tertiary runners and the quaternary runners, or positioned solely within the tertiary runners. Further, the invention may be implemented without using plugs. Instead of plugs, the runners in the manifold of stack mold may be configured in the same way as the plugs to rotate the melt for equal division between downstream runners. The purpose, in every case, is simply to rotate the melt within the relevant runner such that it is symmetrically divided in the next runner, or, such that it is aligned in the next runner for subsequent symmetric division in the runners immediately downstream from the next runner. All such modifications or variations are believed to be within the sphere and scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3696840 | Odhner | Oct 1972 | A |
4123496 | Gallizia et al. | Oct 1978 | A |
4292018 | Beale | Sep 1981 | A |
4299553 | Swaroop | Nov 1981 | A |
4303382 | Gellert | Dec 1981 | A |
4403933 | Davis et al. | Sep 1983 | A |
4443178 | Fujita | Apr 1984 | A |
4469649 | Ibar | Sep 1984 | A |
4781879 | Oishi | Nov 1988 | A |
4848920 | Heathe et al. | Jul 1989 | A |
4965028 | Maus et al. | Oct 1990 | A |
5069840 | Arnott | Dec 1991 | A |
5192556 | Schmidt | Mar 1993 | A |
5262119 | Smith | Nov 1993 | A |
5421715 | Hofstetter et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
5554395 | Hume et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5683731 | Deardurff et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5688462 | Salamon et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
5783234 | Teng | Jul 1998 | A |
5916605 | Swenson et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
5941637 | Maurer | Aug 1999 | A |
5955121 | Gellert et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
6077470 | Beaumont | Jun 2000 | A |
6089468 | Bouti | Jul 2000 | A |
6235230 | Puniello | May 2001 | B1 |
6349886 | Bouti | Feb 2002 | B1 |
6382528 | Bouti | May 2002 | B1 |
6450798 | Choi et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6503438 | Beaumont et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
6544028 | Wright et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6572361 | Gould et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
6245278 | Lausenhammer et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
20020070288 | Bouti | Jun 2002 | A1 |
20020086086 | Doyle et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
20020149135 | Choi et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20040047943 | White et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040130062 | Sicilia | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040256768 | Olaru | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20040265422 | Sabin et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050238758 | Ciccone et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
1 165 525 | Apr 1984 | CA |
20 17 710 | Oct 1970 | DE |
3201710 | Aug 1982 | DE |
0 293 756 | Dec 1988 | EP |
0 293 756 | Dec 1989 | EP |
0 779 140 | Jun 1997 | EP |
0 963 829 | Dec 1999 | EP |
1140456 | Oct 2001 | EP |
2-178012 | Jul 1990 | JP |
10-006363 | Jan 1998 | JP |
WO 0134365 | May 2001 | WO |
WO 03008173 | Jan 2003 | WO |
WO-03011443 | Feb 2003 | WO |
WO-03035 358 | May 2003 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20040164459 A1 | Aug 2004 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
60449597 | Feb 2003 | US |