Patent Application
20170100476
The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical preparation, especially useful for treating allergy, autoimmune disease or graft rejection.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,312,711 discloses a pharmaceutically or food composition intended for treating pathologies associated with graft rejection or allergic autoimmune reaction comprising the administration of a complex of a stress protein and epitopes of an antigenic structure.
WO 2013/011095 discloses a pharmaceutical preparation for subcutaneous injection comprising between 0.5 ng and 200 μg of HSP70 between 0.5 and 100 μg of fragments of an antigenic structure.
There has been a lot of research in connection with the inclusion of heat shock proteins in pharmaceutical preparations for tolerance induction, but clinical outcome is not always satisfying. There is still a need for an improvement of these preparations.
Surprisingly it has now been found that a pharmaceutical preparation comprising
The fragments of the antigenic structure dissolved in a solution comprising mannitol and trehalose, but without the addition of heat shock proteins are on the one hand safe in administration, but on the other hand also suitable for the treatment for inducing tolerance to the related antigen.
Mannitol and trehalose have been used in prior art for the formulation of pharmaceutical preparations, but typically in the context with lyophilized products.
The pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is not lyophilized during production, but nevertheless provides advanced stability upon storage.
The pharmaceutical preparation comprises about 2 to 6% (w/v) mannitol. The suitable amount of trehalose is in an amount of 0.5 to 2% (w/v), wherein the volume is measured at 25° C.
The preparation comprises also a buffering agent, a phosphate buffer is preferred.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical preparation is in a form for subcutaneous injection.
The preparation of the invention is essentially free of heat shock proteins. Essentially free of heat shock proteins refers to concentration of less than 1 μg/ml, preferably less than 1.0 ng/ml, more preferably less than 0.5 ng/ml.
The fragments of the antigenic structure are preferably prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of the antigenic structure. Preferred forms for preparing fragments of antigenic structures. Preferred ways of obtaining hydrolyzed allergen fragments preferably free of non-protein components of the antigens are the methods described in WO 2008/000783, WO 2009/083589 and WO 2012/172037; these methods are incorporated by reference. The major steps of these methods are:
A further denaturing step may be used prior to hydrolysis.
The antigenic structures are selected from antigenic structures which induce allergic reaction. Such antigenic structures which are also referred to as allergens. Preferred allergens are natural protein allergens. Suitable examples are selected from milk allergens, venom allergens, egg allergens, weed allergens, grass allergens, grass pollen antigens, tree allergens, shrub allergens, flower allergens, grain allergens, fungi allergens, fruit allergens, berry allergens, nut allergens, seed allergens, bean allergens fish allergens, shellfish allergens, meat allergens, spices allergens, insect allergens, mite allergens, animal allergens, animal dander allergens, allergens of Hevea brasiliensis. Very preferred allergens are grass pollen allergens, peanut allergens, house dust mite allergens, ragweed allergens and Japanese cedar allergens.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical preparation is used in a treatment comprising at least two injections in a patient at different time points, preferably wherein the preparation is for use in a treatment comprising of 2 to 20 injections with increasing amounts of the preparation.
A further embodiment of the present invention is a vial or application device comprising 0.2 to 1.50 ml or 0.5 to 1.50 ml of the pharmaceuticals preparation of the invention.
A further embodiment of the invention is a kit comprising 2 to 20 or 2 to 30 vials or application devices, said application devices comprising the necessary amount of the pharmaceutical preparation of the invention for use in a treatment comprising injections with increasing amounts of the preparation.
The application device is a more convenient form because it avoids the diffusion of the active ingredients present on the surface of the needle in the derma.
In a typical embodiment, the application devices are syringes. For example, the application devices could comprise a solution of 100 μg/ml of the preparation and the first syringe could comprise 50 μl, other devices 100, 200, 500 μl and 1000 μl. The advantage is that the preparation is ready to use. Prefilled application devices reduce the error rate during application.
Surprisingly the preparation of the present invention is stable at the temperature of a refrigerator for at least six months, preferably more than a year. Even if stored at room temperature, stability allows storage for a similar time period. These properties avoid cumbersome work related to dissolving lyophilized preparations prior to use.
It is believed that mannitol and trehalose provide for the high stability of the preparation, thus, increasing the safety and efficacy of the preparation.
A further embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating allergy comprising administering to a patient by a subcutaneous injection, a cumulated dose of 40 to 1000 μg of fragments of an antigenic structure using the pharmaceutical preparation of the invention.
Preferred time intervals between injection sessions are 2 to 10 days.
In one preferred embodiment, the patient receives two subcutaneous injections at different loci of the patient's body during the injection session, e.g. doctor visit. The injections are preferably performed with a 30 to 60 min interval. Preferred loci for injections are the left and the right arm of a patient.
The safety and effect of the preparation was analyzed. The study was conducted in the University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, Dresden, Germany together with the University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
As test material, an allergen extract from Lolium perenne was used comprising:
The administration scheme included 6 visits with 2 injections administered at a time interval of 30 min in each arm. Within the total of 12 subcutaneous injections on 6 visits, the cumulative dose was 490 μg. Before and after treatment, additional visits (visit 1, visit 8) were conducted. It was a monocentric study with 61 patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis due to grass pollen allergens. In this analysis, 44 patients were included, the others are still within the treatment.
The dosage regimen was 5 μg, 10 μg, 20 μg, 40 μg, 70 μg and 100 μg at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. As it is applied in each arm, the double amount was applied per visit. From this interim analysis of 44 patients, 38 completed the study, 6 drop-outs occurred, one was for systemic reactions, one was for private reasons and 4 patients were no longer reachable.
Including the drop-outs, the cumulative dose applied to the patients can be derived from table 1.
Prior to the treatment, a skin prick test was conducted. The results of the skin reaction (expressed in mm) can be seen in table 2. The positive control was an injection of histamine.
Additionally, the serum level of IgE was tested. The results are reported in table 3.
The efficacy of the experiment was tested using a diagnostic solution from ALK-Abel{grave over (l)} named “Provokationslösung ALK-lyophilisiert Gräser”. Increasing amounts were injected and the reaction was tested in a conjunctival provocation test (CPT) at visit 1, visit 6 and visit 8. The CPT stages were defined as in table 4 (Gronemeyer's grading, Richelman et al 2003 Arch. Allergy. Immunol. 130; 51-59).
The results are reported in Tables 5 to 7.
In summary, only one patient (2.7%) was showing no response to the “Provokationslösung” prior to treatment. This improved to 29 patients (76.3%) during treatment and 24 patients (64.9%) after treatment. An improvement of the CPT is achieved at visit 8 for 93.8% of all patients.
24 patients did not mention any adverse effect, 20 patients had one or more adverse effects, but no one experienced a serious adverse effect. At the site of injection, typically a redness and wheal occurs at injection site. The size wheal is an important safety indicator. It is measured about 30 minutes after injection.
Table 8 shows the variation of the redness diameter in cm during the visits and injections. Surprisingly and unexpected, the typical increase of redness diameter with increasing amounts of injection did not occur. In contrast, the redness diameter was almost stable or even decreased slightly during treatment. This is unexpected and an indication of the well-tolerated administration.
Additionally, the typical wheal reactions were below 1 cm. According to guidelines, adaptation of treatment is required when the local reaction reaches the limit of about 5 cm. In the present study, the maximum value observed for a wheal was 3.5 cm.
Especially the wheal diameter is a good indication of systemic reactions.
Immediate allergic systemic reaction emerging within 30 minutes after injection were reported in few patients, the reactions were graded in accordance to the recommendations of AWMF for the management of these reactions (Ring, J., Akuttherapie anaphylaktischer Reaktionen. Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie (DGAKI), des Ärzteverbandes Deutscher Allergologen (ÄDA), der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA) und der Deutschen Akademie für Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (DAAU). Allergo J 2007, 16: p. 420-434). Immediate allergic systemic reactions of grade I (mild) were reported in 2 patients (3.3% of patients) and 5 immediate allergic systemic reaction of grade II (moderate) were reported in 4 patients (6.6% of patients). These frequencies are lower than the frequency reported in literature (22% for grade II systemic reactions in a meta analysis of Calderon M A, Alves B, Jacobson M, Hurwitz B, Sheikh A, Durham S Allergen injection immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis (Review) The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 1).
The treatment was well-tolerated and highly efficient.
All references cited herein are incorporated by reference to the full extent to which the incorporation is not inconsistent with the express teachings herein.
To compare the safety of the preparation comprising mannitol/trehalose to technical phosphate buffer saline preparations. This comparative preparation comprised
The studies differed in that the product had a different formulation and each treatment was splitted into two injections, i.e. more allergens was applied.
Unexpectedly the use of the trehalose/mannitol composition resulted in a reduction of wheal diameter.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14164293.4 | Apr 2014 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2015/057772 | 4/9/2015 | WO | 00 |
