Patent Grant
9816715
The present invention relates to a humidifier and an air-conditioning apparatus including the humidifier.
With respect to specified designated buildings having a site area equal to or lager than 3000 [m2], such as commercial facilities and offices, the Act on Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings, generally known as building sanitation administration law, stipulates a control standard value for air environment as 17 [degrees C.] to 28 [degrees C.] for indoor temperature, and 40 [%] to 70 [%] for relative humidity. The indoor temperature has come to be relatively easily controlled, thanks to the spread of air conditioners. However, the relative humidity is not sufficiently controlled yet and, in particular, the lack of humidification in winter seasons is a major issue.
Humidification methods for an indoor space thus far known include vaporization, steaming, and spraying. The vaporization is performed by blowing air through a water-absorptive filter for heat exchange between the moisture contained in the filter and the air current, so as to evaporate the moisture from the filter thus humidifying the indoor space. In the steaming method, a heating device that heats up water in a tank is turned on to evaporate the water, thereby humidifying the indoor space. In the case of spraying, water is pressurized so as to turn into fine droplets, and the fine droplets of water exchange heat with air current.
For example, Patent Literature 1 proposes a humidifier based on the known vaporization method, the humidifier including a multitude of plate-shaped water-containing members vertically erected parallel to each other with a predetermined ventilation path therebetween, and located between an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The water-containing members according to Patent Literature 1 each have the upper edge fitted in a slit formed on the bottom plate of the upper chamber and including small holes formed on the respective sides, and the lower edge held by a groove provided in the lower chamber. Patent Literature 1 also teaches that a porous metal, a sintered metal, gathered metal fibers, gathered ceramic fibers, or other types of porous material may be employed as the water-containing member.
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. 8-30594
In the humidifier according to Patent Literature 1, however, when water is deposited around the lower end portion of the humidifying member, which is the plate-shaped water-containing member fitted in the groove of the chamber, germs and mold are prone to grow. When germs and mold grow a slime is formed, and the slime emits odorous substances thereby contaminating the air flowing out of the air outlet. In addition, the void of the porous metal body constituting the humidifying member may be clogged with the slime or scale, or dews may be deposited in the gaps between the humidifying members, which is known as bridging. In such cases the airflow is disturbed and the heat exchange efficiency declines, and consequently the humidifying performance is degraded.
The present invention has been accomplished in view of the foregoing problem, and provides a humidifier that suppresses formation of a slime, a scale, and a dew bridge around the lower portion of the humidifying member thereby preventing degradation in humidifying performance, and an air-conditioning apparatus including such a humidifier.
In an aspect, the present invention provides a humidifier that includes a humidifying member having therein a plurality of voids, a blower device that blows air to the humidifying member, and a water-supplying device that supplies water to the humidifying member. The humidifying member includes a projecting portion formed in a lower end portion and having a protruding shape or a pointed shape.
The humidifier according to the present invention prevents deposition of water around the lower portion of the humidifying member. Therefore, the growth of germs or mold, as well as the formation of a dew bridge around the lower portion of the humidifying member can be suppressed, and the degradation in humidifying performance can be prevented.
Hereafter, Embodiments of the humidifier according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The illustrated shapes in the drawings are in no way intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In all the drawings, the same or corresponding constituents will be given the same numeral.
(General Configuration of Humidifier)
As shown in
In the subsequent description, the left side in
The supply pipe 1, the reservoir 2, and the nozzle 3 constitute the water-supplying device for supplying the humidifying water to the porous metal body 5. The supply of the humidifying water to the porous metal body 5 by the water-supplying device is controlled by a non-illustrated controller.
The nozzle 3 is located right above the porous metal body 5, and serves to drop the humidifying water transported through the supply pipe 1, onto the top portion of the porous metal body 5. The nozzle 3 has a hollow shape, the outer and the inner diameter of which may be selected according to the size of the porous metal body 5. The tip portion of the nozzle 3 may be of a triangular conical shape, a circular tube shape, or a square tube shape, among which the triangular conical shape is adopted and the outlet of the nozzle 3 has a bore diameter of 0.5 [mm], in Embodiment 1. Forming the tip portion in an acute angle facilitates the dews to be separated from the nozzle 3. It is preferable to form the tip portion in a more acute angle. However, forming the tip portion in an excessively acute angle makes the nozzle 3 difficult to handle and degrades the strength thereof, and a preferable range of the angle of the tip portion is 10 degrees to 45 degrees. When the outlet is too large an excessive amount of water is supplied and wasted, while when the outlet is too small the nozzle 3 is prone to be clogged with particles and scales that have intruded in the water. From such viewpoints, a preferable range of the bore diameter of the outlet of the nozzle 3 is 0.3 [mm] to 0.7 [mm]. Examples of the material of the nozzle 3 include, but are not limited to metals such as stainless steel, tungsten, titanium, silver, or copper, and resins such as Teflon (registered trademark), polyethylene, or polypropylene.
The number of nozzles 3 may be determined according to the size of the porous metal body 5 in the airflow direction (length between the upstream end and the downstream end), such that a larger number of nozzles 3 are provided when the size of the porous metal body 5 in the airflow direction is larger, than when the size of the porous metal body 5 is smaller. For example, a single piece of nozzle 3 suffices when the size of the porous metal body 5 in the airflow direction is 60 [mm] or less, however it is preferable to provide a plurality of nozzles 3 when the size of the porous metal body 5 is larger than 60 [mm].
Although the amount of the humidifying water to be supplied to the porous metal body 5 through the nozzle 3 has to be larger than the amount actually consumed for the humidification, it can be wasteful to supply an excessively larger amount of water and it is preferable to determine an appropriate amount. For example, on the assumption that the humidifying capacity of the porous metal body 5 is 2000 [mL/h/m2], the dimensions of the porous metal body 5 are 200 [mm] by 50 [mm], and the porous metal body 5 is configured so as to humidify from the both faces, the humidification amount per sheet of the porous metal body 5 is 40 [mL/h]. Accordingly, it is preferable to supply 60 [mL/h] to 200 [mL/h] of humidifying water to the porous metal body 5, which is 1.5 to 5 times of the humidification amount.
For the purpose of humidifying the space to be humidified, any of pure water, tap water, soft water, and hard water may be employed as the humidifying water, but, it is preferable to employ water containing less mineral components including calcium ion or magnesium ion, to prevent the void in the porous metal body 5 from being clogged with scales. This is because, when the humidifying water contains a larger amount of mineral components, the ion component and carbon dioxide are reacted with each other thereby generating solid matters, and the void in the porous metal body 5 becomes more likely to be clogged. Accordingly, the ion components may be removed from the humidifying water with an ion exchange film for positive ion and negative ion.
(Configuration of Porous Metal Body)
The porous metal body 5 is constituted of a porous metal having a three-dimensional mesh structure having therein a plurality of voids, and has a generally flat plate shape in Embodiment 1. The porous metal body 5 is mounted such that the flat surface is oriented generally parallel to the airflow and in a generally vertical direction. The porous metal body 5 according to Embodiment 1 has a pentagonal shape as shown in
Here, the shape of the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 is not limited to a linear slope, but may be of an arcuate shape for example.
Here, it is not mandatory that the flat surface of the porous metal body 5 is oriented in the vertical direction, but the flat surface of the porous metal body 5 may be tilted with respect to the vertical direction.
Likewise, it is not mandatory that the respective flat surfaces of the plurality of porous metal bodies 5 are parallel to each other, but one or more of the porous metal bodies 5 may be inclined with respect to another.
Referring to
Although
The porous metal body 5 is widely employed for use in filters, catalyst carriers, gas diffusion layers of fuel cells, and so forth, and can be manufactured by a known method. The porous metal body may be formed, for example, by introducing bubbles in a slurry containing metal powder that is a material for forming the porous metal and a solvent, molding the slurry into a desired shape, and then sintering the slurry. Alternatively, a slurry containing metal powder that is a material for forming the porous metal, a binder resin to be decomposed through high-temperature sintering, and a solvent may be molded into a desired shape, and then degreased and sintered, to obtain the porous metal body.
The porous metal body 5 has a higher porosity and a larger average pore size than porous ceramics. Accordingly, the voids 15 in the porous metal body 5 can be prevented from being clogged with impurities contained in the humidifying water. In addition, the porous metal body 5 possesses capillary force, which enables the water droplet 301 from the reservoir 2 to be efficiently supplied into the porous metal body 5, without the need to employ a driving device such as a pump.
The species of metal employed to form the porous metal body 5 are not specifically limited, and metals such as titanium, copper, aluminum, or nickel, precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum, and alloys such as a nickel-based alloy and a cobalt-based alloy may be employed. Out of the cited materials, one or a combination of two or more may be employed. In particular, titanium is most preferable because of high corrosion resistance that enables the porous metal body 5 to maintain the shape for a long time and to thereby stably perform the humidification. The solvent for manufacturing the porous metal is not specifically limited, and for example water may be employed. Further, the binder resin for manufacturing the porous metal is not specifically limited, and for example an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, or a polyester resin may be employed. The sintering temperature is not specifically limited, but may be controlled as desired according to the adopted material.
Alternatively, the porous metal body 5 may be composed of a porous body formed of the cited resin and coated with the metal powder.
It is preferable to apply a hydrophilic treatment to the surface layer of the porous metal body 5, from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of the retained humidifying water and preventing degradation in water absorption performance. The method of the hydrophilic treatment is not specifically limited either, and the hydrophilic treatment may be provided, for example, by coating the porous metal body 5 with a hydrophilic resin, or by corona discharge or atmospheric plasma. Hereunder, an example of the hydrophilic treatment for the porous metal body 5 will be described.
(Hydrophilic Treatment)
The following example represents a coating process of a hydrophilic material onto the porous metal body 5. The porous metal body 5 is subjected to atmospheric oxidation at 400° C. for 30 minutes and then to chromate-phosphate treatment for improving the corrosion resistance of the surface, and then soaked in a sodium silicate aqueous solution 100 [mg/L] for 10 minutes to form a silica coating layer by drying at 80° C. for 5 hours.
It is preferable that the film thickness of the coating is in a range of 0.01 [μm] to 10 [μm]. When the film is too thick the pores in the foamed portion are covered, and when the film is too thin the film may be separated with the lapse of time, which leads to degradation in hydrophilicity of the surface and in water retention performance.
Regarding the hydrophilic material, a silane coupling agent or dimethylformamide solution of titanium oxide may be employed as substitute for silica. Alternatively an organic polymer resin may be employed, such as polyvinylalcohol, polyethylene glycol, cellroll, or dimethylformamide solution of an epoxy resin.
The smoother the surface of the porous metal body 5, the more the hydrophilicity increases, and hence the porous metal body 5 may be subjected to a smoothing treatment. In this case, it is preferable to coat the porous metal body 5 with an organic polymer resin. Through the mentioned process, the surface of the porous metal body 5 becomes hydrophilic and therefore the water absorption rate of the porous metal body 5 can be improved.
Here, the atmospheric plasma treatment may be performed as a pretreatment for the coating process. In this case the adhesion between the coating film and the porous metal is enhanced, and the temporal durability of the porous metal body 5 can be improved.
The porous metal body 5 may be obtained by making a sheet-shaped porous metal having a thickness between 0.5 [mm] and 2 [mm] and cutting or processing the porous metal into a desired shape. The processing method is not specifically limited and, for example, wire cutting, laser cutting, press stamping, shaving, manual cutting, or bending may be performed.
It is preferable that the porous metal body 5 has a porosity of 60 [%] to 90 [%], because the porosity in this range allows the porous metal body 5 to absorb a sufficient amount of water and to maintain a sufficient strength. A preferable range of the pore diameter of the porous metal body 5 is 50 [μm] to 600 [μm], because the pore diameter in this range allows the porous metal body 5 to maintain the strength and prevents clogging of the voids 15.
Although the porous metal body 5 constitutes the humidifying member in Embodiment 1, metal fiber may be employed as the humidifying member in place of the porous metal body 5.
(Operation of Humidifier)
Referring to
First, the humidifying operation of the humidifier will be described.
The water supplied through the supply pipe 1 is stored in the reservoir 2, and the water in the reservoir 2 is conveyed to the nozzle 3 to serve as humidifying water. The humidifying water conveyed to the nozzle 3 is dropped from above the porous metal body 5 to the top portion thereof, in the form of the water droplet 301. The humidifying water is thus supplied to the porous metal body 5. The humidifying water uniformly diffuses throughout the porous metal body 5 through the voids 15 owing to the capillary force of the porous metal body 5 and the gravity to the humidifying water, so that the porous metal body 5 retains a certain amount of water.
When the fan 9 is activated, air is caused to flow from the upstream side (left side in
Surplus water in the porous metal body 5 unconsumed for the humidification is deposited in the tip portion 16 in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 owing to gravity, and leaks out of the tip portion 16 and drops downward. The water which has leaked out of the porous metal body 5 is received by the drain pan 11 and discharged to outside of the humidifier.
Humidified air can thus be supplied to the space to be humidified, by the mentioned humidifying operation of the humidifier.
The drying operation of the humidifier according to Embodiment 1 will be described hereunder.
The humidifier performs, after the humidifying operation of a predetermined time, the drying operation including stopping the dripping of water from the nozzle 3 and keeping the fan 9 turned on for a predetermined time. Drying the porous metal body 5 by the drying operation suppresses the growth of microbes such as germs and mold in the porous metal body 5. In case that microbes such as germs and mold grows the porous metal body 5 becomes insanitary, and spores of the microbes and mold may be mixed in the air when the humidifying operation is resumed. In the drying operation, air may be supplied as it is, or hot wind heated by a non-illustrated heating device such as a heater may be supplied. Supplying the hot wind can shorten the drying time, but, energy for heating is required. Accordingly, either way may be selected according to the intended design.
It is preferable to determine the frequency of the drying operation according to the propagation rate of the microbes. For example, colibacilus multiplies to an enormous amount in a day under a favorable environment, and therefore it is preferable to perform the drying operation after the humidifying operation for the day is finished. However, drying the porous metal body 5 excessively frequently allows scales in the water to precipitate thereby degrading the humidifying performance, and therefore it is preferable to determine the frequency of the drying operation in consideration of the growth rate of germs and mold, as well as the hardness of the tap water.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 1)
As described above, the humidifier according to Embodiment 1 is configured to discharge the surplus water in the porous metal body 5 through the tip portion 16. Accordingly, dews are barely deposited in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5, and therefore the growth of germs and mold can be suppressed.
Here,
When water is deposited in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5, dews may form a chain in the gaps between the plurality of porous metal bodies 5, which is known as bridging. Here,
When the water in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 is not efficiently discharged as above, microbes such as germs and mold is prone to grow and the humidifying performance is prone to be degraded.
However, forming the tip portion 16 of a pointed shape protruding downward from the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 as in Embodiment 1 instead of forming the lower end portion in the horizontal flat shape enables the water in the lower portion of the porous metal body 5 to be efficiently discharged. Efficiently discharging the water in the lower portion of the porous metal body 5 as above suppresses the growth of microbes such as germs and mold as well as the degradation in humidifying performance, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state, for a longer period of time.
Here, it is preferable to form the lower support member 8 so as to support the downstream-side sidewall of the porous metal body 5 as shown in
Further, when the angle θ1 of the tip portion 16 is too large the water is unable to be efficiently prevented from accumulating in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5, and when the angle θ1 is too small the porous metal body 5 becomes more difficult to process, and the strength of the tip portion 16 declines. Accordingly, it is preferable to determine the angle θ1 of the tip portion 16 in consideration of the extent of accumulation of water in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5, the processability of the porous metal body 5, and the strength of the tip portion 16, for example in a range of 30 to 150 degrees.
Although the tip portion 16 is formed in a pointed shape (triangular shape) in the example shown in
Although the porous metal body 5 is formed in a pentagonal shape and one of the vertices of the pentagon is formed as the tip portion 16 in the example shown in
A humidifier according to Embodiment 2 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 1.
In Embodiment 1, the tip portion 16 is located at the central portion of the bottom face of the porous metal body 5, as shown in
In contrast, in Embodiment 2, the porous metal body 5 includes the tip portion 16 protruding downward from the upstream side of the airflow (left side in
In addition, an upper porous metal body 17, corresponding to the upper humidifying member, is provided on the porous metal body 5 according to Embodiment 2.
The humidifying operation of the humidifier is the same as the operation according to Embodiment 1.
In the humidifying operation, the air is sequentially humidified while flowing from the upstream side (left side in
In Embodiment 2, however, the tip portion 16 is provided in the upstream region of the porous metal body 5, in consideration of the mentioned phenomenon. Such a configuration facilitates the water to be deposited in the tip portion 16 and the upper region thereof, thereby allowing a larger amount of water to be supplied to the upstream region of the porous metal body 5. Therefore, unevenness of water distribution throughout the porous metal body 5 during the humidifying operation can be minimized.
In Embodiment 2, the water is once absorbed by the upper porous metal body 17 and then supplied to the porous metal body 5 via the upper porous metal body 17, and therefore unevenness of water distribution in the upper portion of the porous metal body 5 can be minimized.
Here, although the tip portion 16 is provided in the upstream region of all the porous metal bodies 5 as shown in
The drying operation is performed in the same way as in Embodiment 1.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 2)
The tip portions 16 are formed in the respective porous metal bodies 5 as described above, and therefore the water in the lower end portion of the porous metal bodies 5 can be efficiently discharged as in Embodiment 1. Consequently, the growth of germs and mold can be suppressed, and the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state can be maintained. In addition, the tip portion 16 is provided in the upstream region of the porous metal body 5 along the airflow direction in Embodiment 2, and therefore unevenness of water distribution in the porous metal body 5 can be minimized. Consequently, the water in the porous metal body 5 can be efficiently utilized for the humidifying operation, which leads to improved humidifying performance.
Further, in Embodiment 2 the upper porous metal body 17 is provided so as to cover the plurality of porous metal bodies 5 in close contact therewith, to thereby supply the water from the reservoir 2 into each of the porous metal bodies 5 through the upper porous metal body 17. Therefore, unevenness of water distribution in the porous metal body 5 can be minimized, and the humidification can be efficiently performed.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 3 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 2.
The configuration of the humidifier according to Embodiment 3 is the same as that of the humidifier according to Embodiment 2 shown in
In addition, the porous metal body 5 and the casings 12, 13 are also formed of a material having a high heat conductance, in Embodiment 3. The heat conductance of the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 is equal to or higher than that of the porous metal body 5.
The Antoine equation is expressed as the following formula (1).
In the cited equation, p represents the steam pressure. A, B, and C are Antoine constants that depend on the material and the unit of temperature. When mmHg is adopted as the unit of p and Celsius is adopted as the unit of T for water, A is 8.0275, B is 1705.62, and C is 231.41.
As shown in
On the other hand, the temperature of the porous metal body 5 is lowered owing to evaporation latent heat generated through the humidification. When the temperature of the porous metal body 5 falls the humidification capacity is degraded, and therefore it is effective to quickly discharge the cooling energy generated from the evaporation latent heat from the porous metal body 5, in order to maintain the humidifying performance level.
Accordingly, although either of the porous metal body 5 and the metal fiber may be employed as the humidifying member in Embodiment 1, it is preferable to employ the porous metal body 5 as the humidifying member in Embodiment 3, for the following reason. In comparison between the porous metal body 5 shown in
The operation of the humidifier is the same as that according to Embodiment 1.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 3)
In Embodiment 3, the porous metal body 5 formed of a metal having a high heat conductance is employed as the humidifying member, and the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 are formed of a metal or a ceramic having a heat conductance equal to or higher than that of the porous metal body 5. In addition, the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 are tightly joined to the porous metal body 5 and also to the casing 12 and the casing 13, so as to constitute an integrated structure. The mentioned configuration allows the cooling energy generated in the porous metal body 5 owing to the evaporation latent heat to be efficiently discharged to outside, and prevents the degradation in humidifying performance. In the drying operation also, the evaporation latent heat can be efficiently discharged to outside as in the humidifying operation, and therefore the water in the tip portion 16 of the porous metal body 5 can be efficiently dried, which shortens the time required for the drying operation. Efficiently drying thus the water in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 suppresses the growth of germs and mold, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 4 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 3.
In the humidifier according to Embodiment 4, a voltage is applied to the heater 18 in the drying operation to heat the porous metal body 5, thereby improving the efficiency of the drying operation. The remaining portions of the humidifier are configured in the same way as Embodiment 1.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 4)
In Embodiment 4, the porous metal body 5 formed of a metal having a high heat conductance is employed as the humidifying member, and the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 are formed of a metal or a ceramic having a heat conductance equal to or higher than that of the porous metal body 5, as in Embodiment 3. In addition, the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 are tightly joined to the porous metal body 5 and also to the casing 12 and the casing 13, so as to constitute an integrated structure. The mentioned configuration allows, as in Embodiment 3, the cooling energy generated in the porous metal body 5 owing to the evaporation latent heat to be efficiently discharged to outside, and prevents the degradation in humidifying performance.
In Embodiment 4, further, the heater 18 is provided in the casing 12 to heat up the porous metal body 5 with the heater 18 during the drying operation. Accordingly, the evaporation latent heat can be efficiently discharged to outside during the drying operation also, as during the humidifying operation. Therefore, the water in the tip portion 16 of the porous metal body 5 can be efficiently dried, which shortens the time required for the drying operation. Efficiently drying thus the water in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 suppresses the growth of germs and mold, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state.
Other than the foregoing example including the heater 18, for example the following configuration may be adopted.
In addition, although not illustrated, a substrate circuit including circuit parts for causing the humidifier to operate may be provided, instead of the heater 18, at a position that allows heat to be transmitted to the porous metal body 5. The substrate circuit generates heat during the operation, and hence the heat of the substrate circuit is transmitted to the porous metal body 5 through the casing 12, the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8, for example when the substrate circuit is provided at the same position where the heater 18 is to be mounted. Therefore, the same advantageous effects as those provided by the heater 18 can be attained.
Although the heating device (heater 18 or substrate circuit) for heating the porous metal body 5 and the heat transfer device (heat transfer fin 19) that transfers the heat transmitted from the porous metal body 5 are provided in the casing 12 in the foregoing example, the positions where the heating device and the heat transfer device are to be mounted are not limited to the casing 12. The heating device and the heat transfer device may be mounted at desired positions, provided that the heating device and the heat transfer device can perform the intended functions.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 5 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 1.
The humidifier according to Embodiment 5 is configured to increase the velocity of air passing through the porous metal body 5 in the drying operation, compared with the velocity in Embodiment 1.
Hereunder, the operation of the humidifier according to Embodiment 5 will be described. In the humidifying operation, the damper 20 is controlled so as to maximize the cross-sectional area of the flow path of air flowing toward the porous metal body 5. The operation in the other aspects in the humidifying operation is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
Further, in the drying operation the damper 20 narrows down the cross-sectional area of the flow path of air flowing toward the porous metal body 5, to thereby preferentially cause the air to flow to the vicinity of the tip portion 16, as shown in
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 5)
In Embodiment 5, the air passing the vicinity of the porous metal body 5 in the drying operation is caused to flow at a higher velocity than the air in the humidifying operation, and therefore the same advantageous effects as those provided by the Embodiment 1 can be obtained and, in addition, the porous metal body 5 can be efficiently dried in the drying operation. Therefore, the time required for the drying operation can be shortened.
In Embodiment 5, further, air is preferentially caused to flow toward the tip portion 16 of the porous metal body 5 in the drying operation. Therefore, the tip portion 16 of the porous metal body 5 can be efficiently dried. Consequently, the growth of germs and mold in the tip portion 16 can be suppressed, and the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state can be maintained.
Although the damper 20 is provided to increase the velocity of air passing through the porous metal body 5 in the foregoing example, the rotation speed of the fan 9 per unit time may be increased in the drying operation, instead of or in addition to providing the damper 20. Such an arrangement also allows the velocity of air passing through the porous metal body 5 to be increased, and therefore the time required for the drying operation can be shortened.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 6 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 1.
The operation of the humidifier according to Embodiment 6 will be described hereunder.
When the water droplet 302 is present on the optical path of the light from the LED 22 in the drying operation, the light from the LED 22 is scattered and a part of the scattered light enters the photomultiplier 23. The light incident on the photomultiplier 23 generates electromotive force, and is hence boosted to a certain voltage in the amplifier circuit 25 and inputted to the determination device 26. The determination device 26 determines whether the water droplet 302 is present through comparison between a predetermined voltage threshold and the inputted value, and inputs the determination result to the controller. The controller continues the drying operation when it is decided that the water droplet 302 is present, and stops the drying operation when it is decided that the water droplet 302 is not present.
Here, the rotation speed of the fan 9 may be controlled according to the output from the amplifier circuit 25, instead of deciding whether the water droplet 302 is present with the determination device 26 on the basis of the threshold.
Although the sensor 21 according to Embodiment 6 is based on the light scattering method, a sensor that detects humidity may be employed in place of the sensor 21. In the case of employing the humidity sensor also, whether the water droplet 302 is present may be decided through comparison between the detected humidity and a predetermined threshold as in the case of the sensor 21 based on the light scattering method, and alternatively the rotation speed of the fan 9 may be controlled according to the output from the amplifier circuit 25.
The humidifying operation in Embodiment 6 is the same as the operation according to Embodiment 1.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 6)
In Embodiment 6, the sensor 21 detects whether the water droplet 302 is present in the vicinity of the tip portion 16 of the porous metal body 5, and the drying operation is performed according to the detection result. Since the drying operation is continued while the water droplet 302 remains in the tip portion 16, the growth of germs and mold in the porous metal body 5 can be suppressed, and the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state can be maintained. In addition, since the drying operation is stopped when the water droplet 302 is no longer present in the tip portion 16, unnecessary drying operation can be avoided and the energy consumption can be reduced.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 7 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 1.
(Configuration of Humidifier)
The conductor electrode 27 serves to generate an electric field in the space (gap) between the conductor electrode 27 and the porous metal body 5. The conductor electrode 27 has to have conductivity in order to generate an electric field in the space between the conductor electrode 27 and the porous metal body 5, and hence it is preferable to employ a metal, a metal alloy, or a conductive resin to form the conductor electrode 27. In addition, it is preferable to employ a material having low electrical resistance to form the conductor electrode 27, such as aluminum, copper, or stainless steel from the viewpoint of versatility and processability, but a different material may also be employed. The size of the conductor electrode 27 is not specifically limited either, but may be adjusted according to the size of the humidifier to be manufactured.
The power source 28 is connected to the conductor electrode 27 to apply a voltage thereto. When the power source 28 applies a voltage to the conductor electrode 27, an electric field is generated in the space between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27.
For the porous metal body 5 to perform the humidification, the porous metal body 5 may be connected to the ground line 29 and a DC voltage of negative polarity to the conductor electrode 27 opposed to the porous metal body 5 as shown in
Regarding the voltage value to be applied by the power source 28 to the conductor electrode 27, a range between −10 [kV] and −4 [kV] is preferable in the case of applying a DC voltage of negative polarity. When the applied voltage is higher than −4 [kV] and lower than 0 [kV], the intensity of the electric field generated between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27 is insufficient, and water is unable to be drawn out from the porous metal body 5. On the other hand, when the applied voltage is lower than −10 [kV] (absolute value of the applied voltage is higher than 10 [kV]), the load of the power source 28 is increased and it becomes difficult to properly design the insulation.
Further, as will be described regarding the operation of the humidifier according to Embodiment 7, it is preferable to set the intensity of the electric field generated between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27 to a level lower than 30 [kV/cm] which is the breakdown field intensity of gas, in order to suppress discharging in the humidifier. This is because when an electric field having an intensity of 30 [kV/cm] is generated between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27 by the power source 28, spark discharge takes place between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27, which leads to a shortened life span of the porous metal body 5 and an increase in useless power consumption arising from heat generation.
It is preferable that the gap length of the space between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27 is in a range of 3 [mm] to 20 [mm]. When the gap length is shorter than 3 [mm], the pressure loss of the wind supplied by the fan increases because the space between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27 is narrow and therefore the electrical load of the fan 9 is increased. In contrast, when the gap length is longer than 20 [mm], a field intensity sufficient for drawing the water out of the porous metal body 5 is unable to be obtained, and hence the humidification performance is degraded.
In addition, the porous metal body 5 according to Embodiment 7 includes, as in Embodiment 1, the tip portion 16 which is water-absorptive and protruding downward, on the bottom face of the porous metal body 5 serving as the ground electrode. In Embodiment 7, the tip portion 16 is located at a lower position than the conductor electrode 27.
The tip portion 16 may be formed in a desired shape provided that the water droplet 302 is facilitated to drop, and for example the shape illustrated in
In addition, it is preferable to employ a water-absorptive material to form the tip portion 16, and the tip portion 16 may be formed of the same material as that of the porous metal body 5, or a material different from that of the porous metal body 5.
(Operation of Humidifier)
Still referring to
First, the humidifying operation of the humidifier will be described.
The water supplied through the supply pipe 1 is stored in the reservoir 2, and the water in the reservoir 2 is conveyed to the nozzle 3 as humidifying water. Upon reaching the nozzle 3, the humidifying water is dropped from above the porous metal body 5 to the top portion thereof, in the form of the water droplet 301. The humidifying water is thus supplied to the porous metal body 5. The humidifying water uniformly diffuses throughout the porous metal body 5 through the voids 15 owing to the capillary force of the porous metal body 5 and the gravity to the humidifying water, so that the porous metal body 5 retains a certain amount of water.
In this process, when the power source 28 applies a voltage to the conductor electrode 27 opposed to the porous metal body 5 with a predetermined gap therebetween, an electric field is generated between the porous metal body 5 which is grounded and the conductor electrode 27, and the electric charge migrates to the vicinity of the surface of the porous metal body 5. The water in the voids 15 of the porous metal body 5 are induction-charged by the electric charge that has migrated to the vicinity of the surface of the porous metal body 5, and the induction-charged water forms a Taylor cone of a triangular conical shape directed to the conductor electrode 27, owing to a Coulomb's force from the electric field. The Taylor cone is maintained in the triangular conical shape because of the balance between the Coulomb's force from the electric field applied to the induction-charged water and the surface tension. When the input voltage applied by the power source 28 to the conductor electrode 27 is increased so as to increase the field intensity until the Coulomb's force exceeds the surface tension of the water forming the Taylor cone, the Taylor cone drawn out from the porous metal body 5 is emitted to the space in a form of mist, and micronized into a size of scores of nanometers through Rayleigh fission. However, in Embodiment 7 the intensity of the electric field between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27 is controlled by the power source 28 so as to prevent discharging, and therefore the water on the surface of the porous metal body 5 is maintained in the form of the Taylor cone.
The water in the surface layer of the porous metal body 5 and the Taylor cone drawn out of the porous metal body 5 by the electric field transpire through gas-liquid contact with gas to be processed, which is the air supplied by the fan 9 provided upstream or downstream of the humidification unit including the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27, thereby humidifying the space to be humidified. The direction in which the fan 9 supplies the gas to be processed is set to be perpendicular to the direction of the electric field generated in the space between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27.
Further, increasing the voltage to be applied by the power source 28 to the conductor electrode 27 so as to increase the intensity of the electric field between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27 facilitates the formation of the Taylor cone, and therefore the contact area between the Taylor cone and the gas to be processed increases, thereby improving the humidifying performance.
In the case where the amount of water transpiring from the porous metal body 5 is smaller than the amount of the humidifying water supplied from the reservoir 2, the surplus water unconsumed for the humidification and remaining in the porous metal body 5 is deposited in the tip portion 16 in the lower portion of the porous metal body 5 owing to the gravity, and then leaks out of the tip portion 16 and drops downward. The water that has leaked out of the tip portion 16 of the porous metal body 5 is received by the drain pan 11 and discharged to outside of the humidifier.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 7)
In Embodiment 7, the electric field is generated between the porous metal body 5 and the conductor electrode 27, and the Taylor cone is drawn out of the porous metal body 5. Therefore, the humidification of the target space can be performed utilizing both the transpiration from the surface layer of the porous metal body 5 and the transpiration of the Taylor cone. Consequently, the humidifying performance can be improved.
In the case where the amount of water transpiring from the porous metal body 5 is smaller than the amount of the humidifying water supplied from the reservoir 2, the surplus water reaches the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5, and drops onto the drain pan 11 in the form of dews thus to be discharged. At this point, in the case where the spatial distance between the water droplet 302 and the conductor electrode 27 is too short, abnormal discharging may take place. In Embodiment 7, however, the tip portion 16 is provided in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5, so that the surplus water drops from the tip portion 16 onto the drain pan 11 in the form of the water droplet 302. In addition, the conductor electrode 27 is located at an upper position with respect to the tip portion 16. Accordingly, a sufficient spatial distance can be secured between the water droplet 302 and the conductor electrode 27, and therefore the abnormal discharging between the water droplet 302 and the conductor electrode 27 can be suppressed.
In addition, the water in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 can be efficiently discharged through the tip portion 16, and therefore the growth of germs and mold in the porous metal body 5 can be suppressed, and the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state can be maintained.
Although the humidifying member is constituted of the porous metal body 5 or the metal fiber 4 in Embodiments 1 to 7, a porous ceramic may be employed to form the humidifying member. In Embodiment 7 in particular, employing a conductive porous ceramic to form the humidifying member allows an electric field to be generated between the humidifying member and the conductor electrode 27.
In addition, the configurations represented by Embodiments 1 to 7 may be adopted in combination. In particular, the configuration of the porous metal body 5 and the tip portion 16 according to Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 may be applied to any of the other Embodiments.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 8 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.
(Configuration of Humidifier)
Embodiment 8 is different from Embodiment 1 shown in
Referring further to
Unlike the porous metal body 5, the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 do not have a porous structure, but are formed by molding from a resin or a metal. In the humidifying operation, the water migrates from the porous metal body 5 or the upper porous metal body 17 to the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8, and propagates along the surface of these members. The water that has flowed along the surface of the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8, which are formed of a resin or a metal, flows downward along the inclined bottom surface and then falls from the tip portion 31. The water that has migrated from the porous metal body 5 to the top face of the lower support member 8, and the water that has dropped from the upper downstream support member 7 onto the top face of the lower support member 8 flows along the inclined top side 8a and the top face of the lower support member 8.
In the example shown in
Regarding the porous metal body 5, the porous metal body 5 according to Embodiments 1 and 2 may be adopted, which includes the tip portion 16 formed such that the horizontal cross-sectional area of the lower portion thereof becomes smaller toward the lower position, stepwise or steplessly.
The humidifying operation and the drying operation of the humidifier are the same as those according to Embodiment 1.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 8)
In Embodiment 8, the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 are not formed with a horizontal lower end portion, but formed such that the respective bottom faces are inclined, and the tip portion 31 is provided so as to protrude downward from the lower end portion of each of the inclined faces. Therefore, the water flowing along the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 concentrates in the tip portion 31 owing to the gravity, thus to be efficiently discharged. Efficiently discharging as above the water in the lower portion of the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 suppresses the growth of microbes such as germs and mold as well as the degradation in humidifying performance, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state for a longer period of time.
In Embodiment 8, further, since the top side 8a of the lower support member 8 disposed in contact with the porous metal body 5 is inclined, the water that has migrated from the porous metal body 5 to the top portion of the lower support member 8 smoothly flows downward along the top side 8a, and therefore the water located on the lower support member 8 can be efficiently discharged. Efficiently discharging as above the water located on the lower support member 8 suppresses the growth of microbes such as germs and mold as well as the degradation in humidifying performance, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state for a longer period of time. In addition, in Embodiment 8 the top face of the lower support member 8 is inclined both in the airflow direction and in the direction orthogonal thereto, and therefore the water located on the top face of the lower support member 8 can smoothly flow toward the lowest position of the top face (pointed portion). Still further, in Embodiment 8 the top face and the bottom face of the lower support member 8 are inclined at the same angle, and therefore the water located on the lower support member 8 is facilitated to concentrate in the tip portion 31. Consequently, the water located on the top face of the lower support member 8 can be efficiently discharged.
Alternatively, instead of forming all of the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 with the inclined bottom face so as to form the tip portion 31, only the bottom face of the lower support member 8, where the water flow is largest, may be inclined so as to form the tip portion 31.
Further, the shape of the tip portion 31 may be a pointed shape (triangular) like the tip portion 16 of the porous metal body 5 according to Embodiment 1, or a rectangular protrusion like the tip portion 16 shown in
In addition, the inclination direction of the respective bottom faces of the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8, and the inclination direction of the top side 8a and the top face of the lower support member 8 are not limited to those illustrated, and the mentioned faces may be inclined in either or both of the airflow direction and the direction orthogonal thereto.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 9 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 8.
(Configuration of Humidifier)
Embodiment 9 is different from Embodiment 8 in the shape of the lower and upper portion of the lower support member 8. In Embodiment 8, all of the sides defining the bottom face of the lower support member 8 are linear as shown in
In Embodiment 8, the top side 8a of the lower support member 8 disposed in contact with the porous metal body 5 is linear, and the top face of the lower support member 8 is a flat inclined face. In Embodiment 9, however, the top side 8a is arcuately curved and the top face of the lower support member 8 is an arcuately curved inclined face.
The humidifying operation and the drying operation of the humidifier are the same as those according to Embodiment 1.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 9)
In Embodiment 9, the bottom face of the lower support member 8 is an arcuately curved inclined face, and the tip portion 31 of the projecting shape is provided in the lowermost portion of the lower support member 8. Accordingly, the water that has propagated from the porous metal body 5 to the lower support member 8 and flowed along the lower support member 8 concentrates in the tip portion 31 and drops in the form of the water droplet 304. Therefore, the water in the lower portion of the lower support member 8 can be efficiently discharged as in Embodiment 8. The mentioned configuration suppresses the growth of microbes such as germs and mold as well as the degradation in humidifying performance, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state for a longer period of time.
In Embodiment 9, further, since the top side 8a of the lower support member 8 disposed in contact with the porous metal body 5 is inclined in the arcuate shape, the water that has propagated from the porous metal body 5 to the top portion of the lower support member 8 smoothly flows downward along the top side 8a, and therefore the water located on the lower support member 8 can be efficiently discharged. Efficiently discharging as above the water located on the lower support member 8 suppresses the growth of microbes such as germs and mold as well as the degradation in humidifying performance, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state for a longer period of time. In addition, in Embodiment 9 the top face of the lower support member 8 is the arcuately curved inclined face, and therefore the water located on the top face of the lower support member 8 can smoothly flow toward the lowest position of the top face (pointed portion).
Here, the respective bottom faces of the upper upstream support member 6 and the upper downstream support member 7 may also be formed in a shape of arcuately curved inclined face, like the lower support member 8 according to Embodiment 9.
The shapes of the respective bottom faces of the upper upstream support member 6, the upper downstream support member 7, and the lower support member 8 are not limited to the flat inclined face of Embodiment 8, or the curved inclined face of Embodiment 9.
A humidifier according to Embodiment 10 will be described hereunder, focusing on differences from Embodiment 1.
As shown in
Although the shape of the porous metal body 5 seen from a lateral direction may be rectangular as shown in
The humidifying operation and the drying operation of the humidifier are the same as those according to Embodiment 1.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 10)
As described above, in Embodiment 10 the porous metal body 5 includes the tip portion 16 protruding downward from the lower end portion, and the tip portion 16 is formed in a tapered shape that is narrower at a lower position when viewed from the upstream side of the airflow (front side). Accordingly, the surplus water in the porous metal body 5 is deposited in the tip portion 16 and leaks therefrom thus dropping downward, and therefore the water in the lower end portion can be efficiently discharged. The mentioned configuration suppresses the growth of germs and mold, thereby maintaining the humidifying performance unchanged from the initial state.
Embodiment 11 represents an air-conditioning apparatus including the humidifier, as described hereunder with reference to the drawing.
(Configuration of Humidifier)
As shown in
In the heat exchanger 33 a heated or cooled refrigerant flows for heat exchange between the air flowing around the heat exchanger 33 and the refrigerant. The heat exchanger 33 is opposed to the porous metal body 5, and hence the air supplied by the fan 9 flows into the porous metal body 5 after passing through the heat exchanger 33.
The porous metal body 5 has a generally diamond-like shape in a view from a lateral direction, formed along the outer shape of the heat exchanger 33 opposed to the porous metal body 5. The bottom face of the porous metal body 5 is inclined in an up-down direction, and the porous metal body 5 includes the tip portion 16 protruding downward from the lower end portion. The specific shape of the tip portion 16 is not limited to the example shown in
(Operation of Humidifier)
Referring to
The air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 11 including the humidifier is configured to perform the humidifying operation, as well as the heating and cooling operation. The air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes a non-illustrated sensor that detects either or both of temperature and humidity of air in the space to be air-conditioned, to perform the humidifying operation and the heating/cooling operation at the same time or selectively, according to the temperature or humidity of the air in the space to be air-conditioned.
The humidifying operation is performed in the same way as Embodiment 1, in which the water stored in the reservoir 2 is conveyed to the nozzle 3 to serve as the humidifying water. The humidifying water conveyed to the nozzle 3 is dropped from above the porous metal body 5 to the top portion thereof. The humidifying water is thus supplied to the porous metal body 5. The humidifying water uniformly diffuses throughout the porous metal body 5 through the voids 15 in the porous metal body 5 owing to the capillary force thereof and the gravity to the humidifying water, so that the porous metal body 5 retains a certain amount of water.
When the fan 9 is activated, air is sucked into the casing 35 through the air inlet 34, and passes through the porous metal body 5 after sequentially passing through the filter 32, the fan 9, and the heat exchanger 33, and then supplied to outside of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 (into the room) through the air outlet 10 of the casing 35. The water retained by the porous metal body 5 transpires through gas-liquid contact with the air being caused to flow by the fan 9, thereby humidifying the air.
The surplus water in the porous metal body 5 unconsumed for the humidification is deposited in the tip portion 16 in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5 owing to gravity, and leaks out of the tip portion 16 and drops downward in the form of the water droplet 302. The water which has leaked out of the porous metal body 5 is received by the drain pan 11 and discharged to outside of the humidifier.
The humidified air can thus be supplied to the space to be humidified, by the mentioned humidifying operation of the humidifier.
Upon supplying the heated or cooled refrigerant to the heat exchanger 33 during the foregoing operation, heat exchange is performed between the refrigerant flowing in the heat exchanger 33 so as to change the temperature of the air. The heating or cooling of the air by the heat exchanger 33 and the evaporation of the water from the porous metal body 5 can create the desired temperature environment and humidity environment in the space to be air-conditioned.
The drying operation of the humidifier provided in the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is the same as Embodiment 1, in which the dripping of the water from the nozzle 3 is stopped after performing the humidifying operation for a predetermined time, and the fan 9 continues to blow air for a predetermined time. Performing thus the drying operation to dry the porous metal body 5 suppresses the growth of microbes such as germs and mold in the porous metal body 5. In the drying operation, the air sucked through the air inlet 34 may be supplied as it is to the porous metal body 5 without the refrigerant being supplied to the heat exchanger 33, or hot wind heated by the heated refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger 33 may be supplied to the porous metal body 5.
(Advantageous Effects of Embodiment 11)
As described above, the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 11 including the humidifier is configured to discharge the surplus water in the porous metal body 5 through the tip portion 16. Accordingly, dews are barely deposited in the lower end portion of the porous metal body 5, and therefore the growth of germs and mold can be suppressed.
1: supply pipe, 2: reservoir, 3: nozzle, 4: metal fiber, 5: porous metal body, 6: upper upstream support member, 7: upper downstream support member, 8: lower support member, 8a: top side, 9: fan, 10: air outlet, 11: drain pan, 12: casing, 13: casing, 14: metal portion, 15: void, 16: tip portion, 17: upper porous metal body, 18: heater, 19: heat transfer fin, 20: damper, 21: sensor, 22: LED, 23: photomultiplier, 24: power source, 25: amplifier circuit, 26: determination device, 27: conductor electrode, 28: power source, 29: ground line, 31: tip portion, 32: filter, 33: heat exchanger, 34: air inlet, 35: casing, 100: air-conditioning apparatus, 200: arrow, 201: arrow, 202: arrow, 301: dew, 302: dew, 303: bridge, 304: dew
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-204713 | Sep 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/054731 | 2/25/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/045609 | 3/27/2014 | WO | A |
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