Patent Grant
10587074
The described embodiments relate generally to electronic connectors that can be used to communicate signals and/or power between electronic devices. More particularly, the present embodiments relate to receptacle connectors that employ a first material for resilient contact fingers and a second material for electrical contacts that are mounted to the fingers so that each material can be independently optimized for its particular function within the electrical connector.
Currently there are a wide variety of electronic devices that include one or more external electrical receptacle connectors configured to repetitively receive a corresponding mating connector and couple power and/or data to the electronic device. As the receptacle connector is repetitively coupled with the corresponding mating connector the contacts within the receptacle connector can degrade resulting in an increase in contact resistance and ultimately failure of the connector and the electronic device. As electronic devices become a more integral part of everyone's lives and are used more frequently, new electrical connectors may require new features to increase the reliability of the connectors so they can survive an increased number of mating cycles without failing.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to receptacle connectors for electronic devices where the receptacle connectors are employed to repetitively couple to a corresponding mating connector. Some embodiments include a receptacle connector having a housing that defines a cavity configured to receive the mating connector. A hybrid contact assembly is positioned within the cavity and includes a contact plate that has multiple fingers, electrical contacts positioned at a distal end of each finger and conductors that run along each finger and electrically couple each contact to an interconnect region positioned outside of the housing. The fingers are made from a first material that is different from a second material that the contacts are made from. In some embodiments, the use of different materials for the fingers and the contacts enables the finger material to be optimized for fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and strength while the contact material can be independently optimized for low contact resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The hybrid contact assembly can result in improved reliability of the receptacle connector.
In some embodiments a receptacle connector comprises a housing defining a cavity and including a receiving opening for the cavity. The cavity and the receiving opening are shaped to allow a corresponding plug connector to be inserted through the receiving opening and into the cavity. A plurality of fingers are secured to the housing, each finger having a base portion and a distal end portion positioned within the cavity. A plurality of electrical conductors are attached to a respective one of the plurality of fingers, each electrical conductor extending from the distal end portion of a respective one of the plurality of fingers to an interconnect region positioned outside of the housing. A plurality of electrical contacts are attached to a respective one of the plurality of electrical conductors, each electrical contact positioned proximate the distal end portion of a respective one of the plurality of fingers.
In various embodiments each of the plurality of fingers comprises a first metal having a first modulus of elasticity and each of the plurality of electrical contacts comprises a second metal having a second modulus of elasticity, wherein the first modulus of elasticity is higher than the second modulus of elasticity. In some embodiments the plurality of electrical conductors are integrated within a flexible circuit. In various embodiments the interconnect region is formed from a portion of the flexible circuit.
In some embodiment the base portions of each of the plurality of fingers are coupled together forming a common base portion. In various embodiments the plurality of electrical contacts are electrically insulated from the plurality of fingers.
In some embodiments the cavity and the receiving opening are shaped to allow the corresponding plug connector to be inserted through the receiving opening and into the cavity in a first orientation and in a second orientation, wherein the second orientation is rotated 180 degrees from the first orientation.
In some embodiments a receptacle connector comprises a housing defining a cavity and including a receiving opening for the cavity wherein the cavity and the receiving opening shaped to allow a corresponding plug connector to be inserted through the receiving opening and into the cavity. A finger having a base portion is secured to the housing and a distal end portion is positioned within the cavity. An electrical conductor is attached to the finger and extends from the distal end portion to an interconnect region positioned outside of the housing. An electrical contact is attached to the electrical conductor and is positioned proximate the distal end portion of the finger.
In some embodiments the receptacle connector further comprises a plurality of fingers, each finger having a base portion. In various embodiments the base portion of each of the plurality of fingers is coupled together forming a common base portion. In some embodiments the receptacle connector further comprises a plurality of electrical conductors. In various embodiments the plurality of electrical conductors are integrated within a flexible circuit.
In some embodiments an insulator is positioned between the electrical conductor and the finger. In various embodiments the finger comprises a first metal and the electrical contact comprises a second metal, and wherein the first metal has a higher modulus of elasticity than the second metal.
In some embodiments the electrical contact is electrically insulated from the finger. In various embodiments the cavity and the receiving opening are shaped to allow the corresponding plug connector to be inserted through the receiving opening and into the cavity in a first orientation and in a second orientation, wherein the second orientation is rotated 180 degrees from the first orientation.
In some embodiments the receptacle connector further comprises a rear cover that is received within a rear opening of the housing. In various embodiments the rear cover includes at least one ground prong that extends into the cavity. In some embodiments the finger comprises stainless steel. In various embodiments the electrical contact comprises gold.
To better understand the nature and advantages of the present disclosure, reference should be made to the following description and the accompanying figures. It is to be understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the scope of the present disclosure. Also, as a general rule, and unless it is evident to the contrary from the description, where elements in different figures use identical reference numbers, the elements are generally either identical or at least similar in function or purpose.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to electrical receptacle connectors having improved reliability as compared to traditional receptacle connectors. More specifically, in various embodiments a hybrid contact assembly is positioned within a receptacle connector housing and is arranged to make contact with a corresponding mating connector. The hybrid contact assembly is referred to as a hybrid because it employs metallic leads made from a first material, contacts made from a second material and circuitry that runs along the leads. More specifically, the hybrid contact assembly includes a contact plate that has multiple resilient fingers, electrical contacts positioned at a distal end of each finger and electrical conductors that run along each finger and electrically couple each contact to an interconnect region positioned outside of the connector housing. The fingers are made from a first material that is different from a second material that the contacts are made from, enabling each material to be independently optimized, as described in more detail below.
While the present disclosure can be useful for a wide variety of configurations, some embodiments of the disclosure are particularly useful for receptacle connectors that are subjected to a high number of mating and demating cycles, such as those used in consumer portable electronic devices. More specifically, electronic devices, such as for example cellular phones, that use a cable and connector to receive power and/or communicate data may require an electrical connector that can survive a high number of mating cycles without failing. To increase the reliability of the connector a hybrid contact assembly can be employed within the receptacle connector, as described in more detail below.
In some embodiments a hybrid receptacle connector includes a housing defining a cavity configured to receive a mating connector. A hybrid contact assembly is positioned within the cavity and includes a contact plate that has multiple fingers, contacts positioned at a distal end of each finger and conductors that run along each finger and electrically couple each contact to an interconnect region positioned outside of the housing. The fingers are made from a first material that is different from a second material that the contacts are made from. In some embodiments, the use of different materials for the fingers and the contacts enables the finger material to be optimized for fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and strength while the contact material can be independently optimized for low contact resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Since each material can be independently optimized to perform one function, the hybrid contact assembly can result in improved reliability of the receptacle connector.
In another example the conductors that connect to the contacts and run along the fingers can be formed within a flexible circuit that is laminated to a metallic contact plate to form a contact subassembly. Individual fingers can be formed in the subassembly and contacts made from a material optimized for performance as an electrical contact can be used to form contacts that are attached to a distal end portion of each finger. The contact plate can be formed from a material optimized for strength and fatigue resistance to ensure that the contacts maintain the requisite contact force when mated with a corresponding connector.
In another example a rear cover can be fit within a portion of the receptacle connector housing to seal the mating cavity and secure the hybrid contact assembly within the housing. In other examples a sealant can be applied over the rear cover to seal the receptacle connector such that moisture and/or debris from the external environment cannot pass through the connector and into the electronic device.
In order to better appreciate the features and aspects of electronic receptacle connectors with hybrid contact assemblies, further context for the disclosure is provided in the following section by discussing one particular implementation of an electronic receptacle connector according to embodiments of the present disclosure. These embodiments are for example only and other embodiments can be employed in other electronic connectors. For example, any electronic connector that receives or mates with a corresponding connector can be used with embodiments of the disclosure. In some instances, embodiments of the disclosure are particularly well suited for use with receptacle connectors having internal contacts because of the configuration of the hybrid contact assembly that includes electrical contacts disposed on corresponding resilient deflectable fingers. Such receptacle connectors can include, for example, universal serial bus, RJ-11, RJ-45, printed circuit board edge connectors, proprietary connectors such as the Apple Lightening® connector or any other connector that receives a plug connector and is used to communicate DC power, AC power, digital and/or analog signals.
As further illustrated in
In contrast, traditional contact assemblies typically use a single material for the resilient fingers and the contacts, or they form the fingers from one material and plate them with a separate material that functions as the contact material. The inventors have recognized, however, that materials that are typically well suited for fingers (e.g., stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, beryllium-copper, phosphor-bronze, copper, etc.) may not be well suited for use as contacts, and materials that are well suited for contacts (e.g., (gold, silver, palladium, noble metal alloys, etc.) may not be well suited for use as fingers. Further, if the contact material is plated on the fingers, the plating is typically relatively thin and prone to wear, pin holes and/or cracking that result in corrosion and degradation of performance of the connector. Therefore, the described embodiments of a hybrid contact assembly can result in improved connector performance and reliability since they enable the use of a first material that is selected to function only as a resilient finger and a second material that is selected to function only as an electrical contact, as discussed in more detail below.
As further shown in
In other embodiments contact plate 205 may not have a unified base portion 220 and therefore each finger 210 can be separate with each finger having its own separate base portion that is secured to housing 110. In some embodiments contact plate 205 can be made from a material exhibiting high fatigue resistance, and/or a high modulus of elasticity such as, for example, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, beryllium-copper, phosphor-bronze, copper, silicon or any other appropriate material. Contact plate 205 can be formed by stamping, etching, injection molding, water jet cutting or any other suitable process. In some embodiments fingers 210 can be formed to be uniform in shape as shown in
The geometry of fingers 210 is not limited to the specific geometry depicted in
As introduced above, an electrical conductor 215 is attached to each finger 210 and extends from distal end portion 225 of each finger 210 to interface region 130 that is outside of housing 110. In some embodiments each conductor 215 forms a portion of a flexible circuit 235 that is attached to contact plate 205. Flexible circuit 235 can include a plurality of conductors 215 separated from contact plate 205 by a first dielectric layer 240. A second dielectric layer 245 can be positioned on top of each of the plurality of conductors 215, as described in greater detail below.
In the embodiment illustrated in
As further illustrated in
In some embodiments conductive joint 250 is formed by solder, which is used to mechanically and electrically couple each contact 120 to a corresponding conductor 215. Other embodiments can form conductive joint 250 with an electrically conductive adhesive, welding, or other process as described in more detail below. In various embodiments a passivation material (not shown in
As further illustrated in
Metal clip 145 can be attached to a portion of housing 110 and can function as a ground connection for receptacle connector 100 and can be coupled to pair of ground contacts 260 to provide a path to ground for the corresponding mating connector. Metal clip 145 can be made from any conductive metal including, but not limited to, stainless steel and plated copper alloys.
Housing 110 can be a monolithic insulative structure that can be made by injection molding or other suitable process. In some embodiments housing 110 can include a lip 275 that functions as a stop, preventing fingers 210 from moving into cavity 115. In various embodiments fingers 210 can be formed so they are all “pre-stressed” against lip 275 so the lip holds them all in a controlled position and at a precise location within cavity 115. More specifically, fingers 210 can be formed such that without lip 275 the fingers would be positioned in cavity 115, but lip 275 holds the fingers out of the cavity. Therefore lip 275 can function as a stop for all fingers 210 so the fingers are all uniformly positioned against the lip. Housing 110 can also include one or more slots 290 that are disposed in bottom wall 295 and are configured to receive fingers 210 and maintain the fingers in position within cavity 115 and electrically isolated from one another. In some embodiments housing 110 can be made from an electrically insulative polymer such as, for example, a polycarbonate.
Second dielectric layer 245 can be formed on top of conductor 215 and portions of first dielectric layer 240 such that the conductor is encapsulated between first and second dielectric layers, 240, 245, respectively. In some embodiments first and second dielectric layers 240, 245, respectively, can be made from a polymer or other dielectric material that can include for example, polyamide, epoxy, polymer or teflon. In further embodiments second dielectric layer 245 can have an opening 305 that exposes conductor 215. Contact 120 can be electrically coupled to conductor 215 within opening 305 with conductive joint 250. Conductive joint 250 can be formed with solder, conductive adhesive, welding, or any other method. In some embodiments flexible circuit 235 can be attached to contact plate 205 with an adhesive layer 310 that can be, for example, a pressure sensitive or heat sensitive adhesive.
Flexible circuit 235, as disclosed herein, describes a circuit that includes an insulating dielectric film having conductive circuit patterns affixed thereto and can also include a polymer coating formed over the conductive circuits. Flexible circuits can include a single metal layer, two or more metal layers and/or a combination of flexible and rigid circuits. In some embodiments flexible circuit 235 is formed by etching metal foil cladding (normally of copper) from polymer bases, plating metal or printing of conductive inks, among other processes. Flexible circuits can also include one or more electronic passive or active components attached thereto. In various embodiments, flexible circuit 235 can be fabricated using a lamination process that adheres metal and dielectric layers together with an adhesive or polymer under pressure, elevated temperature and/or vacuum.
In some embodiments flexible circuit 235 can be designed with parameters that are optimized for high speed data transmission. More specifically, first and second dielectric layers 240, 245, respectively can be selected to have a particular dielectric constant, loss tangent and/or other electrical property and can be made from any material including but not limited to a polymer, an epoxy, a teflon or a ceramic. Conductor 215 can be designed to have a particular width, thickness and/or separation from a ground such that it has a designed impedance that enables conductor 215 to efficiently transmit high speed signals. In some embodiments the high speed signals can be above 5 MHz, while in another embodiment the high speed signals can be above 5 GHz and in some embodiments the high speed signals can be above 20 GHz. In some embodiments conductor 215 can be designed as a microstrip conductor that has a particular impedance to a separate ground layer disposed within flexible circuit 235 or the ground layer can be fingers 210. In another embodiment conductor 215 can be designed as a stripline conductor having a ground plane both above and below the conductor. In yet further embodiments conductor 215 can be designed as a coplanar waveguide conductor having a ground on either side of the conductor. In another embodiment conductor 215 can have grounds above, below and to each side.
In further embodiments each conductor 215 can be separate (not a portion of a unitary flexible circuit as described above) and can be electrically isolated from contact plate 205 by a dielectric layer formed on each corresponding finger 210. In some embodiments each conductor 215 can be formed on a the dielectric layer on each corresponding finger using, for example, electroless and/or electrolytic plating, lamination, photoimaging or thin film deposition. In yet further embodiments contact plate 205 and fingers 210 can be formed from an electrically insulative material (e.g., made from silicon or plastic) and conductor 215 can be attached directly to each respective finger 210 without the need for an intervening dielectric layer.
As illustrated in
In step 410, an adhesive layer is applied to the contact plate. Referring to
In step 415 a flexible circuit is formed. Referring to
In step 420 the flexible circuit is attached to the adhesive layer on the contact plate. Referring to
In step 425 fingers are formed in the subassembly. Referring to
When the material between the fingers is removed as shown in
In some embodiments a width 810 of each finger 805 is between 100 microns and 1000 microns while in some embodiments the width is between 200 microns and 500 microns and in some embodiments the width is between 350 microns and 400 microns. In some embodiments a gap 815 between each finger 805 is between 50 microns and 800 microns while in some embodiments the gap is between 100 microns and 400 microns and in some embodiments the gap is between 225 microns and 275 microns. In some embodiments a thickness 820 of each finger 805 is between 50 microns and 800 microns while in some embodiments the gap is between 100 microns and 400 microns and in some embodiments the gap is between 175 microns and 225 microns.
In step 430, contacts are attached to each finger. Referring to
In step 1005 a flexible circuit is formed. Referring to
In step 1010, an adhesive layer is applied to the contact plate and covered with a separator that can be easily detached from the adhesive layer. Referring to
In step 1015 fingers are formed in the subassembly. Referring to
In step 1020 a contact plate is formed using any appropriate manufacturing technique. Referring to
In step 1025 fingers are formed in the contact plate. Still referring to
In step 1035 the flexible circuit is attached to the contact plate. Referring to
In step 1040, a contact is attached to each finger. Still referring to
The figures above illustrate an example receptacle connector to demonstrate one way of using a hybrid contact assembly and in no way limit this disclosure to other receptacle connector designs and/or configurations. In some embodiments the features described herein can be employed in a universal serial bus receptacle connector, an RJ-45 or RJ-11 receptacle connector, a printed circuit board edge connector, proprietary connectors or any other type of connector.
In further embodiments a receptacle connector, such as for example receptacle connector 100 illustrated in
In the foregoing specification, embodiments of the disclosure have been described with reference to numerous specific details that can vary from implementation to implementation. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The sole and exclusive indicator of the scope of the disclosure, and what is intended by the applicants to be the scope of the disclosure, is the literal and equivalent scope of the set of claims that issue from this application, in the specific form in which such claims issue, including any subsequent correction. The specific details of particular embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the spirit and scope of embodiments of the disclosure.
Additionally, spatially relative terms, such as “bottom or “top” and the like can be used to describe an element and/or feature's relationship to another element(s) and/or feature(s) as, for example, illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use and/or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as a “bottom” surface can then be oriented “above” other elements or features. The device can be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/565,420, for “HYBRID ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR” filed on Sep. 29, 2017 which is hereby incorporated by reference in entirety for all purposes.
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