Patent Grant
10637186
Coaxial cable is a typical transmission medium used in communications networks, such as a CATV network. The cables which make up the transmission portion of the network are typically of the “hard-line” variety, while those used to distribute the signals into residences and businesses are typically “drop-line” connectors. A principal difference between hard- and drop-line cables relate to the material composition of the conductive outer conductor. More specifically, hard-line cables include a rigid or semi-rigid outer conductor covered by a weather protecting outer jacket which prevents radiation leakage and protects the inner conductor and core dielectric. Furthermore, the rigidity of the outer conductor enables large straight-line distances to be spanned by hard-line cables. Drop-line cables include a relatively flexible, braided outer conductor that permits bending around obstacles located between the transition/junction box and the television, computer, DVR, and the like. Due to the differences in size, material composition, and performance associated with hard- and drop-line cables, there are different technical considerations involved in the design of the connectors used in conjunction with such cables.
When constructing and maintaining a cable network, the transmission cables are often interconnected by electrical equipment which “conditions” the signal being transmitted. Such electrical equipment is typically housed in a box that may be located outside on a pole, or the like, or underground that is accessible through a cover. In either event, the boxes have standard ports to which the transmission cables may be connected. In order to maintain the electrical integrity of the signal, it is critical that the transmission cable be securely interconnected to the port without disrupting the ground connection of the cable. This requires a skilled technician to effect the interconnection.
Currently, when using a commercially available three piece connector, it is not practical to secure the connector to the outer conductor of the cable prior to securing the front and back portions of the connector to one another. To do so would prevent the portion secured to the cable from turning freely, thus preventing it being easily threaded onto the portion secured in the line equipment (taps, amplifiers, etc.). Instead, the installer holds the cable firmly butted to the connector while tightening the two portions of the connector together; otherwise, the center conductor seizure mechanism may secure the center conductor in the wrong position (leading to inadequate cable retention and electrical connection). It will be appreciated that holding the cable portions together while manipulating two wrenches simultaneously, can be difficult. In addition, it is typically not possible to disconnect the cable from the line equipment without first releasing the cable from the connector, thus breaking what might otherwise have been a good connection in order to perform service or testing. Often, in order to ensure a good connection when reinstalled, it is standard practice to cut and re-prepare the cable, which eventually shortens the cable to the point where a section of additional cable needs to be added or spliced-together.
In addition to the difficulties associated with manipulating multiple parts or components of hard-line connectors, the number of components adversely impacts the cost and complexity of the connector. A connector, whether it is a hard-line or conventional F-type drop-line, connector, typically includes: (i) an outer connector body, (2) an inner post, (3) a threaded coupler, (4) an inner conductor engager, (5) an insulating/centering member, (6) a multi-fingered compression ring/external fastener; (7) a continuity member, and (8) outer conductor engager. Consequently, a typical connector requires at least eight (8) separate components to make a viable mechanical and electrical connection between a coaxial cable and an interface port. Inasmuch as the market for connectors is highly competitive/cost sensitive, the elimination/deletion of even a single element/component can be the difference between being selected as a network supplier or being eliminated from a market in its entirety. This is due to the fact that even a faction of a penny (i.e., in savings) can translate into millions of dollars when considering the billions of connections which will be made. The elimination of several components by a manufacturer can result in sweeping changes in a market, i.e., a complete retrofit of existing devices with a less expensive connector.
Therefore, there is a need to overcome, or otherwise lessen the effects of, the disadvantages and shortcomings described above
A connector is provided for mechanically and electrically coupler a coaxial cable to a port which minimizes the component parts to enhance reliability and reduce cost without sacrificing performance. The connector includes a sleeve operative to engage the outer conductor of the coaxial cable while the coupler is configured to effect relative displacement of the coaxial cable and interface port. The sleeve and the coupler each include aligned bores for receiving the coaxial cable which presents a center conductor pin and a collapsible outer conductor to the interface port. As the coaxial cable is axially displaced toward the port, the center conductor pin engages a socket of the port while an annular compression surface of the port simultaneously engages an annular outer conductor edge of the port, collapsing the outer conductor against the port to enhance electrical conductivity and RF performance.
Axial displacement of the coaxial cable is effected by a threaded interface between the coupler and the port. More specifically, the sleeve engages a corrugated outer conductor surface or a “spiral-superflex” outer conductor surface and includes an outwardly projecting flange for engaging an inwardly projecting flange of the coupler. Rotation of the coupler effects axial displacement of the sleeve and coaxial cable toward the interface port. The axial displacement draws the inner conductor pin and the corrugated/spiral outer conductor into engagement with an inner conductor receptacle and an annular compression surface of the interface port.
As such, the relative displacement of the interface port and the coupler causes the annular compression surface to engage, and axially deform, the outer conductor thereby effecting an electrical ground from the outer conductor to the port body while, at the same time, effecting a reliable and secure connection between an RF signal-carrying inner conductor and the inner conductor receptacle of the interface port. Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure are described in, and will be apparent from, the following Brief Description of the Drawings and Detailed Description.
Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure are described in, and will be apparent from, the following Brief Description of the Drawings and Detailed Description.
In one embodiment, wireless communications employ a network switching subsystem (“NSS”) which includes a circuit-switched core network for circuit-switched phone connections. The NSS also includes a service architecture which enables mobile networks, such as 2G, 3G and 4G mobile networks, to transmit Internet Protocol (“IP”) packets to external networks such as the Internet. The service architecture enables mobile phones to have access to services such as Wireless Application Protocol (“WAP”), Multimedia Messaging Services (“MSSs”) and the Internet.
A service provider or carrier operates a plurality of centralized mobile telephone switching offices (“MTSOs”). Each MTSO controls the base stations within a select region or cell surrounding the MTSO. The MTSOs also handle connections to the Internet and phone connections.
Referring to
The cell size depends upon the type of wireless network employed. For example, a macro cell can have a base station antenna installed on a tower or a building above the average rooftop level, such as the macro antennas 5 and 6. A micro cell can have an antenna installed at a height below the average rooftop level, often suitable for urban environments, such as the street lamp-mounted micro antenna 8. A picocell is a relatively small cell often suitable for indoor use.
As illustrated in
Depending upon the embodiment, the RF repeater 20 can be an analog repeater that amplifies all received signals, or the digital RF repeater 20. In one embodiment, the digital repeater 20 includes a processor and a memory device or data storage device. The data storage device stores logic in the form of computer-readable instructions. The processor executes the logic to filter or clean the received signals before repeating the signals. In one embodiment, the digital repeater does not need to receive signals from an external antenna, but rather, has a built-in antenna located within its housing.
In one embodiment illustrated in
In one embodiment, a distribution line 34, such as coaxial cable or fiber optic cable, distributes signals exchanged between the base station equipment 32 and the remote radio heads 30. Each remote radio head 30 is operatively coupled, and mounted adjacent, a group of associated macro antennas 6. Each remote radio head 30 manages the distribution of signals between its associated macro antennas 6 and the base station equipment 30. In one embodiment, the remote radio heads 30 extend the coverage and efficiency of the macro antennas 6. The remote radio heads 30, in one embodiment, have RF circuitry, analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters and up/down converters.
The antennas, such as macro antennas 6, micro antennas 8 and remote antenna units 24, are operable to receive signals from communication devices and send signals to the communication devices. Depending upon the embodiment, the antennas can be of different types, including, but not limited to, directional antennas, omni-directional antennas, isotropic antennas, dish-shaped antennas, and microwave antennas. Directional antennas can improve reception in higher traffic areas, along highways, and inside buildings like stadiums and arenas. Based upon applicable laws, a service provider may operate omni-directional cell tower signals up to a maximum power, such as 100 watts, while the service provider may operate directional cell tower signals up to a higher maximum of effective radiated power (“ERP”), such as 500 watts.
An omni-directional antenna is operable to radiate radio wave power uniformly in all directions in one plane. The radiation pattern can be similar to a doughnut shape where the antenna is at the center of the donut. The radial distance from the center represents the power radiated in that direction. The power radiated is maximum in horizontal directions, dropping to zero directly above and below the antenna.
An isotropic antenna is operable to radiate equal power in all directions and has a spherical radiation pattern. Omni-directional antennas, when properly mounted, can save energy in comparison to isotropic antennas. For example, since their radiation drops off with elevation angle, little radio energy is aimed into the sky or down toward the earth where it could be wasted. In contrast, isotropic antennas can waste such energy.
In one embodiment, the antenna has: (a) a transceiver moveably mounted to an antenna frame; (b) a transmitting data port, a receiving data port, or a transceiver data port; (c) an electrical unit having a PC board controller and motor; (d) a housing or enclosure that covers the electrical unit; and (e) a drive assembly or drive mechanism that couples the motor to the antenna frame. Depending upon the embodiment, the transceiver can be tiltably, pivotably or rotatably mounted to the antenna frame. One or more cables connect the antenna's electrical unit to the base station equipment 32 for providing electrical power and motor control signals to the antenna. A technician of a service provider can reposition the antenna by providing desired inputs using the base station equipment 32. For example, if the antenna has poor reception, the technician can remotely change the tilt angle of the antenna from the ground without having to climb up and manually reposition the antenna. As a consequence, an antenna motor drives the antenna frame to a desired tilt angle. Depending upon the embodiment, a technician can control the position of a moveable antenna from the base station, from a remote office or from a land vehicle by providing inputs over the Internet.
Generally, the networks 2 and 12 include a plurality of network devices, including, but not limited to, the base station equipment 32, one or more radio heads 30, macro antennas 6, micro antennas 8, RF repeaters 20 and remote antenna units 24. As described above, these network devices include data interface ports which couple to connectors of signal-carrying cables, such as coaxial cables and fiber optic cables. In the example illustrated in
The interface ports of the networks 2 and 12 can have different shapes, sizes and surface types depending upon the embodiment. In one embodiment illustrated in
In the illustrated embodiment, the base 54 has a collar shape with a diameter larger than the diameter of the coupler engager 58. The coupler engager 58 is tubular in shape, has a threaded, outer surface 64 and a rearward end 66. The threaded outer surface 64 is configured to threadably mate with the threads of the coupler of a cable connector, such as connector 68 described below. In one embodiment illustrated in
Referring to
In one embodiment illustrated in
To achieve the cable configuration shown in
In another embodiment not shown, the cables of the networks 2 and 12 include one or more types of fiber optic cables. Each fiber optic cable includes a group of elongated light signal guides or flexible tubes. Each tube is configured to distribute a light-based or optical data signal to the networks 2 and 12.
In the embodiment illustrated in
In one embodiment, the clamp assembly 118 includes: (a) a supportive outer conductor engager 132 configured to be inserted into part of the outer conductor 106; and (b) a compressive outer conductor engager 134 configured to mate with the supportive outer conductor engager 132. During attachment of the connector 68 to the cable 88, the cable 88 is inserted into the central cavity of the connector 68. Next, a technician uses a hand-operated, or power, tool to hold the connector body 112 in place while axially pushing the compressor 124 in a forward direction F. For the purposes of establishing a frame of reference, the forward direction F is toward interface port 55 and the rearward direction R is away from the interface port 55.
The compressor 124 has an inner, tapered surface 136 defining a ramp and interlocks with the clamp driver 121. As the compressor 124 moves forward, the clamp driver 121 is urged forward which, in turn, pushes the compressive outer conductor engager 134 toward the supportive outer conductor engager 132. The engagers 132 and 134 sandwich the outer conductor end 120 positioned between the engagers 132 and 134. Also, as the compressor 124 moves forward, the tapered surface or ramp 136 applies an inward, radial force that compresses the engagers 132 and 134, establishing a lock onto the outer conductor end 120. Furthermore, the compressor 124 urges the driver 121 forward which, in turn, pushes the inner conductor engager 80 into the connector insulator 114.
The connector insulator 114 has an inner, tapered surface with a diameter less than the outer diameter of the mouth or grasp 138 of the inner conductor engager 80. When the driver 116 pushes the grasp 138 into the insulator 114, the diameter of the grasp 138 is decreased to apply a radial, inward force on the inner conductor 84 of the cable 88. As a consequence, a bite or lock is produced on the inner conductor 84.
After the cable connector 68 is attached to the cable 88, a technician or user can install the connector 68 onto an interface port, such as the interface port 52 illustrated in
These one or more grounding paths provide an outlet for electrical current resulting from magnetic radiation in the vicinity of the cable connector 88. For example, electrical equipment operating near the connector 68 can have electrical current resulting in magnetic fields, and the magnetic fields could interfere with the data signals flowing through the inner conductor 84. The grounded outer conductor 106 shields the inner conductor 84 from such potentially interfering magnetic fields. Also, the electrical current flowing through the inner conductor 84 can produce a magnetic field that can interfere with the proper function of electrical equipment near the cable 88. The grounded outer conductor 106 also shields such equipment from such potentially interfering magnetic fields.
The internal components of the connector 68 are compressed and interlocked in fixed positions under relatively high force. These interlocked, fixed positions reduce the likelihood of loose internal parts that can cause undesirable levels of passive intermodulation (“PIM”) which, in turn, can impair the performance of electronic devices operating on the networks 2 and 12. PIM can occur when signals at two or more frequencies mix with each other in a non-linear manner to produce spurious signals. The spurious signals can interfere with, or otherwise disrupt, the proper operation of the electronic devices operating on the networks 2 and 12. Also, PIM can cause interfering RF signals that can disrupt communication between the electronic devices operating on the networks 2 and 12.
In one embodiment where the cables of the networks 2 and 12 include fiber optic cables, such cables include fiber optic cable connectors. The fiber optic cable connectors operatively couple the optic tubes to each other. This enables the distribution of light-based signals between different cables and between different network devices.
In one embodiment, grounding devices are mounted to towers such as the tower 36 illustrated in
In one embodiment, a protective boot or cover, such as the cover 142 illustrated in
In one embodiment, the cable 88, connector 68 and interface ports 52, 53 and 55 have conductive components, such as the inner conductor 84, inner conductor engager 80, outer conductor 106, clamp assembly 118, connector body 112, coupler 128, ground 60 and the signal carrier 62. Such components are constructed of a conductive material suitable for electrical conductivity and, in the case of inner conductor 84 and inner conductor engager 80, data signal transmission. Depending upon the embodiment, such components can be constructed of a suitable metal or metal alloy including copper, but not limited to, copper-clad aluminum (“CCA”), copper-clad steel (“CCS”) or silver-coated copper-clad steel (“SCCCS”).
The flexible, compliant and deformable components, such as the jacket 104, environmental seals 122 and 130, and the cover 142 are, in one embodiment, constructed of a suitable, flexible material such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), synthetic rubber, natural rubber or a silicon-based material. In one embodiment, the jacket 104 and cover 142 have a lead-free formulation including black-colored PVC and a sunlight resistant additive or sunlight resistant chemical structure. In one embodiment, the jacket 104 and cover 142 weatherize the cable 88 and connection interfaces by providing additional weather protective and durability enhancement characteristics. These characteristics enable the weatherized cable 88 to withstand degradation factors caused by outdoor exposure to weather.
Similar to the manner previously described, the coaxial cable 188 is stripped in a stepped fashion at predefined locations along the elongate axis 198 of the cable 188. The inner conductor 190 projects beyond a first step S1 formed by the outer conductor 194 and the insulating dielectric core 192. Additionally, a second step S2 is produced by the outer jacket 196 which is stripped back from the outer conductor 194.
While a superflex cable 188 is depicted, it should be appreciated that the invention is applicable to any conductive outer connector. In the described embodiment, the superflex cable 188 defines a corrugated, or spiral-shaped, outer conductor which facilitates deformation in an axial direction, i.e., in response to an axial force imposed along the elongate axis 198 of the coaxial cable 188. Specifically, the corrugations or spiral-shape outer conductor 194 facilitate accordion deformation thereof in response to the imposed axial force.
In
The second end 312 of the port body 304 defines an outwardly projecting flange 324 and a mounting cavity 326. The outwardly projecting flange 324 facilitates mounting to an RF device or to a conductive panel 328. In the described embodiment, electrical continuity between the port 300 and electrical ground 330 is established by an electrical lead 332 soldered to the flange 324. Alternatively, the conductive panel 328 may be connected to electrical ground such that the contact interface between the flange 324 and the conductive panel 328 provides an electrical path to ground. The port mounting cavity 326 supports the inner conductor engager 308 by supporting and centering the Z-shaped centering member 306. Specifically, the Z-shaped centering member 306 seats within a cylindrical bore of the cavity 326 which, in turn defines an aperture 336 disposed within the inner conductor engager 308 for mounting the inner conductor 190 of the coaxial cable 188. In the described embodiment, electrical continuity between the inner conductor engager 308 and the RF device (not shown) is established by an electrical lead 340 soldered to the inner conductor engager 308.
Finally, the port body 304 comprises an exterior mounting surface 340 disposed between the first and second ends 310, 312 which facilitates mounting to the connector 200. The mounting surface 340 may be threaded to threadably engage the connector 200 and axially draw the coaxial cable 188 toward the port body 304 in response to rotation of the connector 200. Alternatively, the mounting surface 340 may include any interlocking surfaces, e.g., spring tabs or cam surfaces, operative to effect axial displacement of the coaxial cable 188 in response to rotation of the connector 200 about the elongate axis 198.
In
The sleeve 204 includes an aft end 230, a forward end 232, and a bore 238 extending between the aft and forward ends 230, 232. The bore 238 receives the prepared end PE of the coaxial cable 188 and is configured to engage an exterior surface 195 of the outer conductor 194 of a coaxial cable 188 such that a terminal end 194E of the outer conductor 194 extends beyond the abutment shoulder 236 by a threshold dimension D. More specifically, the sleeve 204 abuts the second step S2 defined by the stripped end of the outer jacket 196 and includes an inner surface 240, i.e., along the surface of the bore 238, having a contour which complements the corrugated spiral outer surface 195 of the outer conductor 194. As such, the complementary inner surface 240 couples the sleeve 204 to the outer conductor 194 such that rotational displacement of the sleeve 204 effects axial displacement of the outer conductor 194. That is, since the surface 195 of the outer conductor 194 has a spiral configuration, the surface 195 functions similarly to threads on a shaft wherein as the spiral inner surface 240 of the sleeve 204 engages the spiral surface 195 of the outer conductor 194, the rotational displacement of the inner surface 240 either effects: (i) axial displacement of the cable 188 or (ii) axial displacement of the sleeve 204 until the sleeve 204 abuts the second step S2 of the outer jacket 196.
The coupler 208 defines an aft end 244, a forward end 248 defining a coupler cavity 250, and a bore 254 extending between the aft end 244 and the coupler cavity 250. As described above, the aft end 244 of the coupler 208 is configured to rotationally and axially engage the forward end 232 of the sleeve 204 such that rotation of the coupler 208 effects relative axial displacement of the sleeve 204 and the coupler 208. While the described features include opposing flanges 224, 228 to facilitate rotation while enabling axial displacement, it will be appreciated that other structural configurations may be equally effective to perform this function. Accordingly, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments illustrated herein.
In the described embodiment, a C-shaped retention ring 212 is disposed in an annular groove 216 to retain the coupler 208 relative to the sleeve 204 during normal use and handling. That is, the retention ring 212 allows the coupler 208 to be positioned in a first location or axial position relative to the port body 304, i.e., by backing the coupler 208 against the retention ring 212, and drawing the coaxial cable 188 toward the port body 304 to a second position, i.e., by threadably engaging the threads 340 of the port body 304.
In
Referring to
Once imposed, the compressive force develops a biasing feature which is maintained even after rotation of the coupler 208 is discontinued. That is, the accordion configuration of the outer conductor 194 continues to impose an axial bias such that should the coupler 208 loosen, the axial bias maintains electrical contact, and a positive electrical ground between the outer conductor 194 and the interface port body 304. Consequently, the configuration defined herein has similar characteristics to connectors boasting constant biasing features wherein connectors maintain electrical continuity even when the connector has loosened.
In another embodiment depicted in
The connector 400 couples the prepared coaxial cable 188 to the hybrid interface port 500 and comprises: a conductive port body 504, an inner conductor engager 508 and a Z-shaped centering member 506 insulating the inner conductor engager 508 from the conductive port body 504. In the described embodiment, the port body 504 defines a first connector end 510 and a second grounding end 512. The first connector end 510 includes: (i) an outer annular ring 514, (ii) and inner annular ring 516, (iii) an annular compression surface 520 at the terminal end of the annular ring 516, and (iii) a central bore 522 extending from the first to the second connector ends 510, 512. The outer and inner annular rings 514, 516 project axially forward toward the coaxial cable 188 while the annular compression surface 520 is shaped in the form of a conical frustum or, alternatively, defines an arcuate, or concave shape. As will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, the shape of the annular surface 520 impacts the way the outer conductor 194 conforms to, or compliments, the annular compression surface 520 and the efficacy of the electrical connection made therebetween. Finally, the central bore 522 receives the insulating dielectric core 192 and the inner conductor 190 of the coaxial cable 188.
The second end 512 of the port body 504 defines an outwardly projecting flange 524 and an internal mounting cavity 526. The outwardly projecting flange 524 facilitates mounting to an RF device or to a conductive panel 528. In the described embodiment, electrical continuity between the port 500 and electrical ground 530 is established by an electrical lead 532 soldered to the flange 524. Alternatively, the conductive panel 528 may be connected to electrical ground 530 such that the contact interface between the flange 524 and the conductive panel 528 provides an electrical path to ground. The port mounting cavity 526 supports the inner conductor engager 508 by supporting and centering the Z-shaped centering member 506. Specifically, the Z-shaped centering member 506 seats within a cylindrical bore of the cavity 526 which, in turn defines an aperture 536 disposed within the inner conductor engager 508 for mounting the inner conductor 190 of the coaxial cable 188. In the described embodiment, electrical continuity between the inner conductor engager 508 and the RF device (not shown) is established by an electrical lead 540 soldered to the inner conductor engager 508.
Finally, the port body 504 comprises an exterior mounting surface 540 disposed between the first and connectors second ends 510, 512 which slidably mounts to an aft or inboard end 410 of the coupler 408. In this embodiment, the coupler 408 rotationally and telescopically mounts along the exterior mounting surface 540 and is retained by a conventional C-shaped retention ring 542 which is disposed within an annular groove 544.
In
The sleeve 404 includes an aft end 430, a forward end 432 defining an abutment shoulder 436, and a bore 438 extending between the aft and forward ends 430, 432. The bore 438 receives the prepared end PE of the coaxial cable 188 and is configured to engage an exterior surface 195 of the outer conductor 194 of a coaxial cable 188. Specifically, the exterior surface 195 of the outer conductor 194 extends beyond the abutment shoulder 436 such that a terminal end 194E of the outer conductor 194 extends beyond the abutment shoulder 236 by a threshold dimension D (
More specifically, the sleeve 404 abuts the second step S2 defined by the stripped end of the outer jacket 196 and includes an inner surface 442, i.e., along the surface of the bore 438, having a contour which engages the corrugated spiral outer surface 195 of the outer conductor 194. As such, the inner surface 442 couples the sleeve 404 to the outer conductor 194 such that axial displacement of the sleeve 404 effects axial displacement of the outer conductor 194.
In the described embodiment, the sleeve and coupler 404, 408 define a coupler interface 440 (
The coupler 408 defines an aft or inboard end 410, a forward or outboard end 448 defining an coupler cavity 450, and a bore 454 (
In
Additional embodiments include any one of the embodiments described above, where one or more of its components, functionalities or structures is interchanged with, replaced by or augmented by one or more of the components, functionalities or structures of a different embodiment described above.
It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.
Although several embodiments of the disclosure have been disclosed in the foregoing specification, it is understood by those skilled in the art that many modifications and other embodiments of the disclosure will come to mind to which the disclosure pertains, having the benefit of the teaching presented in the foregoing description and associated drawings. It is thus understood that the disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein above, and that many modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, although specific terms are employed herein, as well as in the claims which follow, they are used only in a generic and descriptive sense, and not for the purposes of limiting the present disclosure, nor the claims which follow.
This application is a non-provisional of, and claims the benefit and priority of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/356,203, filed on Jun. 29, 2016. The complete specification of such application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5984723 | Wild | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6293824 | Guerin | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 9385446 | Palinkas | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9941609 | Paynter | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 20050239327 | Cantz | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180006420 A1 | Jan 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62356203 | Jun 2016 | US |
