Patent Grant
7672298
This invention discloses an architecture for supporting increased bandwidth to customer premises equipment allowing for increased services including videophone, analog and digital voice traffic, facsimile, voice mail, Internet traffic, and automated home services relating to meter reading, security, and energy management.
As deregulation of the telephone industry continues and as companies prepare to enter the local telephone access, market, there is a need to offer new and innovative services that distinguish common carriers from their competitors. This cannot be accomplished without introducing new local access network architectures that will be able to support these new and innovative services.
Conventionally, customer premises telephone and/or data connections contain splitters for separating analog voice calls from other data services such as Ethernet transported over digital subscriber line (DSL) modems. Voice band data and voice signals are sent through a communications switch in a central or local office to an interexchange carrier or Internet service provider. DSL data is sent through a digital subscriber loop asynchronous mode (DSLAM) switch which may include a router. The DSLAM switch connects many lines and routes the digital data to a telephone company's digital broadband switch.
A major problem with this configuration is that as the interexchange carriers attempt to penetrate the local telephone company's territory, they must lease trunk lines from the local telephone company switch to the interexchange company's network for digital traffic. Furthermore, the Internet service provider must lease a modem from the local phone company in the DSLAM switch and route its data through the local phone company's digital broadband switch. Thus, the local phone company leases and/or provides a significant amount of equipment, driving up the cost of entry for any other company trying to provide local telephone services and making it difficult for the interexchange companies to differentiate their services. Furthermore, since DSL modem technology is not standardized, in order to ensure compatibility, the DSL modem provided by the local telephone company must also be provided to the end user in the customer premises equipment (CPE). Additionally, since the network is not completely controlled by the interexchange companies, it is difficult for the interexchange companies to provide data at committed delivery rates. Any performance improvements implemented by the interexchange companies may not be realized by their customers, because the capabilities of the local telephone company equipment may or may not meet their performance needs. Thus, it is difficult for the interexchange companies to convince potential customers to switch to their equipment or to use their services. These factors ensure the continued market presence of the local telephone company.
As part of this system, there is a need for improved architectures, services and equipment utilized to distinguish the interexchange companies' products and services. The existing copper twisted pair infrastructure limits the number of users on the twisted pair and the bandwidth transmitted. A method for expanding the number of simultaneous users and the bandwidth without replacing the existing twisted pair infrastructure is desired. In increasing the bandwidth and the number of simultaneous services transmitted over a single twisted pair will allow service providers an opportunity to expand and enhance services into consumers' homes and business operations while minimizing the incremental costs associated with initiating enhanced, new services.
In the process of providing enhanced, new services, it is desired for the service provider to offer fault tolerant, transparent interfaces for the user. Because of the need to keep costs minimized, flexibility for using existing hardware and software systems is important. Therefore, it is also desired that the fault tolerant services offered be flexible to interface across multiple lines of hardware and various versions of software.
In order to provide an improved network, it is desirable for the interexchange companies to have access to at least one of the twisted-pair lines or alternate wireless facility connecting each of the individual users to the local telephone network before the lines are routed through the conventional local telephone network equipment. It is preferable to have access to these lines prior to the splitter and modem technology offered by the local service providers. By having access to the twisted-pair wires entering the customer's premises, interexchange companies can differentiate their services by providing higher bandwidth, improving the capabilities of the customer premises equipment, and lowering overall system costs to the customer by providing competitive service alternatives.
The new architecture may utilize a video phone and/or other devices to provide new services to an end user; an intelligent services director (ISD) disposed near the customer's premises for multiplexing and coordinating many digital services onto a single twisted-pair line; a facilities management platform (FMP) disposed in the local telephone network's central office or DLC vault for routing data to an appropriate interexchange company network; and a network server platform (NSP) coupled to the FMP for providing new and innovative services to the customer and for distinguishing services provided by the interexchange companies from those services provided by the local telephone network.
The overall architecture of the system includes a hybrid optical fiber/twisted pair infrastructure functionally coupling the customer premises equipment to the facilities management platform by twisted pair operating xDSL technology. The utilization of xDSL technology increases the bandwidth to the customer premises equipment and allows for the offering of simultaneous services along the same twisted pair.
The facilities management platform is functionally coupled to a communication network and is supported by a network server platform. Typically, the facilities management platform is located at the local office, while the network server platform is located in a separate location due to space limitations, regulator considerations and/or costs at the local office. The architecture provides variable bandwidth channels, depending on the service requested by the subscriber, and may be dynamically adapted for providing requested services in both directions of transmission. Voice and data are intelligently multiplexed in order to maximize the available bandwidth of the twisted pair.
The facilities management platform supports both fiber and wire connections into the local telephone company's communication network, cable television network, Internet service provider's network or into a wireless communication's network.
The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention.
The following applications are hereby incorporated by reference:
The present application is listed as #1.
Referring to
The FMP 32 may process data and/or analog/digitized voice between customer premise equipment (CPE) 10 and any number of networks. For example, the FMP 32 may be interconnected with a synchronous optical network (SONET) 42 for interconnection to any number of additional networks such as an InterSpan backbone 48, the PSTN 46, a public switch switching network (e.g. call setup SS7-type network 44), and/or a network server platform (NSP) 36. Alternatively, the FMP 32 may be directly connected to any of these networks. One or more FMPs 32 may be connected directly to the high speed backbone network (e.g., direct fiber connection with the SONET network 42) or they may be linked via a trunk line (e.g., trunks 40 or 42) to one or more additional networks.
The NSP 36 may provide a massive cache storage for various information that may be provided across the SONET net 42 to the FMP 32 and out to the ISD 22. The NSP 36 and the FMP 32 may collectively define an access network server complex 38. The NSP 36 may be interconnected with multiple FMPs 32. Furthermore, each FMP 32 may interconnect with one or more ISDs 22. The NSP 36 may be located anywhere but is preferably located in a point-of-presence (POP) facility. The NSP 36 may further act as a gateway to, for example, any number of additional services.
The ISD 22 may be interconnected to various devices such as a videophone 130, other digital phones 18, set-top devices, computers, and/or other devices comprising the customer premise equipment 10. The customer premise equipment may individually or collectively serve as a local network computer at the customer site. Application applets may be downloaded from the NSP 36 into some or all of the individual devices within the customer premise equipment 10. Where applets are provided by the NSP 36, the programming of the applets may be updated such that the applets are continually configured to the latest software version by the interexchange carrier. In this way, the CPE 10 may be kept up to date by simply re-loading updated applets. In addition, certain applets may be resident on any of the CPE 10. These resident applets may be periodically reinitialized by simply sending a request from, for example, a digital phone 18 and/or a videophone 130 to the FMP 32 and thereafter to the NSP 36 for reinitialization and downloading of new applets. To ensure widespread availability of the new features made possible by the present architecture, the customer premise equipment may be provided to end users either at a subsidized cost or given away for free, with the cost of the equipment being amortized over the services sold to the user through the equipment.
Referring to
The ISD 22 may be located within the home/business or mounted exterior to the home/business. The ISD 22 may operate from electrical power supplied by the local or central office 34 and/or from the customer's power supplied by the customer's power company. Where the ISD 22 includes a modem, it may be desirable to power the ISD 22 with supplemental power from the home in order to provide sufficient power to enable the optimal operation of the modem.
As shown in
A lifeline 126 may be provided for continuous telephone service in the event of a power failure at the CPE 10. The lifeline 126 may be utilized to connect the ISD 22 to the local telecommunications company's central office 34 and, in particular, to the FMP 32 located in the central office 34.
The ISD may be variously configured to provide any number of suitable services. For example, the ISD 22 may offer high fidelity radio channels by allowing the user to select a particular channel and obtaining a digitized radio channel from a remote location and outputting the digital audio, for example, on audio interface 122, video phone 130, and/or digital phones 121. A digital telephone may be connected to the audio interface 122 such that a user may select any one of a number of digital audio service channels by simply having the user push a digital audio service channel button on the telephone and have the speaker phone output particular channels. The telephone may be preprogrammed to provide the digital audio channels at a particular time, such as a wake up call for bedroom mounted telephone, or elsewhere in the house. The user may select any number of services on the video phone and/or other user interface such as a cable set-top device. These services may include any number of suitable services such as weather, headlines in the news, stock quotes, neighborhood community services information, ticket information, restaurant information, service directories (e.g., yellow pages), call conferencing, billing systems, mailing systems, coupons, advertisements, maps, classes, Internet, pay-per-view (PPV), and/or other services using any suitable user interface such as the audio interface 122, the video phone/user interface 130, digital phones, 121 and/or another suitable device such as a set top device 131.
In further embodiments, the ISD 22 may be configured as an IP proxy server such that each of the devices connected to the server utilizes transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) protocol. This configuration allows any device associated with the ISD to access the Internet via an IP connection through the FMP 32. Where the ISD 22 is configured as an IP proxy server, it may accommodate additional devices that do not support the TCP/IP protocol. In this embodiment, the ISD 22 may have a proprietary or conventional interface connecting the ISD 22 to any associated device such as to the set top box 131, the personal computer 14, the videophone 130, the digital telephone 18, and/or some other end user device.
In still further embodiments, the ISD 22 may be compatible with multicast broadcast services where multicast information is broadcast by a central location and/or other server on one of the networks connected to the FMP 32, e.g., an ATM-switched network. The ISD 22 may download the multicast information via the FMP 32 to any of the devices connected to the ISD 22. The ISD 22 and/or CPE 10 devices may selectively filter the information in accordance with a specific customer user's preferences. For example, one user may select all country music broadcasts on a particular day while another user may select financial information. The ISD 22 and/or any of the CPE 10 devices may also be programmed to store information representing users' preferences and/or the received uni-cast or multicast information in memory or other storage media for later replay. Thus, for example, video clips or movies may be multicast to all customers in the community with certain users being preconfigured to select the desired video clip/movie in real time for immediate viewing and/or into storage for later viewing.
Referring to
When the videophone 130 is used as a videophone, the display 141 may include one or more video window(s) 160 for viewing a person to, whom a user is speaking and/or showing the picture seen by the person on the other end of the video phone. The display may also include a dialed-telephone-number window 161 for displaying the phone number dialed, a virtual keypad 162, virtual buttons 163 for performing various telephone functions, service directory icons 165, a mail icon 164, and/or various other service icons 166 which may be used, for example, for obtaining coupons or connecting with an operator. Any or all of these items may be displayed as virtual buttons and/or graphic icons and may be arranged in any combination. Additionally, any number of other display features may be shown on the video phone in accordance with one or more of the applications incorporated by reference below.
Referring to
In some embodiments, the FMP 32 may include an access module 70 and a digital loop carrier 87. The access module 70 may include a line protector 71, a cross-connector 73, a plurality of TVRC modems 80, a plurality of digital filters 82, a controller multiplexer 84, and/or a router and facilities interface 86. The digital loop carrier 87 may include a plurality of line cards 96, a time domain multiplexing (TDM) multiplexer (MUX) 88, a TDM bus 90, a controller 92, and/or a facilities interface 94.
During normal operations, digital signals on the customer connection 30 (e.g., twisted-pair lines) containing both voice and data may be received by the TVRC modems 80 via the line protector 71 and the cross-connector 73. Preferably, the line protector 71 includes lightning blocks for grounding power surges due to lightning or other stray voltage surges. The TVRC modems 80 may send the digital voice and/or data signals to the controller multiplexer 84 and the digital filters 82. The digital filters 82 may separate the voice signals from the digital data signals, and the controller multiplexer 84 may then multiplex the voice signals and/or data signals received from the digital filters 82. The controller multiplexer 84 may then send multiplexed voice signals to the TDM MUX 88 and the data signals to the router and facilities interface 86 for transmission to one or more external networks. The TDM MUX 88 may multiplex the voice signals from the controller multiplexer 84 and/or send the voice signals to the TDM bus 90, which may then send the digital voice signals to the controller 92 and then to the facilities interface 94 for transmission to one or more external networks. Both the router and facilities interface 86 and the facilities interface 94 may convert between electrical signals and optical signals when a fiber optic link is utilized.
When there is a failure of the digital data link (e.g., if there is a failure of the TVRC modems 80 at the FMP 32 or the TVRC modem 114 at the ISD 22), only analog voice signals might be sent over the subscriber lines 30. In such a case, the analog voice signals may be directly routed to the line cards 96, bypassing the TVRC modems 80, the digital filters 82, the controller multiplexer 84, and the TDM MUX 88. Thus, voice communication is ensured despite a failure of the digital data link. The line cards 96 may convert the analog voice signals into digital format (e.g., TDM format) and send the digitized voice data onto the TDM bus 90 and eventually through the controller 92 and the facilities interface 94 for transmission to one or more external networks.
Referring to
For high end residential consumers who want more convenience and simplicity in their daily lives and access to the information highway, the videophone is an information and telephony access service that provides a voice and touch screen customer interface to an local exchange carrier (LEC) enabling easy delivery of a wide range of telephony services with cost savings due to automated operator services, customer care, and marketing. New, enhanced services include opportunities such as interactive electronic catalog shopping from the home, advertising, and the ability to offer instant (always on), high speed Internet access to every household, penetrating those markets that currently lack in home personal computers. Additional services include, high fidelity voice and touch screen customer interface for users to a access the network server. This is accomplished via asymmetric high speed data transport. With the higher data transfer rates, 3rd party bill payment, banking, smart card ATM transactions, electronic delivery of consumer product coupons, interactive video teleconferencing, state-of-the-art networking for work-at-home environments, private line services electronic shopping from the home, electronic coupons, advertising, and to high speed Internet access.
Implementation of this new architecture allows for differentiation of local service, will provide new revenue streams from value-added services, and have the potential to significantly reduce operational costs. The architecture is constructed such that additional performance benefits from the existing loop plant are extracted and maximizes use of the existing infrastructure and current systems.
The new architecture implements active services where the user triggers a stimulus by touch, voice or a combination of touch and voice commands to obtain a network based response to expand traditional services as well as provide entirely new services. These responses and the associated services include call connection, information delivery, trigger network response, and performance transactions.
Call connection services provide for calls to be initiated by touching icons corresponding to the called party. It also enables self scheduling of conference calls without the need for an operator as well as initiation of interactive calls with white board augmentation. Class services can likewise be invoked via icons and prompts in a natural manner without requiring memorization of numerical codes.
Information delivery services provide for a simple user interface that enables data base and search engine technology (formerly accessible only to networked computers) to be leveraged for telephony services. For example, access to regional, national or international electronic interaction with yellow and white page directories, navigation and access for voice, e-mail, and fax messages, review of AT&T, bill for services, review of AT&T calling plans, review of CLASS and other service offerings. Thus certain marketing, operator services, billing, and customer care functions can be accessed by the customer without the need for an intermediate service representative—reducing operations cost while increasing customer convenience. The video phone eliminates the need for an intermediary to call up information on a screen and read it to the customer and streamlines customer access to information.
In response to a trigger, the network provides a screen interface that enables the customer to obtain operator services without accessing a human operator, obtain credit for wrong numbers automatically, view rate tables, self provision an AT&T Calling Plan or other CLASS services, conduct conference calls, or define a user profile for pointcast on a “ticker tape” that scrolls desired information on the videophone screen. Other trigger services could include a wake up service that automatically calls the user at a preselected time.
Performance transactions allows users via the videophone and its associated card swiper to enable users to perform transactions with security protection. These transactions include paying regular bills with paperless transactions, perform electronic banking including obtaining smart card cash in the home without the need to visit a bank or an ATM machine, conduct E-commerce, purchase products advertised on television via a synchronized ordering screen. The electronic bill payment scheme not only benefits the user but allows the service provider to obtain additional revenue by allowing those companies to out source bill payments to AT&T.
Passive services can also be offered so that active customer responses are not required. These include advertising, providing electronic coupons, personalized news delivery services, and access to community news such as school closings. Providing an advertising feed directly to the customer premises equipment provides a new and potentially very large business opportunity to the local access network provider. Advertising can be displayed on the video phone, whenever the videophone is not in active use. User profiles maintained on the network would enable the advertisements to target customer interests, geographic location, demographics, or some other criteria.
Providing electronic coupons is another passive service opportunity. The electronic coupon can be displayed on the touch screen at appropriate times throughout the day (e.g., orange juice in the early morning) as “screen savers.” By swiping their smart card customers can electronically collect such coupons and use them at the store without the inconvenience of cutting them out of newspapers, etc. At the same time AT&T participates in the coupon industry and has access to another revenue stream.
Delivery of personalized news leverages diverse content assists in the creation of user profiles. In addition, emergency broadcasts relating to flash flood warnings, tornado, and hurricanes, can be broadcast to users in the affected areas without affecting the user's other transactions that are occurring simultaneously. These emergency signals could also be sent with alarms for waking up and alerting users to potential natural disasters.
The offering of interactive services include the combination of a graphics capable touch screen videophone, simultaneous voice and data capability, and a high speed data line to furnish a superior user interface than a traditional voice telephone and so enables a rich collection of new interactive services. These include multimedia enhanced voice calls, virtual PBX services, point and click conferencing, intelligent call management, access to the Internet, and a universal multimedia mailbox.
The multimedia enhances voice calls allows users to supplement voice calls with whiteboard graphics or text. The multimedia format can provide improved customer care, enhanced catalog ordering, and interactive voice and data response applications. In addition, information-on-demand and support for work-at-home access is also provided.
The virtual PBX services include screen pops for message/call alerting, and graphical call management using touch interface with call setup/bridging capabilities. Point-and-click conferencing provides a graphical user interface to initiate POTS calls. The intelligent call management system provides easy instructions to direct call management maintaining a personal registry, mobility manager, call scheduling and “call me back” services, and a personal assistant.
Access to the Internet without a personal computer or modem via Internet Service Provider (e.g., WorldNet) can be provided allowing users without access to a personal computer to have access to e-mail, the World Wide Web, a universal multimedia mailbox with voice, text, audio, and images integrated with a common interface capabilities.
The flexibility of the new architecture allows for implementation of services in phases to minimize impact on the local infrastructure and to allow the service provider to handle and support problems with implementation of services. As installation procedures become routine, additional services can be phased in based on customer demand. Early phases can be target marketed to specific demographics or to regional implementation.
For example, the initial implementation can be tailored to customers who already have two or more twisted pair connects with the local office. The videophone can contain Win32 application programmable interfaces (APIs) supporting TCP/IP, POP3, RAS, and TAPI protocols with a built in browser. One of the twisted pair will access the AT&T server via a modem (28.8 or possibly 56 kbps). The second twisted pair is used for switched telephony and managed via a graphical user interface. An AT&T server at a WorldNet services center could provide access to white and yellow page directory information, calling plan descriptions, and rate tables. Other interfaces could provide access to the WorldNet Internet services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, advertising, and E-commerce platforms
A requirement of the touch screen services is availability of a data link to the server. In later phases of implementation, a DSL link to the home is provided with an access protocol that supports simultaneous voice and data services. In the initial phase, the simultaneous voice and data capability is approximated by having the data line automatically call the WorldNet POP when a built-in motion detector is triggered by someone nearby. During these periods of local presence, the AT&T server will put up advertising and personal information on the screen and be available to support touch activated services (e.g., calling, CLASS services), and directory information delivery. All of the line signaling for voice calls to the LEC switch (e.g., DTMF, flash hooks, etc.) for class services and dialing can be generated by the video phone processing engine in response to touch screen commands with support from the second twisted pair for client/server connection as needed.
Later phases of implementation can include the introduction of advanced xDSL access to the customer equipment premises expanding the range of videophone services These xDSL services will support 7 kHz high fidelity voice and a touch screen customer interface to the network server. This will provide easier delivery of a wider range of telephony services with cost savings due to automated operator services, customer care, billing, provisioning, and marketing. The enhanced services such as 3rd party bill payment, banking, smart card ATM transactions, electronic shopping from the home, electronic coupons, and advertising can be implemented with the xDSL connection. In addition, high speed Internet access is possible as well as extending Internet capabilities to users who lack personal computers. Voice calls can be made with a packet-to circuit translator (PCT) for interfacing voice telephony with the local office using the TR-303 signaling simulating modified digital subscriber loop access to the local office.
The connection manager 214 initiates and terminates the placement of telephone calls, while managing the services and messaging. In a typical scenario, the connection manager 214 automates the calling process. This automation involves the executing of computer commands to search records in the database server 218 to ensure that the customer is a subscriber to the desired service or that the called number is a subscriber to the desired service. In addition, the connection manager 214 uses the operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning 216 to track billing information. After the connection manager 214 obtains the required authorization, it launches the application 212 from the application server 220.
The OAM&P server 182 contains OAM&P management information 216 consisting of data relating to configuration, capacity, fault, order, traffic activity, design, security, surveillance and testing of the network. The information/database sever 183 contains specific customer information such as user profiles, authorization levels of service, provisioning and electronic commerce. The application server clusters 184 manage and track information regarding computer boot operations and initializations, call management, fault recognition and recovery (FR&R), application binding, maintenance and design, application invoicing, craft interface enhancement, application downloads, translations (Xltn), recent change and verify (RC/V), authorizations and registrations, configurations and performance statistics (Pertf Stat).
The OSS interface applications 328 are supported by the distributed services access protocol 329. The distributed services access protocol 329 is supported by the session layer distributed object services 330, the transport layer process services 332 and the network layer message manipulation and transport 334. These protocols also use a fault tolerant Unix language to make the transition between interfaces transparent.
In addition to the devices disclosed in
Included in
The services offered to consumers with this architecture include high speed Internet access, 7 kHz telephone voice quality service, graphical user interfaces for ease in accessing automated services, provisioning and billing. Capabilities for 7 kHz bandwidth voice calls allows for 64 kbps transmission rates with a bit error rate less than 10−6 and a delay of less than 150 millisecond. For telecommuters, in addition to the consumer services, the architecture supports high speed corporate local area network (LAN) Intranet access. For business customers, the architecture supports secure electronic commerce and personalized delivery of advertising to consumers with the capacity to tailor the advertising campaign to the consumer's profile.
The architecture supports the following connectivity services: high speed Internet access, CD quality voice transmission, asymmetrical and symmetrical high speed data transmission rates, two-way 384 kbps video transmission, video conferencing, wireless voice mobility within the home and possibly within the neighborhood, conversion of cellular traffic to traditional land line service within range of the ISD, wireless data mobility within close proximity to the ISD. The architecture support the following information call management services: custom local area signaling services (CLASS), call alerting and redirection, electronic commerce via access to the Internet and the use of smart cards or credit cards, multiple voice connections, telephony management, secure personalized Intranet (voice and data), access to community online information services, personalized and multiple personalized Intranet, access to interactive multimedia, and movies on demand.
Online management is also possible implementing user activated service provisioning, electronic initiated service inquiries, electronic billing and bill payment schemes, voice activated command execution, “follow-me” service profiles, and virtual home location profiles. User interface capability includes unique digital signatures, touch screen and dialing pad access to services, integrated personal computer access, smart card reading and recharging capabilities, voice dialing, compatibility with cellular phones (for example, IS54, IS95, GSM or other cellular phones), compatibility with personal digital assistants, network computers and personal computers via RF modems.
While exemplary systems and methods embodying the present invention are shown by way of example, it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. Modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. For example, each of the elements of the aforementioned embodiments may be utilized alone or in combination with elements of the other embodiments.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/068,605, filed on Feb. 28, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,466,695 and entitled “Hybrid Fiber Twisted Pair Local Loop Network Service Architecture,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/005,153, filed Dec. 7, 2001, which issued on Apr. 26, 2005 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,885,662, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/001,360, filed Dec. 31, 1997, and entitled “Hybrid Fiber Twisted Pair Local Loop Network Service Architecture,” which issued on Mar. 19, 2002 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,881. This application is related to application Ser. No. 12/228,341, filed on Aug. 12, 2008,
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| 5991311 | Long et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6314102 | Czerwiec et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 20020089958 | Feder et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090080884 A1 | Mar 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11068605 | Feb 2005 | US |
| Child | 12315349 | US | |
| Parent | 10005153 | Dec 2001 | US |
| Child | 11068605 | US | |
| Parent | 09001360 | Dec 1997 | US |
| Child | 10005153 | US |
