Patent Application
20220300821
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods in Artificial Intelligence utilizing visualized information, and more particularly, to automated machine learning using visualized information.
Interest in automated machine learning is growing in popularity as a way to increase the accuracy of predictive models and shorten the time to search for such models. The expertise and workflow of an expert, such as a data scientist, is mimicked to provide insights about the choice of models and feature generation. Pipelines are used to enable data sequences for transformation arid correlation in a model for testing and evaluation. Most automated systems use exhaustive searching (also referred to as “brute force”) to search data for predictive models.
According to one embodiment, a computer-implemented method of automatically generating a machine learning model includes identifying one or more visualization features of a dataset associated with a machine learning model selection process. A plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines are configured for performing respective optimizing strategies in parallel based on the identified visualization features. A machine learning model is automatically generated based on at least one of the generated candidate machine learning pipelines.
According to an embodiment, a priority score is generated for each of the generated plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines and the automatic generation of the machine learning model is based on a candidate machine learning pipeline having the highest priority score.
According to an embodiment, a list of at least some of the generated plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines is output with a prompt for a selection of at least one of the candidate machine learning pipelines. The automatic generation of the machine learning model is based on a received selection of one of the candidate machine learning pipelines.
According to an embodiment, the dataset is analyzed to identify the one or more visualization features, and there is a prompting for a selection of the identified one or more visualization features to generate the plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines.
According to an embodiment, an ensemble of machine learning pipeline operations is generated from at least two candidate machine learning pipelines from the generated plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines.
According to an embodiment, a final predicted search result of the automatically generated machine learning model is output with an explanation.
According to an embodiment, a first pipeline of the at least two candidate machine learning pipelines is a Bayesian Optimized based model learning pipeline and a second pipeline is an evolutionary neural architecture search (NAS) pipeline.
According to an embodiment, the first pipeline performs a hyperparameter tuning operation, a feature extraction operation, a feature transformation operation, and a feature selection operation.
According to an embodiment, the second pipeline performs a hyperparameter optimization of neural network candidates and an evolution of a neural network architecture.
According to an embodiment, a third candidate machine learning pipeline is generated that is a neural network meta-learning pipeline.
According to an embodiment, a ranking of the plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines is performed based on one or more predetermined criteria.
According to an embodiment, there is a prompt for selection of the identified one or more visualization features of the dataset, and the plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines are generated based on the selection.
According to an embodiment, there is a prompt for selection of at least one of the generated plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines, and the machine learning model is generated based on the selection.
According to one embodiment, a computing device for generating learning models includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory stores instructions to cause the processor to perform acts including identifying one or more visualization features of a dataset associated with a machine learning model selection process. A plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines are generated that are configured for performing respective optimizing strategies in parallel based on the identified visualization features. A priority score is generated for each of the generated plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines, and a machine learning model is automatically generated based on at least one of the generated candidate machine learning pipelines.
According to an embodiment, the computing device includes a communication interface coupled to the processor. The communication interface is configured to send and receive prompts for selection of pipeline candidates based on the identified visualization features
According to one embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium tangibly embodying a computer readable program code having computer readable instructions that, when executed, causes a computer device to carry out a method of automatically generating a machine learning model. The method includes receiving a dataset of model candidates, and identifying one or more visualization features associated with a machine learning model selection process. There is a prompting for a selection of at least some of the identified visualization features. At least two candidate machine learning pipelines are generated and configured for performing respective optimizing strategies in parallel based on a received selection of visualization features. An automatically generated machine learning model is output based on the at least two candidate machine learning pipelines.
These and other features will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The drawings are of illustrative embodiments. They do not illustrate all embodiments. Other embodiments may be used in addition to or instead. Details that may be apparent or unnecessary may be omitted to save space or for more effective illustration. Some embodiments may be practiced with additional components or steps and/or without all the components or steps that are illustrated. When the same numeral appears in different drawings, it refers to the same or like components or steps.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be understood that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.
The term “neural architecture search” (NAS) as used herein generally refers to a technique for automating the design of neural networks (NN). An “evolutionary NAS” as used herein generally refers to a changing of weights and hyperparameters as the search is being refined.
The term “hyperparameter optimization” as used herein generally refers to a selection of a set of hyperparameters for a machine learning algorithm. The hyperparameters are tuned to achieve a maximum performance on data within a certain amount of time.
The term “feature engineering” (FE) as used herein generally refers to preparing an input data set that is a best fit with a machine learning algorithm. FE enhances the performance of machine learning models and accelerates the time it takes to extract variables from data. FE is related to feature transformation, which includes the performing of scaling, converting, or modifying features.
The term “data visualization” as used herein generally refers to ascertaining how the data looks and what kind of correlation is held by the attributes of data. There can be techniques used including but not limited to multivariate plots that can determine an attribute distribution.
Automated machine learning (ML) systems that search for predictive models use large amounts of processing and rely on a pre-defined general framework to generate a large number of features. There are various distinct model search strategies including Bayesian Optimization, Reinforcement Learning, Evolutionary Techniques, Random Search, etc.
According to the present disclosure, a hybrid architecture is provided that accelerates and improves the model search result by searching two pipelines using multiple optimizing strategies in parallel. For example, a Bayesian Optimization for classic machine learning models is performed by one pipeline, and a reinforcement learning operation searching neural network models is performed by another pipeline. The applicability and performance of the search depends on the underlying search space. Hybrid optimization strategies may include an arrangement of a conventional model pipeline composition with another pipeline having neural network-based architectures.
The computer-implemented method and computing device of the present disclosure provides a number of improvements in the field of generating machine learning models and improving the accuracy and time expenditures in the fabrication of machine learning models through an improved model search result.
The computer-implemented method and computing device of the present disclosure also improves the efficiency of computer operations by reducing unnecessary computer processing due at least because of more accurate model selection, parameter optimizations, model validations, and deployment. A reduction in processing overhead and storage can be realized, with a reduction in power consumed.
Additional advantages of the computer-implemented method and device of the present disclosure are disclosed herein.
An ensemble function 265 is configured to group at least some of the pipeline operations for an enhanced operation in terms of accuracy. A user interface may be configured to communicate with another device, such as a server, storage, or a user device. For example, the user interface 267 may be used for communication with monitor and control operations 275. A user input device 280 may also be used to control the settings of the operations to automatically generate a machine learning model. In this illustrative embodiment, one of the two models 285 is an example model pipeline generated from 250 BO-based model selection method, and the other model 287 is another example pipeline result coming out of 255 NAS both in a final form. The pipelines 285, 287 are provided in an output as a final prediction 290 with an explanation.
With the foregoing overview of the example architecture, it may be helpful now to consider a high-level discussion of example processes. To that end, in conjunction with
At operation 605, one or more visualization features of a dataset associated with a machine learning model selection process are identified. The dataset can include model candidates from a traditional model pipeline source, such as a support-vector machine (SVM) algorithm, a gradient boost machine (XGBM) (e.g., to produce a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models), and logistics (see
At operation 615, a plurality of candidate machine learning pipelines are generated. The pipelines are configured to perform respective optimizing strategies in parallel based on the identified visualization features. The generation of a plurality of machine learning pipelines is used for the hybrid architecture to search multiple pipelines in parallel.
At operation 625, a machine learning model is automatically generated based on at least one of the generated candidate machine learning pipelines. The multiple pipeline generation, such as described in operation 615, permits a more accurate and faster generation of the machine learning model.
At operation 705, a dataset of model candidates is received. The model candidates may be the same as discussed in
At operation 725, a selection is received of at least some of the visualization features that were output. At operation 735, at least two candidate machine learning pipelines configured for performing respective optimizing strategies in parallel are generated based on the received selection of visualization features.
At operation 745, an automatically generated machine learning model based on the at least two candidate machine learning pipelines is output. The machine learning model is generated with a more accurate predictive capability in a shorter amount of time due to the hybrid architecture of multiple candidate pipelines for searching.
The computer platform 800 may include a central processing unit (CPU) 804, a hard disk drive (HDD) 806, random access memory (RAM) and/or read-only memory (ROM) 808, a keyboard 810, a mouse 812, a display 814, and a communication interface 816, which are connected to a system bus 802. The HDD 806 can include data stores.
In one embodiment, the HDD 806 has capabilities that include storing a program that can execute various processes, such as machine learning, predictive modeling, classification, updating model parameters. The ML model generation module 840 is configured to generate a machine learning model based on at least one of the generated candidate machine learning pipelines. While the modules 842 through 858 are shown as individual modules for illustrative purposes, multiple functionalities may be combined into fewer modules than shown.
A visualization module 842 is configured to perform data visualization to ascertaining what kind of correlation is held by the attributes of data and construct one or more data plots. The pipeline generation module 844 is configured to generate multiple pipelines in a hybrid architecture. For example, a Bayesian Optimized (BO) pipeline and an Evolutionary NAS pipeline. Other pipelines such as a meta-learning pipeline may also be generated. The Feature extraction and feature transformation module 846 is configured to reduce a number of features used to describe a data set, and to change features into a form suitable for input to a machine learning algorithm. The ranking/scoring module 848 is configured to generate a priority score if the various candidate pipelines are generated. Such pipelines may be ranked such as shown in
With continued reference to
As discussed above, functions relating to the low bandwidth transmission of high definition video data may include a cloud. It is to be understood that although this disclosure includes a detailed description of cloud computing as discussed herein below, implementation of the teachings recited herein is not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present disclosure are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed.
Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models.
On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service's provider.
Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).
Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).
Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.
Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.
Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.
Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).
A cloud computing environment is service-oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure that includes a network of interconnected nodes.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Hardware and software layer 1060 include hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 1061; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture-based servers 1062; servers 1063; blade servers 1064; storage devices 1065; and networks and networking components 1066. In some embodiments, software components include network application server software 1067 and database software 1068.
Virtualization layer 1070 provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers 1071; virtual storage 1072; virtual networks 1073, including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems 1074; and virtual clients 1075.
In one example, management layer 1080 may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning 1081 provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 1082 provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may include application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal 1083 provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management 1084 provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment 1085 provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA.
Workloads layer 1090 provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation 1091; software development and lifecycle management 1092; virtual classroom education delivery 1093; data analytics processing 1094; transaction processing 1095; and an ML model generation module 1096 configured to perform automatically generation an ML using a hybrid pipeline architecture, as discussed herein above.
The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present teachings have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best state and/or other examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that the teachings may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all applications, modifications, and variations that fall within the true scope of the present teachings.
The components, steps, features, objects, benefits, and advantages that have been discussed herein are merely illustrative. None of them, nor the discussions relating to them, are intended to limit the scope of protection. While various advantages have been discussed herein, it will be understood that not all embodiments necessarily include all advantages. Unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. They are intended to have a reasonable range that is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain.
Numerous other embodiments are also contemplated. These include embodiments that have fewer, additional, and/or different components, steps, features, objects, benefits and advantages. These also include embodiments in which the components and/or steps are arranged and/or ordered differently.
The flowchart, and diagrams in the figures herein illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
While the foregoing has been described in conjunction with exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the term “exemplary” is merely meant as an example, rather than the best or optimal. Except as stated immediately above, nothing that has been stated or illustrated is intended or should be interpreted to cause a dedication of any component, step, feature, object, benefit, advantage, or equivalent to the public, regardless of whether it is or is not recited in the claims.
It will be understood that the terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions with respect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and study except where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein. Relational terms such as first and second and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “a” or “an” does not, without further constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in various embodiments for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments have more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, the inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter.
