Claims
- 1. A method of making dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and derivatives and analogs thereof, comprising the step of: polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, with at least one of mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, or bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof, to produce dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, or a derivative or analog thereof.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, is synthesized by the reaction of 1,4-dibromobenzene or a derivative or analog thereof, and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) or a derivative or analog thereof, under Barbier Grignard conditions.
- 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, is performed using 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, in a ratio selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 90% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 10% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof; (b) 80% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 20% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof; (c) 60% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 40% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof; (d) 40% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 60% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof; or (e) 20% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 80% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof.
- 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof, is performed using 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof in a ratio selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 80% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 20% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof; (b) 60% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 40% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof; (c) 40% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 60% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof; (d) 20% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 80% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof; or (e) 0% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof: 100% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof.
- 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof, is synthesized by oxidative coupling of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, in the presence of an oxidizing reagent.
- 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidizing reagent comprises bromine.
- 7. The method of claim 1, wherein bromine is utilized as an indicator.
- 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidative coupling is performed in a solvent, and wherein the solvent comprises one or more of di-isopropylethylamine, ethanol, or tetrahydrofuran.
- 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof, is synthesized by oxidative coupling of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, with sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2).
- 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the oxidative coupling is performed in a solvent, and wherein the solvent comprises one or more of Et3N, ethanol, or tetrahydrofuran.
- 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, with at least one of mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, or bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof, is conducted under acid or base catalyzed conditions, and wherein the dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes or derivatives or analogs thereof, comprise a sol-gel.
- 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the acid is hydrogen chloride (HCl).
- 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of a solvent.
- 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the solvent comprises one or more of water or ethanol.
- 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of:
(a) soaking the gel in water; (b) filtering the gel to remove water; and (c) air-drying the gel.
- 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of:
(a) grinding the gel to produce a fine white powder; and (b) drying the fine white powder under vacuum.
- 18. Dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes.
- 19. Dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and derivatives and analogs thereof.
- 20. A compound of formula
- 21. The compound of claim 20, wherein the halides comprise flourine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
- 22. The compound of claim 20, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 23. The compound of claim 20, wherein the ethers are of the general formula —O—R5 wherein R5 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 24. The compound of claim 23, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 25. The compound of claim 20, wherein the amines are of the general formula —N(—R6)—R7, wherein R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 26. The compound of claim 25,wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 27. A compound of formula
- 28. The compound of claim 27, wherein the halides comprise flourine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
- 29. The compound of claim 27,wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 30. The compound of claim 27, wherein the ethers are of the general formula —O—R14 wherein R14 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 31. The compound of claim 30,wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 32. The compound of claim 27, wherein the amines are of the general formula —N(—R15)—R16, wherein R15 and R16 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 33. The compound of claim 32,wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 34. A compound of formula
- 35. The compound of claim 34, wherein the halides comprise flourine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
- 36. The compound of claim 34,wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 37. The compound of claim 34, wherein the ethers are of the general formula —O—R29 wherein R29 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 38. The compound of claim 37,wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 39. The compound of claim 34, wherein the amines are of the general formula —N(—R30)—R31, wherein R30 and R31 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 40. The compound of claim 39,wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 41. A compound of 1,4-bistriethoxysilylbenzene and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide of formula
- 42. The compound of claim 41, wherein the halides comprise flourine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
- 43. The compound of claim 41, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 44. The compound of claim 41, wherein the ethers are of the general formula —O—R48 wherein R48 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 45. The compound of claim 44, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 46. The compound of claim 41, wherein the amines are of the general formula —N(—R49)—R50, wherein R49 and R50 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 47. The compound of claim 46, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 48. The compound of claim 41, wherein the bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide monomer comprises greater than 20% of the compound.
- 49. The compound of claim 41, wherein the bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide monomer comprises greater than 40% of the compound.
- 50. The compound of claim 41, wherein the bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide monomer comprises greater than 50% of the compound.
- 51. The compound of claim 41, wherein the bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide monomer comprises greater than 60% of the compound.
- 52. The compound of claim 41, wherein the bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide monomer comprises greater than 70% of the compound.
- 53. A compound of 1,4-bistriethoxysilylbenzene and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane of formula
- 54. The compound of claim 53, wherein the halides comprise flourine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
- 55. The compound of claim 53, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 56. The compound of claim 53, wherein the ethers are of the general formula —O—R61, wherein R61 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 57. The compound of claim 56, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridly, furan, and thiophene.
- 58. The compound of claim 53, wherein the amines are of the general formula —N(—R62)—R63, wherein R62 and R63 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 59. The compound of claim 58, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 60. The compound of claim 53, wherein the mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane monomer comprises greater than 20% of the compound.
- 61. The compound of claim 53, wherein the mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane monomer comprises greater than 40% of the compound.
- 62. The compound of claim 53, wherein the mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane monomer comprises greater than 50% of the compound.
- 63. The compound of claim 53, wherein the mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane monomer comprises greater than 60% of the compound.
- 64. The compound of claim 53, wherein the mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane monomer comprises greater than 70% of the compound.
- 65. A method of removing contaminants from a fluid, comprising the steps of:
providing a housing having an inlet port that communicates with a chamber and an outlet port that communicates with the chamber, the chamber containing an adsorbent material comprising a dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, or derivative or analog thereof; passing the fluid having contaminants through the inlet port and the adsorbent material contained in the chamber; and passing the fluid through the outlet port, wherein at least a portion of the contaminants are retained by the adsorbent material.
- 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the fluid is a gas.
- 67. The method of claim 65, wherein the fluid is a liquid.
- 68. The method of claim 65, wherein the dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes has the formula
- 69. The compound of claim 68, wherein the halides comprise flourine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
- 70. The compound of claim 68, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 71. The compound of claim 68, wherein the ethers are of the general formula —O—R80 wherein R80 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 72. The compound of claim 71, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 73. The compound of claim 68, wherein the amines are of the general formula —N(—R81)—R82, wherein R81 and R82 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkyl, C1-Cn straight or branched chain alkenyl, wherein n is greater than one; aryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, and a heterocycle.
- 74. The compound of claim 73, wherein the heterocycle is selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, furan, and thiophene.
- 75. A method for precipitating (removing) contaminants from an aqueous solution comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous solution containing contaminants; (b) providing a closed reservoir having an inlet and an outlet; (c) introducing the aqueous solution into the reservoir; (d) injecting a fine white powder into the aqueous solution, wherein the powder comprises dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes; (e) entraining the dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes into the aqueous solution; (f) passing the aqueous solution and the dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes to a mixer, wherein the mixer contacts the dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes with the aqueous solution to produce a solution—dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes mixture; (g) selectively inducing a pressure discontinuity extraneous of the reservoir to flocculate contaminants into a separate phase from the aqueous solution; (h) filtering out the dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes containing the contaminants.
- 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the contaminant comprises an alkali metal compound, an alkali earth metal compound, a transition metal compound, a group III-VIII compound, a lanthanide compound, or an actinide compound.
- 77. The method of claim 75, wherein the contaminant comprises a copper compound, a chromium compound, a mercury compound, a lead compound, a zinc compound, or an arsenic compound.
- 78. The method of claim 75, wherein the method of making dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes comprises the step of: polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, with at least one of mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, or bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof, to produce dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, or a derivative or analog thereof.
- 79. The method of making dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and derivatives and analogs thereof of claim 75, wherein the step of polymerzing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, and derivatives and analogs thereof, and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and derivatives and analogs thereof, is performed using 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, and derivatives and analogs thereof, and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives or analogs thereof, in a ratio selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 90% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 10% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (b) 80% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 20% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (c) 60% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 40% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (d) 40% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 60% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof; or (e) 20% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 80% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof.
- 80. The method of making dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and derivatives and analogs thereof of claim 75, wherein the step of polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof, and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, derivatives and analogs thereof, is performed using 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof, and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof in a ratio selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 80% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 20% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or derivatives and analogs thereof; (b) 60% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 40% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (c) 40% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 60% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (d) 20% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 80% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof; or (e) 0% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 100% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof.
- 81. A method of removing particulate material and organic compounds from a polluted air stream, comprising the steps of:
(a) collecting from an air stream, by filtration, and adsorption, particulate material and organic compounds, thus forming an essentially pollutant-free effluent, (b) burning the collected particulate material and simultaneously desorbing the collected organic compounds, thus forming a concentrated stream comprising combustion products of particulate material and desorbed organic compounds, (c) oxidizing the desorbed organic compounds of the concentrated stream to form an essentially pollution-free oxidized stream comprising both particulate material combustion products and organic compound combustion products, and (d) exhausting, separately, the essentially pollutant-free effluent of step (a) and the essentially pollutant-free oxidized stream of step (c).
- 82. The method of claim 81, taking place in an apparatus comprising:
(a) a housing having an inlet for introduction of a polluted air stream; (b) a filtering and adsorption station located within the housing, and having connecting means therefrom to an outlet for exhausting the resultant pollutant-free air stream; (c) a combustion and desorption station for combustion of particulate matter and desorption of organic compounds; (d) oxidizing means for converting the desorbed vapors into oxidized pollutant-free products; (e) connecting means for providing passage for the resultant combustion products and desorbed vapors from the combustion and desorbing station to the oxidizing means; and (f) connecting means for providing passage for the combustion and oxidized products from the oxidizing means to the atmosphere, or alternatively, back to the inlet.
- 83. The method of claim 81, wherein the adsorption further comprises the step of passing the air stream across an adsorbent material comprising a dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, or derivative or analog thereof.
- 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the method of making dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes comprises the step of: polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene or a derivative or analog thereof, with at least one of mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or a derivative or analog thereof, or bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or a derivative or analog thereof, to produce dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, or a derivative or analog thereof.
- 85. The method of making dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and derivatives and analogs thereof of claim 84, wherein the step of polymerzing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, and derivatives and analogs thereof, and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and derivatives and analogs thereof, is performed using 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, and derivatives and analogs thereof, and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives or analogs thereof, in a ratio selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 80% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 20% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane or derivatives and analogs thereof; (b) 60% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 40% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (c) 40% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 60% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (d) 20% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 80% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof; or (e) 20% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 80% mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, or derivatives and analogs thereof.
- 86. The method of making dipropylenedisulfide-co-phenylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and derivatives and analogs thereof of claim 84, wherein the step of polymerizing 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof, and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof, is performed using 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof, and bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof in a ratio selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 80% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 20% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide or derivatives and analogs thereof; (b) 60% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 40% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (c) 40% 1 ,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 60% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof; (d) 20% 1 ,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 80% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof; or (e) 0% 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)benzene, or derivatives and analogs thereof: 100% bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, or derivatives and analogs thereof.
- 87. A method for removing a contaminant in situ from soil containing the contaminant, comprising:
(a) contacting the soil containing the contaminant in situ with a monomer solution to remove the contaminant from the soil and to form a mixture comprising the contaminant; (b) leaving the mixture in the soil; (c) forming a floc in the mixture to form a contaminant-floc complex; and (d) sealing off the contaminant-floc complex to prevent it from leaching further into the ground.
- 88. The method of claim 87, wherein the monomer is mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.
- 89. The method of claim 87, further comprising the step of allowing the monomer to homopolymerize, forming a porous seal.
- 90. The method of claim 87, wherein in step (a), the soil is contacted by the monomer solution by injection, gallery infiltration, basin infiltration, trench infiltration, surface infiltration, irrigation, spray, flooding, a sprinkler, a leach field, a vertical well, or a horizontal well.
- 91. The method of claim 87, wherein the contaminant comprises an alkali metal compound, an alkali earth metal compound, a transition metal compound, a group III-VIII compound, a lanthanide compound, or an actinide compound.
- 92. The method of claim 87, wherein the contaminant comprises a copper compound, a chromium compound, a mercury compound, a lead compound, a zinc compound, or an arsenic compound.
- 93. A method for removing a contaminant in situ from soil containing the contaminant, comprising:
(a) contacting the soil containing the contaminant in situ with a monomer solution to remove the contaminant from the soil and to form a mixture comprising the contaminant; (b) removing the mixture from the soil; (c) forming a floc in the mixture to form a contaminant-floc complex; and (d) filtering the mixture containing the contaminant-floc complex with a suitable filtering apparatus.
- 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the monomer is mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.
- 95. The method of claim 93, further comprising the step of allowing the monomer to homopolymerize, forming a porous seal.
- 96. The method of claim 93, wherein in step (a), the soil is contacted by the monomer solution by injection, gallery infiltration, basin infiltration, trench infiltration, surface infiltration, irrigation, spray, flooding, a sprinkler, a leach field, a vertical well, or a horizontal well.
- 97. The method of claim 93, further comprising after step (a) and prior to step (b), mobilizing the mixture by a pump, a drain, a collection gallery, a collection basin, a collection trench, a vertical well, a horizontal well, or electroremediation.
- 98. The method of claim 93, wherein in step (b), the mixture is removed by the soil by a recovery well.
- 99. The method of claim 93, wherein the contaminant comprises an alkali metal compound, an alkali earth metal compound, a transition metal compound, a group III-VIII compound, a lanthanide compound, or an actinide compound.
- 100. The method of claim 93, wherein the contaminant comprises a copper compound, a chromium compound, a mercury compound, a lead compound, a zinc compound, or an arsenic compound.
Parent Case Info
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/280,711, filed Mar. 30, 2001. This is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/872,097, filed Jun. 1, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/279,337, filed Jun. 2, 2000. All of the above applications are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Provisional Applications (2)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60280711 |
Mar 2001 |
US |
|
60279337 |
Mar 2001 |
US |
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09872097 |
Jun 2001 |
US |
Child |
10112573 |
Mar 2002 |
US |