Patent Application
20210212803
This invention relates in some aspects to orthodontic appliances, including orthodontic brackets and archwires.
Orthodontic appliances are commonly used to correct misaligned teeth. There are many types of orthodontic appliances. However, each may have drawbacks, such as requiring too much time to prepare and/or install.
One type of orthodontic appliance is the pin and tube appliance. The pin and tube appliance can control the movement and position of each tooth in three-dimensional space. It can include an orthodontic archwire with a male “pin” that inserts into a female vertical “tube” that is attached to the tooth. The pin and tube do not move relative to each other. Interproximal loops can be placed in between the teeth to move the teeth to open or close spaces. However, the pin and tube appliance can present challenges, including:
Another type of orthodontic appliances is the edgewise appliance. An edgewise appliance may include orthodontic brackets (with rectangular slots) that are bonded onto each tooth. An archwire that is rectangular in cross-section may fit into rectangular slots in the orthodontic brackets, but cross-sections of different shapes may be used as well. However, the edgewise appliance can present problems, including:
Another type of orthodontic appliances is the pre-adjusted, straight-wire appliance that uses nickel-titanium wires. This appliance can minimize the amount of archwire bending that is required in edgewise appliances. The shape memory capability, superelasticity, and lower modulus of elasticity features of shape memory alloys can lower the amount of force delivered to the teeth and significantly reduce the pathologic lesions as a result of heavy force use from rigid stainless steel wires. The large range of movement for some of shape memory alloy archwires can reduce the number of archwires required for treatment and, as such, reduce the number of activation appointments that are needed.
However, the pre-adjusted straight-wire appliance can present challenges. For example, considerable time may be required to tie the archwire into the orthodontic bracket, especially when lingual braces are used. The appliance may also still rely heavily on sliding the orthodontic bracket relative to the archwire to open and close space. To overcome the unpredictable amount of friction that is generated, frequent monthly appointments may still be required to ensure that the correct amount of movement is achieved.
Another type of orthodontic appliance uses self-ligating orthodontic brackets. These may reduce the amount of time and effort required to tie a wire into an orthodontic straight-wire appliance. Various types of doors and latches may be provided to replace tying the orthodontic wire. These doors and latches can make it easier to deliver and change orthodontic archwires. They can also eliminate the unnecessary tying and untying of archwires at appointments when the archwire does not need to be changed. Self-ligating orthodontic brackets can also provide a metal-to-metal interface between the orthodontic slot and the wire, reducing the amount of friction when moving teeth. However, self-ligating orthodontic brackets can present problems, including:
CAD/CAM technology can also be used in connection with orthodontics. This technology can be used to create an expected desired end result prior to the starting of orthodontic treatment. Customized wires and orthodontic brackets can be designed based on the expected desired end result of the orthodontic treatment to reduce the amount of doctor intervention required at each appointment. However, using CAD/CAM technology may not overcome all of the problems associated with the orthodontic appliances, such as:
In some embodiments, disclosed herein are hybrid orthodontic archwires that can include varying cross-section shapes, sizes, and/or material properties. The archwire may be divided into two or more sections comprising in some embodiments the portion of the archwire that is inserted and ligated to an orthodontic bracket, which will be referred to as the bracket-archwire section, and the portion of the archwire that is interproximal and not inserted into an orthodontic bracket, which will be referred to as the interproximal archwire section. These two sections can alternate with each other on an archwire, and each section in these alternating sections of the archwire may be a different cross-section shape, size, and/or material resulting in numerous hybrid archwire combinations. Any cross-sectional shape, size, and/or material may be used in a hybrid archwire.
In some embodiments, the hybrid archwire may include uniform or non-uniform patterns of varying cross-section shape, size, and/or material. In addition, some embodiments may feature different bends in the bracket-archwire section and/or in the interproximal archwire section. These bends may include a teardrop, U, V, rectangular, boot, and/or any other shape. Both sections of the archwire may also maintain a straight shape.
The hybrid archwires disclosed herein or portions thereof may comprise features as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,427,291 to Khoshnevis et al., issued on Aug. 30, 2016 and entitled “Orthodontic Appliance with Snap Fitted, Non-Sliding Archwire,” or as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2017/0296304 to Tong et al., published on Oct. 19, 2017 and entitled “Orthodontic Appliance with Non-Sliding, Tied Archwire,” each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The hybrid archwires disclosed herein or portions thereof may further be configured to be used with orthodontic brackets disclosed in those same publications.
In one aspect of the invention, disclosed herein is a hybrid archwire for orthodontic treatment. The hybrid archwire includes a first section of archwire configured to couple to a first plurality of orthodontic brackets having archwire slots for receiving the archwire and a second section of archwire having one or more different structural properties from the first section of archwire and configured to couple to a second plurality of orthodontic brackets having archwire slots for receiving the archwire. The first section of archwire is configured to slide relative to the first plurality of orthodontic brackets when received in the archwire slots of the first plurality of orthodontic brackets. The second section of archwire is configured to provide greater resistance to sliding in a medial and distal direction relative to the second plurality of orthodontic brackets when received in the archwire slots of the second plurality of orthodontic brackets than the first section of archwire.
In some embodiments, the second section of archwire is configured to positively prevent sliding in a medial and distal direction relative to the second plurality of orthodontic brackets when received in the archwire slots of the second plurality of orthodontic brackets. The hybrid archwire may have two second sections along distal portions of the archwire and a single first section positioned between the two distal second sections. The two second sections may be configured to be coupled to posterior teeth of a dental arch and the single first section may be configured to be coupled to anterior teeth of the dental arch. The second section of archwire may include a plurality of male connectors. Each of the plurality of male connectors may be configured to mate with an orthodontic bracket from the second plurality of orthodontic brackets in a manner that prevents sliding. The male connectors may have bends formed in the second section of archwire. The male connectors may be configured to prevent rotation of the second section of archwire within the archwire slots of the second plurality of brackets. The second section of archwire may have at least one interproximal bend configured to exert a force on at least one adjacent orthodontic bracket when coupled to the second plurality of orthodontic brackets. The second section of archwire may have one interproximal bend between every adjacent pair of male connectors. The interproximal bend may be configured to exert a force on the adjacent orthodontic brackets when coupled to the second plurality of orthodontic brackets. The second section of archwire may have a plurality of interproximal bends configured to be positioned between every adjacent pair of teeth of the dental arch along which the second section is configured to attach.
The second section of archwire may have a round cross-sectional shape. The second section of archwire may have a non-round cross-sectional shape. The first section of archwire may have a round cross-sectional shape. The first section of archwire may have a non-round cross-sectional shape. The first section of archwire and the second section of archwire may have different cross-sectional shapes. The diameter or thickness of the second section of archwire may be larger than the diameter or thickness of the first section of archwire. The second section of archwire may have a coating configured to resist sliding in a medial and distal direction relative to the second plurality of orthodontic brackets when received in the archwire slots of the second plurality of orthodontic brackets. The first section of archwire may have a coating configured to promote sliding in a medial and distal direction relative to the first plurality of orthodontic brackets when received in the archwire slots of the first plurality of orthodontic brackets. The first section of archwire may include an interproximal bend. The interproximal bend within the first section of archwire may be configured to be positioned between two adjacent orthodontic brackets from the first plurality of orthodontic brackets. The first section of archwire may comprise a first material and the second section of archwire may comprise a second material different from the first material. The second material may be a shape memory material.
In some embodiments, an orthodontic appliance may include the hybrid archwire and the first plurality of orthodontic brackets and the second plurality of orthodontic brackets. The second section of archwire may be better matched in size and shape to the archwire slots of the second plurality of orthodontic brackets than the first section of archwire is matched in size and shape to the archwire slots of the first plurality of orthodontic brackets.
In a further aspect of the invention, disclosed herein is an archwire that is split into bracket-archwire sections and interproximal archwire sections. The bracket-archwire section is the portion of the archwire inserted into and ligated to the brackets, and the interproximal archwire section is the portion of the archwire that is in the interproximal region and not engaged with the bracket. Each section varies in one or more of its archwire cross-section shape, size, and/or material properties.
In some embodiments, there is a uniform pattern of alternating cross-section shapes, sizes, and/or materials in the bracket-archwire sections and interproximal archwire sections. In some embodiments, there is a non-uniform pattern of cross-section shape, sizes, and/or materials in the bracket-archwire sections and interproximal archwire sections. Bends of any shape may be made in any of the archwire sections.
In a further aspect of the invention, disclosed herein is a hybrid archwire having a plurality of bracket-archwire sections and a plurality of interproximal archwire sections. The plurality of bracket-archwire sections are configured to be operably connected to orthodontic brackets. Each of the interproximal archwire sections may be interspersed between two bracket-archwire sections. The bracket-archwire sections have at least a first cross-sectional shape, size, and/or material property and the interproximal-archwire sections have at least a second, different shape, size, and/or material property.
In some embodiments, the bracket-archwire sections may have a first cross-sectional shape and the interproximal-archwire sections may have a second cross-sectional shape. The first cross-sectional shape may be round and the second cross-sectional shape may be non-round. The non-round cross-sectional shape may be rectangular. The non-round cross-sectional shape may be square. The bracket-archwire sections may comprise at least a first material and the interproximal-archwire sections may comprise at least a second different material. The first material may comprise stainless steel. The first material may comprise titanium. The second material may comprise a nickel-titanium alloy.
In a further aspect of the invention, disclosed herein is a method of moving teeth comprising providing a single continuous customized archwire, positioning the single continuous archwire with respect to the dental arch, and activating the archwire. The archwire is provided in a first configuration created from a virtual set-up utilizing image data from a patient's teeth and configured to move the patient's teeth to a pre-determined desired configuration. The archwire has a first section and a second section. The first section has a plurality of male structures and a plurality of interproximal structures with respect to the patient's teeth. Each male structure corresponds to each and every tooth of the first section and only a single interproximal structure is between each and every male structure of the first section. Each interproximal structure corresponds to an interdental space in between each and every tooth of a first portion of the dental arch. The second section corresponds to at least two of the patient's teeth of a second portion of the dental arch and has a continuous curve devoid of any male structures or interproximal structures. Activating the archwire comprises deflecting the archwire from its first configuration to a second configuration and attaching each male loop of the plurality of male loops to corresponding brackets attached to each and every tooth of the dental arch in the first section. Activating the archwire allows the interproximal looped structures to impart forces on the teeth with respect to the teeth in the first section, thereby moving the teeth in the first section toward the pre-determined desired configuration as the archwire changes from the second configuration back to the first configuration. The archwire does not slide with respect to the brackets in the first section when each of the male loops are attached to the corresponding brackets in the first section. The archwire can slide with respect to brackets in the second section.
Activating the archwire may lead to mesio-distal tooth movement for at least some of the teeth. Activating the archwire may lead to occlusal-gingival tooth movement for at least some of the teeth. Activating the archwire may lead to facio-lingual tooth movement for at least some of the teeth. The interproximal structures may have a loop shape. The interproximal structures may have a boot shape or a tear shape. The brackets may include self-ligating brackets, twin brackets, single-wing brackets, and/or ribbon arch brackets. The archwire may comprise a shape memory material.
These drawings are illustrative embodiments and do not present all possible embodiments of this invention.
Orthodontic treatment involves the use of orthodontic brackets and archwires to correct malocclusion of the teeth. The brackets are bonded to the teeth and the archwire is inserted into and ligated with the brackets. The ligated archwire can then exert forces and moments that move the teeth into their correct positions.
Archwires exist in several different forms and each archwire can have a different cross-section shape, size, and/or material. Traditionally, archwires have a consistent cross-section shape, size, and material properties that spans the entire length of the archwire. These different forms of uniform, consistent archwires each have their own indications for different stages of tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. Thus, in order to make all of the necessary tooth movements to finish treatment, typically a series of different archwires of varying properties is needed which can be a step-wise and inefficient process. A possible way to decrease the amount of distinct archwires needed and to correct multiple tooth position issues simultaneously, making treatment more efficient, would be to make hybrid archwires that can combine these different archwire properties into a single archwire. In practice, this has been demonstrated with the Hills Dual-Geometry Wire (SPEED Orthodontics) which has a round posterior cross-section and a square anterior cross-section allowing for both space closure and anterior retraction. However, the cross-section of this wire does not change from the bracket zones to the interproximal (or inter-bracket) zones within each respective anterior or posterior section. Furthermore, while the Hills Dual-Geometry Wire still has improved, it still possesses limited variability in its archwire properties and limited functionality, so further improvements in archwire design are still needed.
The size (e.g., cross-sectional area or diameter) and material of the archwire directly impact the wire stiffness and load deflection rate, and the size also determines the amount of slot play (or fit) the archwire has in a bracket slot. The cross-sectional shape of an archwire plays a large role in the bendability, comfort, and torque expression of the archwire. A rectangular or square cross-section, unlike a round cross-section, can allow, in some cases, for torque expression in a bracket with a rectangular slot. Round cross-section archwires can have less friction than a rectangular wire and can result in advantageous sliding mechanics in which the archwire slides in a medial or distal direction relative to one or more brackets. Round archwires are generally more comfortable for the soft tissue and can be easier to bend into loops and other shapes compared to rectangular archwires. In addition to the more common rectangular, square, and round cross-section shapes, other cross-section shaped archwires have been developed such as D-shaped, trapezoidal, triangular, ovoid, and other cross-sectional shapes. Each cross-section shape has their pros and cons and are uniquely suited for different aspects of orthodontic tooth movement. However, because archwires either have generally consistent cross-sectional shapes, sizes, and/or materials, often only certain tooth movements and bends can be made with each archwire, limiting efficiency in orthodontic treatment.
Disclosed herein are hybrid archwires which have varying properties along the length of the archwire. In some embodiments, different portions of the archwire may possess different properties depending on which tooth or sets of teeth the archwire is configured to be positioned across. The archwire properties may affect the orthodontic treatment via the interaction of the archwire and the orthodontic brackets, bonded to one or more teeth, which the archwire connects to. In some embodiments, different portions of archwire may possess different properties depending on whether the portion of the archwire is configured to be attached or ligated to an orthodontic bracket or another component of an orthodontic appliance, whether the portion of the archwire is configured to be bent into a shape or loop (e.g., an interproximal bend), whether the portion of the archwire is configured to transmit a smaller or larger amount of force (e.g., a translational force on an adjacent tooth), whether the portion of the archwire is configured to transmit a torque, and/or whether the portion of the archwire is configured to come into contact with any part of the mouth tissue. The hybrid archwire may have at least two sections having at least partially different properties.
In some embodiments, the archwire may comprise alternating sections, including a plurality of first sections and a plurality of second sections. The alternating sections may form a repeating pattern along the length of the archwire. The first sections may comprise bracket portions of the archwire configured to be attached to, ligated to, or otherwise coupled to an orthodontic bracket. The second sections may comprise portions of the archwire not configured to be attached to, ligated to, or otherwise coupled to an orthodontic bracket. The second sections may extend between the first sections. The second sections may comprise inter-bracket sections or interproximal sections of the archwire. The alternating pattern may be regular (uniform) or irregular (non-uniform). For example, in regular patterns, each of the first sections may have the same length and each of the second sections may have the same length. In regular patterns, each of the first sections may have identical or substantially similar properties and/or each of the second sections may have identical or substantially similar properties. Irregular patterns may be any pattern that is not regular. Some patterns may be partly regular and partly irregular depending on the property of the archwire. The pattern of first sections may be regular and the pattern of the second sections may be irregular or vice-versa. Portions of the alternating pattern may be regular and portions of the alternating pattern may be irregular. In some embodiments, the alternating pattern may extend the entire length of the archwire. In some embodiments, the alternating pattern may extend only along a portion of the length of the archwire. For example, the pattern may extend only across a length of the archwire corresponding to a subset of teeth receiving orthodontic treatment. In some embodiments, the repeating pattern may comprise more than two type of sections, such as first, second, and third sections. The pattern may comprise any order or arrangement of the plurality of sections.
In some embodiments, the archwire may have sections that extend across a portion of the archwire corresponding to multiple teeth. For example, a section of archwire having a variable property may extend across distal or posterior teeth, across anterior or medial teeth, across the left teeth, across the right teeth, across the molar teeth, across the biscuspid teeth, across the bicuspid and cuspid teeth, across the incisors, across any adjacent combinations, or across any subset of teeth within those sections. In general, the sections may extend across one tooth, two teeth, three teeth, four teeth, five teeth, six teeth, seven teeth, eight teeth, nine teeth, ten teeth, eleven teeth, twelve teeth, thirteen teeth, fourteen teeth, fifteen teeth, a portion of a tooth, a portion of two teeth, a portion of the dental arch (16 teeth), or any portion of a subset of adjacent teeth, or ranges incorporating any two of the aforementioned values. Accordingly, transitions between two sections having different archwire properties may generally be positioned over the third molar, between the third molar and the second molar, over the second molar, between the second molar and the first molar, over the second bicuspid, between the first bicuspid and the second bicuspid, over the first bicuspid, between the first bicuspid and the cuspid (canine tooth), over the cuspid, between the cuspid and the lateral incisor, over the lateral incisor, between the lateral incisor and the central incisor, over the central incisor, or between left and right central incisors. In some embodiments, the archwire may transition sharply between two adjacent sections of different properties. In some embodiments, the archwire may transition gradually between two adjacent sections or between two or more properties forming a transition section. The transition section may comprise a length the same as the lengths described above and may be positioned over any of the same teeth.
In some embodiments, the archwire may have multiple levels of sectioning or patterning. For instance, the archwire may comprise two distal or posterior sections and an intermediate anterior or medial section. Any or all of the posterior or anterior sections may comprise subsections along the length of the section, such as an alternating pattern of bracket sections and interproximal sections, as described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, sections may overlap. For example, the archwire may comprise a left section and a right section. The right section and the left section may possess differences in a first archwire property (e.g., diameter). Furthermore, the archwire may comprise a third section that extends over the anterior teeth and fourth and fifth sections that extend over the posterior teeth. The third section may possess a different second archwire property (e.g., cross-sectional shape or stiffness) from the fourth and fifth sections. Alternatively, the third section may comprise an alternating pattern of a second archwire property (e.g., cross-sectional shape), such as between bracket sections and interproximal sections, while the fourth and fifth sections comprise constant properties over the length of the sections.
In some embodiments, disclosed herein are improved archwire designs that allow for more efficient tooth movement.
The interproximal bends or loops may be configured to exert forces on the adjacent teeth. For example, an interproximal bend that is stretched or opened when the archwire 200 is applied to the dental arch may elastically pull the two adjacent teeth together (in a mesio-distal movement) and may be useful for closing a space between adjacent teeth. Likewise, an interproximal bend that is compressed when applied to the dental arch may elastically push the two adjacent teeth apart, which may be useful for opening of a space between overlapping teeth. For occlusal-gingival tooth movement, if the adjacent teeth are not at the same level, an archwire inserting into an orthodontic bracket 101 may cause connecting archwire legs and interproximal bends to deflect in a slanted manner, which may cause the archwire to be activated, leading to tooth correction in the occlusal-gingival direction. For facio-lingual tooth movement, archwire insertion into an orthodontic bracket 101 may cause the wire to be pushed away from its original position, which may cause the archwire to be activated, leading to tooth correction in the facio-lingual direction. In general, the relative displacement of the two legs of the interproximal bend when elastically deformed may apply a translational force on one or both of the adjacent teeth in 1, 2, or 3 of three dimensions (mesial-distal, lingual-facial, gingival-occlusal) in either direction. The force exerted on the adjacent tooth or teeth by the interproximal bend may result in a moment or torque being applied to the tooth or teeth in any 1, 2, or 3 of three dimensions (about a mesial-distal axis, about a lingual-facial axis, about a gingival-occlusal axis) in either direction. The resultant force and/or the moment exerted on a tooth may depend on the combination of forces exerted from both the mesial-positioned and distal-positioned interproximal archwire section. In some embodiments, some teeth may have an interproximal bend positioned on only one side of the teeth.
The interproximal bend may be formed substantially in a single plane (the medial and distal legs of the bend may be coplanar), as shown in
In some embodiments, the archwire 200 may comprise a shape-memory material, at least in one or more of the interproximal sections comprising an interproximal bend. The shape memory section may be programmed with a memorized conformation. A shape memory archwire can be plastically deformed to a degree and still return to its memorized conformation, similar to elastic deformation. Shape memory archwires may advantageously allow for the correction of malocclusion with the use of less force on the teeth than for non-shape memory archwires. The interproximal bends may be specifically configured (e.g., customized) to provide precise forces and/or moments on the adjacent teeth. The customized nature of an archwire may result in an archwire which is asymmetric, such as around a midline configured to be aligned with the middle of a dental arch. The archwire or sections of the archwire may be configured in an original or non-deformed shape reflecting an expected finished alignment of the teeth. When the deformed or deflected archwire returns to its original shape as the teeth move to release the stress within the deformed archwire, the teeth may be moved into a final expected alignment or a final expected alignment for a particular stage of treatment (e.g., before switching out the archwire). An archwire may be activated by deflecting it away from its default position and inserting into an orthodontic bracket that is bonded to a tooth. When this elastic deflection occurs, the archwire may exert a reaction force in the direction that returns the archwire to the designed configuration, thereby transferring forces to the tooth and causing orthodontic tooth movement. This type activation may be self-activating and self-limiting because it may not require use of external forces such as power chain and coil springs to move the teeth. This type of activation may also be self-limiting because the archwire may only exert forces that return the archwire to its original shape, negating the need for frequent appointments.
The use of a rectangular bracket archwire section (204a, 204b) in a rectangular bracket archwire slot, as shown in
Sliding mechanics may be necessary in some implementations as teeth gradually move and the tension in the archwire decreases to adjust the positioning of one or more brackets 101 along the length of the archwire so that the tension is redistributed accordingly (e.g., uniformly distributed across several teeth). Otherwise, portions of the archwire between non-sliding brackets may develop “slack” as the teeth are repositioned. The amount and/or rate of sliding for one or more teeth may be particularly calculated in designing the orthodontic treatment. Sliding mechanics may generally be more important for straight archwires, such as in
In some embodiments, a bracket archwire section and an orthodontic bracket may be configured to attach to each other in a configuration that positively prevents sliding between the two. The archwire may be “fixed” to one or more orthodontic brackets in a non-sliding manner. In some embodiments, the archwire may be fixed to an orthodontic bracket via a male connector. The male connector may be an integral part of the archwire. For example, the bracket archwire section may be configured with a male connector. The male connector may project away from the mesial-distal axis of the archwire. In some embodiments, the male connector and/or an interproximal connector may be formed as a bend (e.g., a U-shaped bend, a rectangular shaped bend, an S-shaped bend, a V-shaped bend, a tear-drop shaped bend, a T-shaped bend, a boot-shaped bend, etc.) similar to an interproximal bend. The male connector may be formed from a section of archwire having a round (e.g., circular) cross-section or another shaped cross-section (e.g. rectangular). In some embodiments, the male connector may be an attachment, such as a cylindrical tube member attached around the archwire.
Each male connector 306 may be configured in a shape so as to match a shape of a corresponding archwire slot in the orthodontic bracket 301. Each male connector 306 may have two substantially parallel side bars and an arc portion. An archwire leg may extend from each of the sidebars into the interproximal section of the archwire. The archwire legs of the male connector 306 may be parallel to the bite plane when they are left in a passive position. The directions of the male connectors 306 may reflect the mesio-distal angulation and/or facio-lingual inclination of the teeth in the expected finishing setup of the teeth. The male connectors 306 may point to the occlusal direction when the orthodontic brackets are oriented in such a way as to allow the archwire 300 to be inserted from the gingival to the occlusal direction. Users may instead wish to insert the archwire 300 from the occlusal to the gingival direction, in which case the male connectors 306 may point to the gingival direction and the orthodontic brackets may be bonded to the tooth 180 degrees from the orientation needed for the insertion in the occlusal description. Each orthodontic bracket 301 may be bonded to a tooth, oriented so that it has a mesial side towards the midline of the dental arch; a distal side that is away from the midline of the dental arch; a gingival side that is toward the gingivae; an occlusal side that is toward the biting surface of the teeth; a tooth side that is toward the tooth; and a non-tooth side that is away from the tooth.
The orthodontic bracket 301 shown in
Bracket archwire sections comprising male connectors may offer several advantages. There may be superior mesio-distal angulation and facio-lingual inclination orthodontic control because the vertical male connector may offer a longer arm for coupling forces to the orthodontic bracket when compared to the rectangular dimensions of an edgewise appliance. Moreover, the spread of the two parallel side bars of the male connector may make them function like a twin orthodontic bracket in providing a force couple in dealing with any axial rotation.
In some embodiments, the hybrid archwire may comprise sections that are configured for sliding mechanics and sections that are configured for non-sliding mechanics.
In other embodiments, the non-sliding section may be defined by bracket archwire sections which are configured to resist sliding relative to the sliding sections. For instance, the non-sliding sections may comprise rectangular cross-sections and/or closely matched sizes relative to the bracket archwire slots and sliding sections may comprise round cross sections and/or loosely matched sizes relative to the bracket archwire slots. The difference in fit may be reflected in a reduced cross-section archwire along the sliding section if the archwire is configured to be used with brackets comprising the same sized and shaped bracket archwire slots throughout both sliding and non-sliding sections. Non-sliding sections may also be created by applying a relatively tacky or non-lubricious coating along the length of those sections that resists sliding and/or by applying a lubricious or sliding-promoting coating along the length of the sliding sections.
In some embodiments, the hybrid archwire 400 may be configured with two distal or posterior non-sliding sections 410 and an intermediate anterior or medial sliding section 412, as illustrated in
A hybrid archwire 400 comprising alternatively sections configured for sliding mechanics and non-sliding mechanics (e.g., fixed non-sliding mechanics) may offer unique advantages. Portions of archwires configure for fixed non-sliding mechanics, particularly those using archwires with shape memory properties, may be designed according to a patient-specific custom profile. The custom archwire can be digitally designed according to digital data representing the positioning of the patient's teeth in a pre-adjusted or initial state (e.g., a state of malocclusion). The positioning of the patient's teeth can then be digitally altered, such as into a preferred or expected final positioning after orthodontic treatment. The orthodontic treatment can then be designed backwards from the expected final positioning. This process allows the opportunity for the doctor and the patient to confer by examining the final expected positioning of the teeth, such as in a computer model. Advantageously, this process allows the patient to provide input into the orthodontic treatment. The patient may visualize the expected result of the orthodontic treatment and evaluate whether the custom-designed treatment meets the patient's desired goals (e.g., esthetic outcome) in addition to allowing the doctor to evaluate his or her clinical goals. This process may help the doctor and patient collaborate to fine-tune the orthodontic treatment. Traditional orthodontic treatments (e.g., pin and tube or edgewise appliances) rely on the doctor adjusting the appliance over a number of orthodontic visits to gradually and continually move the teeth toward the doctor's desired positioning, as evaluated by the doctor during each visit. The patient is unable to participate in the design of the orthodontic treatment.
In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a method of moving teeth. The method can include providing a single continuous customized archwire created from a virtual set-up utilizing image data from a patient's teeth and configured to move the patient's teeth to a pre-determined desired configuration. The single continuous archwire may include a plurality of male structures and a plurality of interproximal structures with respect to the patient's teeth corresponding to a dental arch. Each male loop may correspond to each and every tooth of the dental arch and only a single interproximal looped structure of the plurality of interproximal looped structures may be between each and every male loop corresponding to an interdental space in between each and every tooth of the dental arch when the archwire is in a first configuration. In other embodiments, the archwire could have one, two, or more “straight” sections lacking any male structures and/or interproximal structures as described elsewhere herein. The archwire can then be activated by deflecting the archwire from its first configuration to a second configuration and attaching each male loop of the plurality of male loops to corresponding brackets attached to selected teeth of the dental arch. Activating the archwire can thereby allow the interproximal structures to impart forces on the teeth with respect to the teeth thereby moving the teeth toward the pre-determined desired configuration as the archwire changes from the second configuration back to the first configuration. The archwire may not slide with respect to the brackets in some sections when each of the male structures are attached to the corresponding brackets, but the archwire may slide with respect to other sections.
Custom-formed archwires allow the archwire to be custom-fitted to the individual patient. Even traditional nitinol-based archwires (e.g., straight nitinol archwires), while they may come in several sizes, require forcing an individual dental arch to conform to an archwire of a certain pre-selected size. Custom-formed archwires, such as archwires comprising customized sections of fixed, non-sliding archwire, allow the archwire to be formed to match an infinite number of incremental sizes, which may result in more precise orthodontic treatment and/or less patient discomfort.
Compared to edgewise appliances, portions of archwire relying on fixed, non-sliding mechanics require substantially less force to move the teeth. Edgewise appliances require higher force than are actually necessary to move the teeth in order to overcome friction and slide orthodontic brackets along the archwire. The greater amount of force required for sliding mechanics results in increased patient discomfort, particularly as the archwires must be manually tightened. Because the force applied is an estimate of the force required to move the teeth to a desired position, the orthodontic treatment generally requires a series of over-compensations and under-compensations, wherein the overcompensations result in unnecessarily large and uncomfortable forces. Portions of archwire configured for fixed, non-sliding mechanics can be custom-designed to exert a precise digitally-determined force as needed to move the adjacent teeth, eliminating the need to exert excess pressure along that section of the archwire.
Portions of archwire configured for sliding mechanics are advantageous in that they allow the doctor to very precisely fine-tune the orthodontic treatment along that section of the archwire without replacing the archwire. Thus, fine adjustments can be made without the time or cost of obtaining new digital records of the positioning of the teeth, without digitally remodeling the teeth, and/or without fabricating a new custom archwire. The adjustments which may be made to the sliding portion of the archwire, may include, for example, making and/or altering first order and/or second order bends, particularly when the sliding portion 412 is fabricated from non-shape memory material (e.g., stainless steel), or any other known adjustments that are commonly made to orthodontic appliances that employ sliding mechanics. Portions of archwire which may be most conducive for sliding mechanics may be configured for moving areas of teeth which are most visible and/or sensitive to a patient's esthetic goals, such as the front teeth for example. In some embodiments, the archwire 400 may comprise sections 412 configured for non-sliding mechanics along the posterior teeth and a section configured for sliding mechanics along the most visible anterior teeth, such as shown in
Various other modifications, adaptations, and alternative designs are of course possible in light of the above teachings, including but not limited to by mixing any cross-section shape, size (e.g., diameter, length, width, or thickness), and/or material in the bracket-archwire and interproximal archwire sections. Therefore, it should be understood at this time that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. It is contemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments disclosed above may be made and still fall within one or more of the inventions. Further, the disclosure herein of any particular feature, aspect, method, property, characteristic, quality, attribute, element, or the like in connection with an embodiment can be used in all other embodiments set forth herein. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed inventions. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present inventions herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above. Moreover, while the invention is susceptible to various modifications, and alternative forms, specific examples thereof have been shown in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the particular forms or methods disclosed, but to the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments described and the appended claims. Any methods disclosed herein need not be performed in the order recited. The methods disclosed herein include certain actions taken by a practitioner; however, they can also include any third-party instruction of those actions, either expressly or by implication. For example, actions such as “accessing an orthodontic appliance” includes “instructing the accessing of an orthodontic appliance.” The ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all overlap, sub-ranges, and combinations thereof. Language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” “between,” and the like includes the number recited. Numbers preceded by a term such as “approximately”, “about”, and “substantially” as used herein include the recited numbers (e.g., about 10%=10%), and also represent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”, and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of the stated amount.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/884,805, filed Jan. 31, 2018, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) as a non-provisional application of U.S. Prov. App. No. 62/452,802 filed on Jan. 31, 2017, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62452802 | Jan 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15884805 | Jan 2018 | US |
| Child | 17105085 | US |
