Patent Application
20230202455
The present invention relates to a hybrid system mounted on an industrial machine.
In a hybrid system mounted on a hybrid vehicle, for example, a control unit (ECU: Electronic Control Unit) calculates a required torque as a hybrid system in order to determine an operation mode of the hybrid system. As the operation mode of the hybrid system, a torque split operation, a torque assist operation, a regeneration operation and the like can be cited, for example.
The torque split operation is an operation which brings a charging rate of a battery closer to a target value by distributing a torque of an engine and a torque of a motor generator. The torque assist operation is an operation in which the motor generator assists the engine torque. The regeneration operation is an operation in which fuel injection of the engine is stopped, and the battery is charged by the motor generator.
PTL 1 discloses a hybrid vehicle including a hybrid system having an electric generator connected to a battery and an engine and control means which controls the hybrid system. In the hybrid vehicle described in PTL 1, the control means works out an increase rate of a fuel consumption amount with respect to an output torque in the engine on the basis of a required torque to the engine calculated from measured values of a rotation sensor which measures an engine rotation number of the engine and an accelerator opening-degree sensor which measures an opening degree of an accelerator in the hybrid vehicle and on the basis of map data set in advance. And when a maximum value of the increase rate of the fuel consumption amount exceeds a threshold value set in advance, the control means executes control such that the assist of the engine by the electric generator is started with a maximum allowable drive output of the electric generator at a measured value of a temperature sensor.
In the hybrid system of an automobile as disclosed in PTL 1, for example, the required torque as the hybrid system is calculated on the basis not only of an engine required torque based on an accelerator pedal input (in other words, an accelerator opening degree) but also of a required torque for each component such as a transmission, an air conditioner and the like. In order to implement the calculation of the required torque as the hybrid system as above, each ECU provided for each component calculates a required torque for each component.
However, in industrial machines such as a construction machine, an agricultural machine, a lawnmower, a generator, a compressor, a pump and the like, a configuration of an accelerator is different for each application. For example, there is an industrial machine of such a model that does not include an accelerator pedal. In the industrial machine of the model that does not include an accelerator pedal, an operator instructs a certain engine rotation number not by the accelerator pedal but by a dial switch called a hand accelerator or the like in order to perform a work at a certain engine rotation number. Moreover, in the industrial machines, a relatively few components other than the engine have ECU, and the required torques of the components other than the engine are not known in relatively many cases. As described above, in the hybrid system mounted on the industrial machines, there is a problem that input factors which can be used when the required torque as the hybrid system is calculated or input factors which can be used when the required torque as the hybrid system is calculated and can be used when an operation mode of the hybrid system is determined are limited, as compared with the hybrid system mounted on automobiles.
The present invention has been made in order to solve the aforementioned problem and has an object to provide a hybrid system which can calculate various types of more proper required torques when input factors which can be used when the various types of required torques are calculated are limited. Alternatively, it has an object to provide a hybrid system which can determine more proper operation mode while the input factors which can be used when the operation mode is determined are limited.
The aforementioned problem is solved by a hybrid system according to the present invention mounted on an industrial machine, the hybrid system including a rotation sensor which detects a rotation number of an engine, at least either one of an accelerator opening-degree sensor which detects an accelerator opening degree and a rotation-number instruction unit which transmits a rotation-number signal instructing the certain rotation number to the engine, and a control unit which controls an operation of the engine, characterized in that the control unit executes control of calculating a torque determining factor for determining a system required torque as the hybrid system on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit, and control of calculating the system required torque on the basis of the rotation number detected by the rotation sensor and the calculated torque determining factor.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the torque determining factor for determining the system required torque as the hybrid system on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit. That is, the control unit can calculate the torque determining factor on the basis of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor, can calculate the torque determining factor on the basis of the rotation-number signal which is transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit and instructs a certain rotation number to the engine, and can calculate the torque determining factor on the basis of both the accelerator opening degree and the rotation-number signal. And the control unit calculates the system required torque as the hybrid system on the basis of the engine rotation number detected by the rotation sensor and the calculated torque determining factor. Thus, even if the hybrid system is mounted on the industrial machine not including an accelerator pedal, for example, or even if the control unit is not installed on the components other than the engine, the control unit of the present invention can calculate more proper system required torque. As a result, the hybrid system according to the present invention can calculate the more proper system required torque while the input factors which can be used when calculating the system required torque are limited.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the torque determining factor is preferably characterized to be a fuel injection amount of the engine.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit. And the control unit calculates the system required torque as the hybrid system on the basis of the rotation number of the engine detected by the rotation sensor and the calculated fuel injection amount of the engine. Thus, the hybrid system according to the present invention can calculate the more proper system required torque while the input factors which can be used when calculating the system required torque are limited.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by correcting the calculated fuel injection amount and by calculating an engine required torque for the engine on the basis of the rotation number detected by the rotation sensor and the fuel injection amount after the correction.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit corrects the fuel injection amount and calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine detected by the rotation sensor and the fuel injection amount after the correction. As a result, while reducing particulate matters (PM: Particulate Matter) contained in an exhaust gas, the torque assist operation can be performed when the rotation number of the engine is lowered due to an overload or a rapid acceleration response is required.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by storing, in advance, map data indicating a relationship among the rotation number of the engine, the fuel injection amount, and the torque of the engine and by calculating the system required torque on the basis of the map data stored in advance.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, since the control unit calculates the system required torque on the basis of the map data stored in advance, it can calculate the more proper system required torque while reducing processing time for calculating the system required torque.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by storing, in advance, map data indicating a relationship among the rotation number of the engine, the fuel injection amount, and the torque of the engine and by calculating the engine required torque on the basis of the map data stored in advance.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, since the control unit calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the map data stored in advance, it can calculate the more proper engine required torque while reducing processing time for calculating the engine required torque.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by calculating the system required torque, which is larger than a torque generated only by the engine.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit can perform the torque assist operation and can generate the system required torque larger than the torque generated only by the engine, even when the rotation number of the engine is relatively low. As a result, fuel efficiency can be improved while suppressing an emission of the engine, and reducing particulate matters contained in the exhaust gas.
The aforementioned problem is solved by the hybrid system according to the present invention, which is a hybrid system mounted on an industrial machine and includes a rotation sensor which detects a rotation number of an engine, at least either one of an accelerator opening-degree sensor which detects an accelerator opening degree and a rotation-number instruction unit which transmits a rotation-number signal instructing the certain rotation number to the engine, and a control unit which controls an operation of the engine, characterized in that the control unit executes control of calculating a torque determining factor for determining a system required torque as the hybrid system on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit, control of calculating the system required torque and the engine required torque for the engine on the basis of the rotation number detected by the rotation sensor and the calculated torque determining factor, and control of determining an operation mode on the basis of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the torque determining factor for determining the system required torque as the hybrid system on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit. That is, the control unit can calculate the torque determining factor on the basis of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor, can calculate the torque determining factor on the basis of the rotation-number signal which is transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit and instructs a certain rotation number to the engine and can also calculate the torque determining factor on the basis of both the accelerator opening degree and the rotation-number signal. And the control unit calculates the system required torque as the hybrid system and the engine required torque for the engine on the basis of the engine rotation number detected by the rotation sensor and the calculated torque determining factor and executes control of determining the operation mode on the basis of the system required torque and the engine required torque. Thus, even if the hybrid system is mounted on the industrial machine not including an accelerator pedal, for example, or even if the control unit is not installed in the components other than the engine, the control unit of the present invention can calculate the more proper system required torque and engine required torque and can determine the more proper operation mode on the basis of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque. As a result, the hybrid system according to the present invention can determine the more proper operation mode while the input factors which can be used when determining the operation mode are limited.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the torque determining factor is preferably characterized to be a fuel injection amount of the engine.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the rotation-number instruction unit. And the control unit executes control of calculating the system required torque and the engine required torque for the engine as the hybrid system on the basis of the rotation number of the engine detected by the rotation sensor and the calculated fuel injection amount of the engine and of determining the operation mode on the basis of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque. Thus, the hybrid system according to the present invention can determine the more proper operation mode while the input factors which can be used when determining the operation mode are limited.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by correcting the calculated fuel injection amount and by calculating the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number detected by the rotation sensor and the fuel injection amount after the correction.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit corrects the fuel injection amount and calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine detected by the rotation sensor and the fuel injection amount after the correction. As a result, while reducing the particulate matters (PM: Particulate Matter) contained in an exhaust gas, the torque assist operation can be performed as the more proper operation mode, when the rotation number of the engine is lowered due to an overload or a rapid acceleration response is required.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by storing, in advance, map data indicating the relationship among the rotation number of the engine, the fuel injection amount, and the torque of the engine and by calculating the system required torque and the engine required torque on the basis of the map data stored in advance.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, since the control unit calculates the system required torque and the engine required torque on the basis of the map data stored in advance, it can calculate the more proper system required torque and engine required torque while reducing processing time for calculating the system required torque and the engine required torque.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by executing control of determining the operation mode further on the basis of a charging rate of a battery connected to the motor generator.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit executes control of determining the operation mode on the basis not only of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque but further of the charging rate of the battery connected to the motor generator. Therefore, the hybrid system according to the present invention can determine the more proper operation mode while the input factors which can be used when determining the operation mode are limited.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized in that, when the system required torque is smaller than a first threshold value, and the charging rate is smaller than a second threshold value, the engine required torque is set to zero, and the motor required torque for the motor generator is calculated, and a regeneration operation for charging the battery by the motor generator is determined to be the operation mode.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the motor required torque for the motor generator on the basis of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque and the charging rate of the battery and can execute the regeneration operation as the more proper operation mode.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized in that, when the system required torque is larger than the engine required torque, and when the charging rate is larger than the second threshold value, the motor required torque for the motor generator is calculated on the basis of a difference between the system required torque and the engine required torque, and the torque assist operation, in which the motor generator assists a torque of the engine is determined, to be the operation mode.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the motor required torque for the motor generator on the basis of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque and of the charging rate of the battery and can execute the torque assist operation as the more proper operation mode.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized in that, at least in either one of a case when the system required torque is equal to or less than the engine required torque, and a case when the charging rate is equal to or less than the second threshold value, the motor required torque for the motor generator is calculated in accordance with the charging rate, and a torque split operation for bringing the charging rate closer to a target value by distributing the torque of the engine and the torque of the motor generator is determined to be the operation mode.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the motor required torque for the motor generator on the basis of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque and of the charging rate of the battery and can execute the torque split operation as the more proper operation mode.
In the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit is preferably characterized by calculating the system required torque, which is larger than a torque generated only by the engine.
According to the hybrid system according to the present invention, the control unit executes the torque assist operation as the more proper operation mode and can generate the system required torque larger than the torque generated only by the engine, even when the rotation number of the engine is relatively low. As a result, improvement of the fuel consumption can be promoted while suppressing the emission of the engine, and reducing the particulate matters contained in the exhaust gas.
According to the present invention, while the input factors which can be used when calculating various required torques are limited, the hybrid system which can calculate the more proper various required torques can be provided. Moreover, according to the present invention, while the input factors which can be used when determining the operation mode are limited, the hybrid system which can determine the more proper operation mode can be provided.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail by referring to the figures.
The embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present invention and thus, various technically preferable limitations are given, but a scope of the present invention is not limited to these modes unless it is particularly described that the present invention is limited in the following description. Moreover, in each of the drawings, the same signs are given to the similar constituent elements, and detailed description will be omitted as appropriate.
A hybrid system 2A according to this embodiment is mounted on industrial machine such as a construction machine, an agricultural machine, a lawnmower, a generator, a compressor, a pump or the like, for example. As shown in
The engine 3 is an internal combustion engine, that is, an industrial engine such as an industrial diesel engine, an industrial gasoline engine, an industrial gas engine and the like, for example. The engine 3 is a multicylinder engine such as a supercharging type high-output 3-cylinder engine, a 4-cylinder engine and the like with a turbocharger, for example. As shown in
The rotation sensor 31 detects the rotation number of the engine 3 and transmits a voltage signal related to the rotation number of the engine 3 to the control unit 5 via a CAN (Controller Area Network) communication line. The control unit 5 converts the received voltage signal related to the rotation number of the engine 3 to the rotation number. Power generated in the engine 3 is transmitted to power taking-out components 71 such as a hydraulic pump, a transmission (T/M) and the like of the industrial machine.
The motor generator 41 is an AC power generator and is connected to the engine 3 through a transmission member 34 such as a V-belt or the like. The motor generator 41 is driven by power generated in the engine 3 and transmitted through the transmission member 34 and generates electricity. Moreover, when the rotation number of the engine is lowered due to an overload or when rapid acceleration response is required, for example, the motor generator 41 generates a rotary force by power supplied from the battery pack 42, transmits the rotary force to the engine 3 through the transmission member 34, and assists or supports a torque of the engine 3. Details thereof will be described later.
The battery pack 42 is a lithium-ion battery, for example, and is electrically connected to the motor generator 41. The battery pack 42 of this embodiment is an example of the “battery” of the present invention. The battery pack 42 is electrically connected to the motor generator 41 by a 48-V system line, for example, and stores electricity generated by the motor generator 41. That is, the battery pack 42 performs charging by power generation of the motor generator 41. Moreover, the battery pack 42 supplies the stored electricity to the motor generator 41. That is, the battery pack 42 discharges when the motor generator 41 requires electricity and supplies power to the motor generator 41.
The DC/DC converter 43 is electrically connected to the battery pack 42 by a high-voltage system line such as 48V or 24V, for example, and converts a high-voltage DC current discharged from the battery pack 42 to a low-voltage DC current such as 12V. Moreover, the DC/DC converter 43 is electrically connected to a lead battery 72 by a low-voltage system line, for example. The electricity which was converted by the DC/DC converter 43 from the high-voltage DC current to the low-voltage DC current is stored in the lead battery 72. The electricity stored in the lead battery 72 is supplied to an electric load 73 such as a light, an electric heater, a wiper and the like of the industrial machine.
As described above, the industrial machine on which the hybrid system 2A according to this embodiment is mounted has the accelerator pedal 65. The accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 detects an input of the accelerator pedal 65, that is, an accelerator opening degree and transmits a signal related to the accelerator opening degree to the control unit 5 by the CAN communication line.
The control unit 5 includes an ECU (electronic control unit or engine control unit) and an HCU (Hybrid Control Unit: hybrid control unit) and controls the hybrid system 2A. The HCU may be provided integrally with the ECU or may be provided separately from the ECU.
The control unit 5 performs calculation by acquiring various types of information or by receiving various signals, generates control signals which control operations of components such as the engine 3, the motor generator 41, the battery pack 42 and the like, and transmit them to each component by electric communication lines including the CAN. For example, the control unit 5 gives drive instructions to each component by transmitting the control signal to each component by the electric communication line by calculating a fuel injection amount of the engine 3, by calculating a target air amount of the engine 3, by determining the operation mode of the hybrid system 2A, or by determining a control parameter of the engine 3.
The operation modes of the hybrid system 2A include, for example, a torque split operation, a torque assist operation, a regeneration operation and the like. The torque split operation is an operation of distributing the torque of the engine 3 and the torque of the motor generator 41 so as to bring the charging rate of the battery pack 42 to a target value. The torque assist operation is an operation in which the motor generator 41 assists or supports the torque of the engine 3. The regeneration operation is an operation of stopping fuel injection of the engine 3 and of charging the battery pack 42 by the motor generator 41. Details of the operation modes of the hybrid system 2A will be described later.
When constituent elements of the hybrid system 2B according to the second embodiment are similar to the constituent elements of the hybrid system 2A according to the first embodiment described above in relation with
The hybrid system 2B according to this embodiment is, similarly to the hybrid system 2A described above in relation with
An operator of the industrial machine on which the hybrid system 2B is mounted gives an instruction of a certain engine rotation number by the hand accelerator 62 in order to perform a work at the certain engine rotation number. The hand accelerator 62 is a dial switch, for example, and receives the certain rotation number of the engine 3 input by the operator in accordance with an operation of the operator to the hand accelerator 62 and transmits a rotation-number signal instructing the certain rotation number of the engine 3 to the control unit 5 by the CAN communication line. The hand accelerator 62 of this embodiment is an example of a “rotation-number instruction unit” of the present invention. The “rotation-number instruction unit” of the present invention is not limited only to the hand accelerator 62.
The other constituent elements are similar to the constituent elements of the hybrid system 2A according to the first embodiment described above in relation with
In the following description, for convenience of explanation, the hybrid system 2A according to the first embodiment and the hybrid system 2B according to the second embodiment are called the “hybrid system 2” as a concept containing the both in some cases. As described in relation with
Subsequently, the control unit 5 of this embodiment will be further described by referring to the figures.
The control unit 5 of this embodiment has a calculation unit 51, a storage unit 52, and a communication unit 53. The calculation unit 51 executes various calculations and processing by reading out a program 521 stored in the storage unit 52. The storage unit 52 stores (holds in a storage) the program 521 executed by the calculation unit 51 and map data 522 used when the system required torque and the engine required torque, which will be described later, are to be calculated. Details of the map data 522 will be described later. The data stored in the storage unit 52 is not limited to the program 521 and the map data 522. As the storage unit 52, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory) and the like are cited. The program 521 is not limited to being stored in the storage unit 52, but it may be stored in a recording medium which can be read by the calculation unit 51 in advance and distributed or it may be downloaded to the control unit 5 via a network. Moreover, the storage unit 52 may be an external storage device connected to the control unit 5.
The calculation unit 51 has a fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511, a system required-torque calculation unit 512, an engine required-torque calculation unit 513, a motor required-torque calculation unit 514, an operation-mode determination unit 515, and an engine control-parameter determination unit 516. The calculation unit 51 may have a target air-amount calculation unit (not shown) instead of or together with the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511. The fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511, the system required-torque calculation unit 512, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514, the operation-mode determination unit 515, the engine control-parameter determination unit 516, and the target air-amount calculation unit are realized by execution of the program 521 stored in the storage unit 52 by the calculation unit 51. The fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511, the system required-torque calculation unit 512, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514, the operation-mode determination unit 515, the engine control-parameter determination unit 516, and the target air-amount calculation unit may be realized by hardware or may be realized by combination of the hardware and software.
The calculation unit 51 calculates a torque determining factor for determining the system required torque as the hybrid system 2 on the basis of at least either one of an accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and a rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. The torque determining factor includes the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 and the target air amount of the engine 3. In other words, the “fuel injection amount” and the “target air amount” in this embodiment are examples of the “torque determining factor” of the present invention. That is, the calculation unit 51 may calculate the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 or may calculate the target air amount of the engine on the basis of at least either one of an accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and a rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. In the following description, a case in which the “torque determining factor” is the “fuel injection amount” is cited as an example.
The fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of at least either one of an accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and a rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. That is, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 can calculate the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 or can calculate the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. Alternatively, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 can calculate the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of both the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. Moreover, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. As described above, the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 in this embodiment is an example of the “torque determining factor” of the present invention.
The system required-torque calculation unit 512 calculates the system required torque as the hybrid system 2. Specifically, the system required-torque calculation unit 512 calculates the system required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511. For example, the system required-torque calculation unit 512 calculates the system required torque on the basis of the map data 522 indicating the relationship of the rotation number of the engine 3, the fuel injection amount of the engine 3, and the torque of the engine 3. The system required-torque calculation unit 512 is not limited to the calculation of the system required torque on the basis of the map data 522 but may calculate the system required torque on the basis of a formula, a graph or the like indicating the relationship of the rotation number of the engine 3, the fuel injection amount of the engine 3, and the torque of the engine 3, for example.
The engine required-torque calculation unit 513 calculates the engine required torque for the engine 3. Specifically, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511. For example, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 corrects the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 and calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount after the correction. For example, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 corrects the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 and then, calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the map data 522 indicating the relationship of the rotation number of the engine 3, the fuel injection amount of the engine 3, and the torque of the engine 3. The engine required-torque calculation unit 513 is not limited to the calculation of the engine required torque on the basis of the map data 522 but may calculate the engine required torque on the basis of a formula, a graph and the like indicating the relationship of the rotation number of the engine 3, the fuel injection amount of the engine 3, and the rotation number of the engine 3 after the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 is corrected, for example.
The motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque for the motor generator 41. Specifically, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque on the basis of the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. More specifically, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque on the basis of the system required torque calculated by the system required-torque calculation unit 512, the engine required torque calculated by the engine required-torque calculation unit 513, and the charging rate (SOC: State Of Charge) of the battery pack 42.
The operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the operation mode of the hybrid system 2. That is, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines which of the operation modes, that is, the regeneration operation, the torque assist operation, and the torque split operation is to be performed as the operation mode of the hybrid system 2. Specifically, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 on the basis of the system required torque calculated by the system required-torque calculation unit 512, the engine required torque calculated by the engine required-torque calculation unit 513, and the charging rate of the battery pack 42. Alternatively, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 on the basis of the system required torque calculated by the system required-torque calculation unit 512, the engine required torque calculated by the engine required-torque calculation unit 513, the charging rate of the battery pack 42, and the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31.
The engine control-parameter determination unit 516 determines the control parameter of the engine 3 on the basis of the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 calculated on the basis of the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515 and the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31. In other words, the engine control-parameter determination unit 516 determines the control parameter of the engine 3 on the basis of the fuel injection amount written back (that is, converted) on the basis of the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515 and the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31. As the control parameter of the engine 3, an injection pattern of the engine 3, an injection timing of the engine 3, and an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valve opening degree and the like can be cited, for example.
The communication unit 53 conducts communication with the engine 3 including the rotation sensor 31, at least either one of the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and the hand accelerator 62, the motor generator 41, the battery pack 42, and the DC/DC converter 43 via an electric communication line and performs transmission/reception of various types of information and various signals.
Here, as described above in relation with
On the other hand, the control unit 5 (specifically, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511) of the hybrid system 2 according to this embodiment calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. Then, the control unit 5 (specifically, the system required-torque calculation unit 512) calculates the system required torque as the hybrid system 2 on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511. Moreover, the control unit 5 (specifically, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513) calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511. For example, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 corrects the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 and calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount after the correction.
According to the hybrid system 2 according to this embodiment, even when the hybrid system 2 is mounted on an industrial machine not including the accelerator pedal 65, for example, or even if the control unit 5 is not installed in the components other than the engine 3, the control unit 5 of this embodiment can calculate the more proper system required torque and engine required torque. As a result, the hybrid system 2 according to this embodiment can calculate the more proper system required torque and engine required torque while the input factors which can be used when calculating the system required torque are limited. Moreover, the control unit 5 (specifically, the operation-mode determination unit 515) can determine the more proper operation mode on the basis of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque. As a result, the hybrid system 2 according to this embodiment can calculate the more proper operation mode while the input factors which can be used when determining the operation mode are limited.
Moreover, the control unit 5 (specifically, the operation-mode determination unit 515) determines the operation mode on the basis not only of the relationship between the system required torque and the engine required torque but further of the charging rate of the battery pack 42 connected to the motor generator 41. Therefore, the hybrid system 2 can determine the more proper operation mode while the input factors which can be used when determining the operation mode are limited.
Subsequently, the operation of the hybrid system according to this embodiment will be described by referring to the figures.
First, at Step S11, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. The fuel injection amount calculated at Step S11 is the fuel injection amount before correction in order to avoid excessive emission of particulate matters (PM: Particulate Matter) contained in the exhaust gas or to avoid excess of a limit value by an output of the engine 3 is conducted. Then, the system required-torque calculation unit 512 calculates the system required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount (that is, the fuel injection amount before the correction) calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511.
Subsequently, at Step S12, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 corrects the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 in order to avoid excessive emission of the particulate matters contained in the exhaust gas and to avoid excess of the limit value by the output of the engine 3 and finally determines the maximum fuel injection amount. Then, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount after the correction.
Subsequently, at Step S13, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the operation mode (the regeneration operation, the torque assist operation, the torque split operation) of the hybrid system 2 on the basis of the system required torque calculated by the system required-torque calculation unit 512 and the engine required torque calculated by the engine required-torque calculation unit 513. Alternatively, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 on the basis of the system required torque calculated by the system required-torque calculation unit 512, the engine required torque calculated by the engine required-torque calculation unit 513, and the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31. Moreover, the operation-mode determination unit 515 adjusts the charging rate of the battery pack 42 by determining the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 further on the basis of the charging rate (SOC) of the battery pack 42. The calculation and processing at Step S13 are executed by the HCU, for example.
Subsequently, at Step S14, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. That is, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 writes back (that is, converts) the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515.
Moreover, at Step S15, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque on the basis of the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. Then, the control unit 5 transmits a signal related to the motor required torque calculated by the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 to the motor generator 41 and gives an instruction to the motor generator 41.
Subsequently, at Step S16, the engine control-parameter determination unit 516 determines the control parameter of the engine 3 on the basis of the fuel injection amount written back by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 and the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31.
Subsequently, at Step S17, the control unit 5 transmits a signal related to the control parameter determined by the engine control-parameter determination unit 516 and gives a drive instruction to each device.
According to the hybrid system 2 according to this embodiment, the control unit 5 corrects the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 and calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount after the correction. As a result, when the rotation number of the engine 3 is lowered due to an overload or when rapid acceleration response is required, for example, the torque assist operation can be performed while the particulate matters contained in the exhaust gas are reduced.
As shown in
If an error has not occurred in the hybrid system 2 (Step S21: NO), at Step S23, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of at least either one of the accelerator opening degree detected by the accelerator opening-degree sensor 61 and the rotation-number signal transmitted by the hand accelerator 62. Then, the system required-torque calculation unit 512 calculates the system required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount (that is, the fuel injection amount before the correction) calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511. Moreover, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 corrects the fuel injection amount calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 and calculates the engine required torque on the basis of the rotation number of the engine 3 detected by the rotation sensor 31 and the fuel injection amount after the correction. The “fuel injection amount before the correction” and the “fuel injection amount after the correction” are as described above in relation with
That is, the map data 522 shown in
On the lateral axis, a relatively right side is a side where the rotation number of the engine 3 is relatively high, and a relatively left side is a side where the rotation number of the engine 3 is relatively low. Moreover, on the vertical axis, a relatively lower side is a side where the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 is relatively larger, and a relatively upper side is a side where the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 is relatively smaller.
In the description of this embodiment, as shown in
In this case, the system required-torque calculation unit 512 calculates a system required torque T38 on the basis of the rotation number R3 of the engine 3 and the fuel injection amount Q8 before the correction. Subsequently, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 corrects the fuel injection amount Q8 calculated by the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 in order to avoid excessive emission of the particulate matters contained in the exhaust gas and to avoid excess of the limit value by the output of the engine 3 and finally determines a maximum fuel injection amount Q5. The fuel injection amount Q5 is an example of the “fuel injection amount after the correction”. Subsequently, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 calculates an engine required torque T35 on the basis of the rotation number R3 of the engine 3 and the fuel injection amount Q5 after the correction. As described above, the control unit 5 of this embodiment calculates the system required torque T38 and the engine required torque T35 on the basis of the map data 522 stored in the storage unit 52 in advance.
As shown in
At Step S24, when all the conditions of “system required torque T38<threshold value Th1” and of “charging rate of the battery pack 42<threshold value Th2” are satisfied (Step S24: YES), at Step S25, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the regeneration operation as the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 and performs the regeneration operation.
For example, when all the conditions of “system required torque T38<threshold value Th1” and of “charging rate of the battery pack 42<threshold value Th2” are satisfied such as when the industrial machine on which the hybrid system 2 is mounted goes down on a slope in a state of the acceleration off, at Step S25, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the regeneration operation as the operation mode of the hybrid system 2.
Then, at Step S25, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the operation mode (regeneration operation at Step S25) of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. Specifically, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 sets the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 to zero. In other words, the engine required-torque calculation unit 513 sets the engine required torque to zero. Moreover, at Step S25, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque on the basis of the operation mode (regeneration operation at Step S25) of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. Specifically, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque for charging the battery pack 42 by the motor generator 41. That is, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 sets the motor required torque to zero.
On the other hand, at Step S24, if at least either one of the conditions of “system required torque T38<threshold value Th1” and of “charging rate of the battery pack 42<threshold value Th2” is not satisfied (Step S24: NO), at Step S31, the control unit 5 determines whether the system required torque T38 is larger than the engine required torque T35 and the charging rate of the battery pack 42 is larger than the threshold value Th2 or not.
At Step S31, when all the conditions of “system required torque T38>engine required torque T35” and of “charging rate of the battery pack 42>threshold value Th2” are satisfied (Step S31: YES), at Step S32, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the torque assist operation as the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 and performs the torque assist operation.
For example, when all the conditions of “system required torque T38>engine required torque T35” and of “charging rate of the battery pack 42>threshold value Th2” are satisfied such as when the industrial machine on which the hybrid system 2 is mounted goes up on a slope, and the rotation number of the engine 3 is lowered due to an overload or when the rapid acceleration response is required or the like, at Step S32, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the torque assist operation as the operation mode of the hybrid system 2.
Then, at Step S32, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the operation mode (torque assist operation at Step S32) of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. Moreover, at Step S32, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque on the basis of the operation mode (torque assist operation at Step S32) of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. Specifically, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque on the basis of the difference between the system required torque T38 and the engine required torque T35. That is, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque for the motor generator 41 to assist the torque of the engine 3. As a result, the hybrid system 2 can improve a work by the industrial machine on which the hybrid system 2 is mounted.
On the other hand, at Step S31, if at least either one of the conditions of “system required torque T38>engine required torque T35” and of “charging rate of the battery pack 42>threshold value Th2” is not satisfied, or in other words, at least either one of the conditions of “system required torque T38≤engine required torque T35” and “charging rate of the battery pack 42≤threshold value Th2” is satisfied (Step S31: NO), at Step S33, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the torque split operation as the operation mode of the hybrid system 2 and performs the torque split operation.
For example, when at least either one of the conditions of “system required torque T38>engine required torque T35” and of “charging rate of the battery pack 42>threshold value Th2” is not satisfied such as when the industrial machine on which the hybrid system 2 is mounted travels on a flat ground, at Step S33, the operation-mode determination unit 515 determines the torque split operation as the operation mode of the hybrid system 2.
Then, at Step S33, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 on the basis of the operation mode (torque split operation at Step S33) of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515. Moreover, at Step S33, the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque on the basis of the operation mode (torque split operation at Step S33) of the hybrid system 2 determined by the operation-mode determination unit 515.
Specifically, a case in which the system required torque is 100 N·m, and the engine 3 can generate the torque of 150 N·m is cited as an example, for example. In this case, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount for generating the torque of 100 N·m in the engine 3, for example. Alternatively, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 sets the fuel injection amount of the engine 3 to zero, and the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque for the motor generator 41 to assist the torque of 100 N·m for the engine 3. Alternatively, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount for generating the torque of 50 N·m in the engine 3, and the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the motor required torque for the motor generator 41 to assist the torque of 50 N·m for the engine 3, for example. Alternatively, the fuel injection-amount calculation unit 511 calculates the fuel injection amount for generating the torque of 130 N·m in the engine 3, and the motor required-torque calculation unit 514 calculates the torque of excessive 30 N·m in the engine 3 as the motor required torque for charging the battery pack 42 by the motor generator 41, for example.
As described above, if at least either one of the conditions of “system required torque T38>engine required torque T35” and of “charging rate of battery pack 42>threshold value Th2” is not satisfied (Step S31: NO), the control unit 5 can bring the charging rate of the battery pack 42 closer to the target value by distributing the torque of the engine 3 and the torque of the motor generator 41.
Subsequently to Step S25, Step S32, and Step S33, the control unit 5 ends the operation of the hybrid system 2.
According to the specific examples described in relation with
Moreover, the control unit 5 calculates the system required torque T38 and the engine required torque T35 on the basis of the map data 522 stored in the storage unit 52 in advance. Therefore, the control unit 5 can calculate the more proper system required torque T38 and engine required torque T35 while reducing the processing time for calculating the system required torque T38 and the engine required torque T35.
Moreover, the control unit 5 determines the operation mode on the basis not only of the relationship between the system required torque T38 and the engine required torque T35 but further of the charging rate of the battery pack 42 connected to the motor generator 41. Therefore, the control unit 5 can determine the more proper operation mode while the input factors which can be used when determining the operation mode are limited.
The lateral axis of the graph shown in
As shown in
Therefore, the control unit 5 can cause the system required torque larger than the torque generated only by the engine 3 to be generated by executing the torque-assist operation as the more proper operation mode even when the rotation number of the engine 3 is relatively low. As a result, the fuel consumption can be improved while suppressing the emission of the engine 3 and reducing the particulate matters contained in the exhaust gas.
The embodiment of the present invention has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiment but is capable of various changes within a range not departing from the scope of claims. The configuration of the embodiment described above can be partially omitted or arbitrarily combined so as to be different from the above.
As described in relation with
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-197608 | Nov 2020 | JP | national |
| 2020-197609 | Nov 2020 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/039180 | 10/22/2021 | WO |
