Patent Grant
10462993
This invention relates to the field of plant breeding. In particular, this invention relates to a new tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, variety denominated ‘H1422’.
Breeding improved tomato varieties involves providing genetics that give an advantage to the grower, processor, consumer, or other member of the supply chain. The improvement may be in the form of field performance, disease resistance, factory performance, or a fruit quality characteristic. For a tomato variety to be suitable to be grown for processing, the variety must have a concentrated fruit setting and maturity, firm fruit, and sufficient rot tolerance to allow early fruit to remain rot-free while later fruit continues to develop and ripen.
Most commercial processing tomato varieties are hybrids resulting from a cross pollination of two true-breeding, inbred parents. Through the use of true-breeding lines, a hybrid is produced that often displays characteristics of each parent, and often demonstrates characteristics that are superior to either parent alone, or that allow a hybrid to mask inadequacies of the individual parents.
Processing tomato varieties combining high levels of tolerance to bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganense ssp. michiganense), early blight (Alternaria solani), and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas spp.) are highly desirable in humid climates where these diseases present production issues.
Moreover, tomato varieties adapted to arid climates, combining resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and race 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, are desirable to the processing industry in California and other global tomato processing regions where these disease limit production. Additionally, tomato varieties adapted to arid climates that combine resistance to TSWV with high levels of soluble solids (°Brix), thin viscosity, and strong yields are also highly desirable for the California processing industry.
Further, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 3 (Fusarium 3) is a growing problem in the California tomato growing region and in other production areas worldwide, such as the Dominican Republic and Mexico. Productive, adapted varieties have been in demand by growers and processors since the mid 1990's with resistance to this pathogen. The disease has become a major limiting factor in tomato production in some California fields. Growers and processors need a range of tomato varieties with Fusarium 3 resistance, since products specifications vary in regards to juice viscosity, soluble solids content, field storage, and general field adaptability.
An additional important contribution that tomatoes provide to the human diet is the antioxidant lycopene. Specifically, processing tomato varieties are the key form of tomato intake in the US diet. Higher levels of lycopene are beneficial both from a nutritional standpoint and from a consumer perception and quality standpoint. Tomato varieties having higher levels of lycopene result in products with a deeper red color that can be considered an indicator of higher product quality. Thus, a tomato variety with higher levels of lycopene can be valuable from both a nutritional standpoint and a quality standpoint. However, to be commercially viable and useful, the tomato variety must perform acceptably as required by any other processing tomato variety. Previous varieties with increased lycopene levels have shown severe reductions in fruit quality, firmness, yield, and a sensitivity to fruit rots.
In order to meet these needs, the present invention provides improved tomato variety ‘H1422’.
In particular, the present invention provides improved tomato variety ‘H1422’, which carries the I-3 gene that confers resistance to Fusarium 3. The ‘H1422’ variety is also resistant to verticillium race 1, Fusarium races 1 and 2, bacterial speck race 0, and root knot nematode. Fruit and processing characteristics are a smooth peelable fruit of approximately 83 grams that, when processed into juice, result in a high viscosity product with moderate soluble solids content.
The characteristics that determine the quality of tomato fruit used for processing are different from that of tomato fruit used for the fresh market. Processing characteristics are commonly tested on samples of tomato pulp or juice produced in a way that is well known in the art. For example, a fixed mass of tomatoes may be cooked in a microwave oven for several minutes to halt any enzymatic breakdown of the sample, lost water is replaced, and the sample is pulped to remove skin and seeds to produce a uniform juice sample. The juice sample can be analyzed for various quality parameters important to processing tomato including, but not limited to, gross viscosity measurements such as juice Bostwick, soluble solids measurements using a refractometer (°Brix), measurements of acidity and pH, and measurements of color via a Hunter a/b score. The Hunter a/b score is an international industry and USDA standard color measurement of tomato products that provides a representation of the color of the product in a single dimensionless unit. The “a” value represents color on the green to red dimension whereas “b” represents the blue to yellow dimension; a higher a/b ratio is associated with more red color and is often considered a superior product.
Tomato varieties contain varying levels of lycopene (Garcia and Barrett, 2006). Lycopene content of tomato juice can be measured using a protocol developed by Anthon and Barrett (2001), which involves an ethanol/hexane extraction followed by quantification using reflectance at 503 nm.
As used herein, tomato variety ‘H1422’, tomato plant ‘H1422’, tomato seed ‘H1422’, and ‘H1422’ all refer to the hybrid tomato variety ‘H1422’, and parts and seeds thereof, having ATCC Accession Number PTA-124123.
Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention is directed to tomato seed designated as ‘H1422’ having ATCC Accession Number PTA-124123. In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a tomato plant and parts isolated therefrom produced by growing ‘H1422’ tomato seed. In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a tomato plant and parts isolated therefrom having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of a tomato plant produced by growing ‘H1422’ tomato seed having ATCC Accession Number PTA-124123. In still another embodiment, the present invention is directed to an F1 hybrid tomato seed, plants grown from the seed, and leaves, ovules, pollen, fruit, cotyledons, embryos, meristems, anthers, roots, root tips, pistils, flowers, stems, calli, stalks, hypocotyls, and pericarps isolated therefrom having ‘H1422’ as a parent, wherein ‘H1422’ is grown from ‘H1422’ tomato seed having ATCC Accession Number PTA-124123.
Tomato plant parts include leaves, ovules, pollen, fruit, cotyledons, embryos, meristems, anthers, roots, root tips, pistils, flowers, stems, calli, stalks, hypocotyls, pericarps, and the like. In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to tomato fruit, stems, leaves, parts of leaves, roots, root tips, pollen, ovules, and flowers isolated from ‘H1422’ tomato plants. In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to tissue culture or cells derived from ‘H1422’ tomato plants.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to a method of selecting tomato plants by a) growing ‘H1422’ tomato plants wherein the ‘H1422’ plants are grown from tomato seed having ATCC Accession Number PTA-124123; and b) selecting a plant from step a). In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to tomato plants, plant parts and seeds produced by the tomato plants, where the tomato plants are isolated by the selection method of the invention.
In another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to a method of breeding tomato plants by crossing a tomato plant with a plant grown from ‘H1422’ tomato seed having ATCC Accession Number PTA-124123. In still another embodiment, the present invention is further directed to tomato plants, tomato parts from the tomato plants, and seeds produced therefrom where the tomato plant is isolated by the breeding method of the invention.
The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
The FIGURE illustrates fruit and general plant structure of tomato variety ‘H1422’.
Described herein is a new and distinct tomato plant variety named ‘H1422’. Agronomically, ‘H1422’ is unique in that in addition to its resistance to root knot nematode, verticillium wilt race 1, bacterial speck race 0, and Fusarium races 1 and 2, it also carries the I-3 gene for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 3. Such resistance in a processing tomato variety is uncommon. The variety has a medium-thick hot-break tomato juice viscosity similar to that of ‘H5608’, making it suitable for medium viscosity tomato paste and/or sauce production. ‘H1422’ is also very suitable for processing as a whole peeled and diced tomato product, since the fruit are about 83 grams and smooth shaped, very firm with thick interior walls. Field yield is good, but typically lower than ‘H5608’ in the absence of disease pressure from Fusarium race 3. The plant has a dark foliage color and moderate leaf roll providing good protection from sunburn. Its maturity time until ready for machine harvest is considered later than most varieties.
Stability of the ‘H1422’ Tomato Variety
The tomato variety ‘H1422’ is uniform and stable within commercially acceptable limits. As is true with other tomato varieties, a small percentage of variants can occur within commercially acceptable limits for almost any characteristic during the course of repeated multiplication. However no variants were observed during the two years in which the variety was observed to be uniform and stable. Tomato variety ‘H1422’ can be repeatedly reproduced using the parents which, too, are stable and true breeding.
Characterization of the ‘H1422’ Tomato Variety
Seedling
Commercial varieties that are most similar to ‘H1422’ include ‘H8504’ and ‘H5608’, as these varieties each are suitable for the high viscosity tomato paste market in California, USA. ‘H1422’ can be distinguished from both ‘H8504’ and ‘H5608’ by several characteristics; most notably by the presence of resistance to Fusarium race 3 in ‘H1422’, whereas ‘H8504’ and ‘H5608’ are both susceptible. This resistance is of significant value in fields and regions where the pathogen limits field productivity. Additionally, the vine habit of ‘H1422’ is smaller and more compact than that of both ‘H8504’ and ‘H5608’, which are considered to be large to very large vines. Fruit yield is lower in ‘H1422’ than the similar varieties grown in fields without significant pressure from Fusarium race 3. Fruit size is similar, but slightly larger in ‘H1422’. Internal fruit color is notably better in ‘H1422’ than in ‘H8504’. ‘H5608’ is not considered to carry the extended field storage (EFS) trait which reduces the sensitivity of ripe fruit to rotting, while ‘H8504’ is considered EFS. ‘H1422’ has an intermediate level of fruit rot sensitivity. Because of its smooth fruit shape and thick walls, ‘H1422’ is more suitable for peeled products than ‘H8504’.
Additional methods include, without limitation, chasing selfs. Chasing selfs involves identifying inbred plants among tomato plants that have been grown from hybrid tomato seed. Once the seed is planted, the inbred plants may be identified and selected due to their decreased vigor relative to the hybrid plants that grow from the hybrid seed, or by enzymatic or DNA patterns. By locating the inbred plants, isolating them from the rest of the plants, and self-pollinating them (i.e., “chasing selfs”), a breeder can obtain an inbred line that is identical to an inbred parent used to produce the hybrid.
Accordingly, another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing an inbred tomato variety by: planting seed of the tomato variety ‘H1422’; growing plants from the seed; identifying one or more inbred tomato plants; controlling pollination in a manner which preserves homozygosity of the one or more inbred plants; and harvesting resultant seed from the one or more inbred plants. The step of identifying the one or more inbred tomato plants may further include identifying plants with decreased vigor, i.e., plants that appear less robust than plants of the tomato variety ‘H1422’. Tomato plants capable of expressing substantially all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the parental inbred lines of tomato variety ‘H1422’ include tomato plants obtained by chasing selfs from seed of tomato variety ‘H1422’.
One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that once a breeder has obtained inbred tomato plants by chasing selfs from seed of tomato variety ‘H1422’, the breeder can then produce new inbred plants such as by sib-pollinating, or by crossing one of the identified inbred tomato plant with a plant of the tomato variety ‘H1422’.
A deposit of tomato variety ‘H1422’ is maintained by HeinzSeed Company, having an address at 6755 C. E. Dixon, Stockton, Calif. 95206, United States of America. Access to the deposit will be available during the pendency of this application to persons determined by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.F.R. § 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. § 122. Upon allowance of any claims in this application, all restrictions on the availability to the public of variety ‘H1422’ will be irrevocably removed by affording access to a deposit of at least 2,500 seeds of the variety with the American Type Culture Collection, (ATCC), ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va., 20110, USA.
At least 2,500 seeds of tomato variety ‘H1422’ were deposited on Apr. 18, 2017 according to the Budapest Treaty in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va., 20110, USA. The deposit has been assigned ATCC number PTA-124123. Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of this application to persons determined by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.F.R. § 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. § 122. Upon allowance of any claims in this application, all restrictions on the availability to the public of the variety will be irrevocably removed.
The deposit will be maintained in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if the deposit becomes nonviable during that period.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/227,906, filed Aug. 3, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,238,048, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/201,499, filed Aug. 5, 2015, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140109254 | Schroeder | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180116152 A1 | May 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62201499 | Aug 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15227906 | Aug 2016 | US |
| Child | 15855339 | US |
