Patent Application
20200362887
Hydraulic actuators that are used in particular for manoeuvring landing gear of aircraft, comprising a cylinder in which a piston is mounted so as to slide, are known. The piston delimits in the cylinder a hydraulic extension chamber and a hydraulic retraction chamber that are connected to a hydraulic circuit by respective ports. This type of actuator can be equipped with an end-of-travel slowing device for slowing the movement of the rod during retraction of the rod on approaching the stop. To this end, the port associated with the extension chamber opens out at the end wall of a cavity formed in the end of the cylinder. The rod has a protrusion which, on approaching the end-of-travel stop, slots precisely into the cavity, forcing the fluid still contained in the extension chamber to flow through the annular space left between the protrusion and the wall of the cavity, causing an increase in pressure in the extension chamber that brakes the piston and helps to slow the rod before it arrives at the stop.
This slowing device requires a high level of machining precision and finely calibrated functional clearances. It is also sensitive to temperature variations since the annular flow is essentially laminar while it is turbulent at high temperatures, bringing about a significant variation in the damping factor.
The object of the invention is to propose a telescopic hydraulic actuator equipped with means for slowing the rod at the end of travel that are simple to implement and not very temperature sensitive.
In order to realize this function, a hydraulic actuator is proposed, comprising a cylinder in which a piston secured to a rod is mounted so as to slide in a sealed manner in order to delimit in the cylinder a hydraulic extension chamber and a hydraulic retraction chamber that are connected to respective ports, the hydraulic actuator comprising means for slowing the piston when the piston approaches a retracted position. According to the invention, the slowing means comprise first and second hydraulic lines extending from the extension port to the extension chamber, the first hydraulic line comprising a seat while the piston bears a retractable finger having an end that comes to bear against the seat in order to close the first hydraulic line when the piston approaches the retracted position, such that only the second hydraulic line remains open while the piston completes its travel towards the retracted position.
Thus, when the finger comes to bear against the seat, the first hydraulic line is closed and the fluid is forced to flow through the second line, thereby reducing the flow cross section for the fluid and thus exerting a resistance that slows the piston completing its travel towards the retracted position. The finger thus retracts gradually into the piston during the movement of the latter, while remaining in abutment against the seat.
This arrangement is very simple to implement and does not require the execution of precise functional clearances. It is enough to allow the finger to float transversely so as to allow it to centre itself in the seat and to ensure closure which, if not sealed, is at least great enough to, in practice, force the fluid to pass through the second line.
According to a particular arrangement of the invention, the hydraulic lines extend in an end wall of the cylinder. Thus, preferably, the seat is attached to the end wall of the cylinder.
Alternatively, the hydraulic lines are provided in a fitted diaphragm or in a calibrated hole in the end wall of the cylinder.
Preferably, the finger is mounted on the piston so as to slide along a central axis of the cylinder.
According to another particular arrangement of the invention, the end of the finger is conical so as to allow better guidance.
The finger is retractable counter to the action of return means that push the finger towards a position protruding from the piston. A drain is also provided in the body to avoid trapping the pressure between the rod and the body of the retractable finger.
According to yet another particular arrangement of the invention, the seat is preceded by a ferrule intended to cooperate with the end of the finger before the latter comes to bear against the seat in order to gradually reduce a flow cross section of the first hydraulic line and to allow (conical or circular) centring.
The invention will be understood better in the light of the following description of the figures of the appended drawings, in which:
With reference to
According to the invention, the extension port P is connected to the extension chamber 5 by a first hydraulic line 7 with a large enough diameter to only bring about minor pressure losses, and a second hydraulic line 8 with a smaller diameter, voluntarily forming a constriction for the passage of the fluid.
Furthermore, the piston 2 bears a finger 10 mounted on the piston 2 so as to slide, in this case along the longitudinal axis X, counter to the action of a spring 11 that returns the finger towards a protruding position defined by the cooperation of a flange 16 protruding from an end portion of the finger 10 with a shoulder of a cavity 17 of the piston 2 that holds the spring 11 and said end portion of the finger 10. The first hydraulic line 7 comprises a seat 13 attached to the second end wall 3 and disposed facing a conical end 14 of the finger 10. The finger 10, the spring 11, the seat 13, and the two hydraulic lines 7, 8 together form the slowing device of the invention, the functioning of which will now be described in detail.
When pressurized fluid is admitted into the retraction chamber 6, the piston 2 moves towards the second end wall 3. As long as the piston 2 is at a distance from the second end wall 3, as illustrated in
As the piston 2 continues its travel, the end 14 of the finger 10 comes to bear against the seat 13, as illustrated in
The piston 2 then continues its travel at a reduced speed as far as the retracted position illustrated in
In order to ensure proper closure of the first hydraulic line 7, all that is necessary is to provide axial guidance of the finger 10 in the piston 2 in a sufficiently floating manner to allow the end 14 of the finger 10 to centre itself in the seat 13. In practice, an end 14 that is long enough to facilitate this self-centring will be provided. The calibration of the constriction provided in the second hydraulic line 8 can be obtained by a hole with a calibrated diameter in this second line, or by the use of a suitable constrictor. It is appropriate to allow easy evacuation of the fluid contained in the cavity 17 during the retraction of the finger 10, in order to avoid an increase in the pressure of the fluid in the cavity 17, which could cause a damping phenomenon resisting the retraction of the finger 10. Similarly, it is appropriate to calibrate the stiffness of the spring 11 to ensure that the end 14 of the finger 10 bears properly against the seat 13, without otherwise generating a shock upon contact, which would prematurely wear the seat 13.
When it is necessary to withdraw the rod 4, pressurized fluid is admitted through the extension port P. The fluid pushes the finger 10 back counter to the action of the spring 11, such that the fluid can pass into the extension chamber through the first hydraulic line 7.
According to an embodiment variant illustrated in
According to another embodiment variant that is illustrated in
The gradual slope makes it possible to limit the speed of the piston, by creating gradual damping, and thus the increase in pressure in the main extension chamber when the sliding piston arrives on the seat contained in the bearing. The flow of the fluid thus decreases more gradually than when there is no slope.
Advantageously, the internal shape of the ferrule is designed to also guide the finger. Effectively, the dimensional tolerances of several parts need to be taken into account to ensure that the finger arrives on the seat. Such a shape makes it possible to reduce machining uncertainties and the accuracy classes required for machining the parts. The slope and the seat will preferably be provided in the same part in order to allow better control of the sliding, the guidance and especially the sealing.
Once the finger is bearing on the seat, the fluid is forced to pass via the diaphragm, the hydraulic diameter of which is small, creating turbulent flow, as in a thin wall orifice.
The invention is not limited to what has just been described, but rather encompasses any variant that falls within the scope defined by the claims.
In particular, although the finger is in this case disposed on the piston in order to slide and retract along the longitudinal axis X, the finger could be disposed so as to slide along any other axis parallel to the longitudinal axis X.
Although in this case the finger 10 has a conical end 14, this end could be given any shape that is able to cooperate with the facing seat in order to close the first hydraulic line 7.
The cross-sectional constriction may be machined into the body of the cylinder or the diaphragm, or be added thereto.
The actuator of the invention is particularly advantageous for use in aircraft landing gear, in particular for manoeuvring this landing gear between the down position and the up position of the landing gear. The actuator of the invention can also be used as an actuator for moving a movable element with respect to a fixed element of an aircraft, for example a movable flight surface, a fairing of a thrust reverser, etc. Nevertheless, other applications of the actuator of the invention are conceivable, for example as an actuator on ships or terrestrial motor vehicles.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19 04966 | May 2019 | FR | national |
