Patent Grant
11897736
This application claims the priority, under 35 U.S.C. § 119, of German Patent Application DE 10 2021 203 701.1, filed Apr. 14, 2021; the prior application is herewith incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The invention relates to a hydraulic actuator for a locking device of a telescopic boom, in particular a telescopic boom for a mobile crane. In addition, the invention also relates to such a locking device. The invention furthermore also relates to such a telescopic boom. In addition, the invention relates to a mobile crane having such a telescopic boom. The invention furthermore also relates to a method for adjusting such a telescopic boom.
A telescopic boom is conventionally a length-adjustable (mobile) crane assembly which is conventionally pivotable about a vertical axis and/or transverse axis and which is consequently generally used for lifting, in particular for moving loads. Telescopic booms of this type are customarily formed by a plurality of (i.e., at least two) boom segments which are arranged displaceably one inside another. Said boom segments are locked to one another in their respective actuating positions with respect to one another, at least in an extended actuating position, generally also in a retracted actuating position, such that no actuating force for maintaining said actuating position is required. In order to lock the boom segments to one another, a “locking bolt” is customarily brought into engagement in a form-fitting manner with the two boom segments transversely with respect to the longitudinal extent of the two boom segments. Said locking bolts are conventionally arranged displaceably on the inner instance of the two boom segments.
For the length adjustment of the boom segments with respect to one another, the telescopic boom generally comprises a hydraulic cylinder which is arranged in the interior of the two boom segments or of all of the boom segments. Said hydraulic cylinder is coupled in a form-fitting manner to the corresponding boom segment for the purpose of telescoping same and, with a locking device arranged on the hydraulic cylinder, unlocks the locking bolt (or conventionally two locking bolts arranged on opposite longitudinal sides of the boom segment) such that the respective boom segment can be displaced in relation to the surrounding boom segment. Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder moves in the longitudinal direction and, as it does so, carries along the boom segment to be displaced.
For the form-fitting coupling to the respective boom segment, the hydraulic cylinder conventionally has driver bolts which are displaceable in the transverse direction and which are located in corresponding receptacles of the respective boom segment during the telescoping operation. Expediently, the driver bolts here are arranged in a region (portion) of the hydraulic cylinder at which the locking device for locking and unlocking the locking bolts is also arranged. This region of the hydraulic cylinder is also referred to as a “locking head.”
The driver bolts and the locking device are conventionally actuated hydraulically. The locking device has drivers which are generally arranged displaceably in the transverse direction with respect to the hydraulic cylinder and which, in a coupling position of the hydraulic cylinder as intended with respect to the boom segment to be telescoped, are in engagement with the respective locking bolt and are therefore coupled in terms of force transmission. The locking head of the hydraulic cylinder, therefore has to contain an actuator, in particular a hydraulic actuating device for the driver bolts and for the drivers for locking and unlocking the locking bolts.
The invention is based on the object of improving the locking and unlocking of boom segments of a telescopic boom.
With the above and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a hydraulic actuator for a mobile crane, the hydraulic actuator comprising:
With the above and other objects in view there is also provided, in accordance with the invention, a locking device for a telescopic boom, comprising:
In other words, the hydraulic actuator according to the invention (“actuator” for short) is configured and provided for use on a mobile crane, in particular within the scope of a locking device of a telescoping device of the mobile crane. For this purpose, the actuator has a double chamber cylinder with a first cylinder chamber and a second cylinder chamber oriented in an opposed manner with respect thereto. Corresponding thereto, the actuator has a first piston rod for the first cylinder chamber and a second piston rod for the second cylinder chamber. As is customary for a hydraulic cylinder, said piston rods are mounted displaceably in the cylinder, specifically in the corresponding cylinder chamber. The actuator also has a first restoring spring for restoring the first piston rod to its main position and a second restoring spring for restoring the second piston rod to its main position. The main position of the first piston rod is arranged in the pushed-in position thereof and the main position of the second piston rod is arranged in the extended position thereof.
Consequently, the double chamber cylinder can therefore preferably take up a general main position (i.e., encompassing the double chamber cylinder) (also referred to as “neutral position”) by means of the pushed-in first piston rod and the simultaneously extended second piston rod. As a result, the actuator can be moved into a first operating position, in which the two piston rods are extended, and into a second operating position, in which the two piston rods are pushed in, by active pressurization of only one of the two cylinder chambers. The general main position is therefore advantageously a central position, as seen with respect to the length of the double chamber cylinder. By this means, actuating operations in which an actuating member needs to be adjusted in two opposed directions from a neutral position can therefore be undertaken in a simple manner. This is the case in particular for a locking device for a telescoping cylinder serving as telescoping device (the locking device is frequently also referred to as “locking head” in this case) of a mobile crane. Here, for carrying along a boom segment (also: “boom extension segment”), which is mounted in a sliding manner in a further boom segment, the telescoping cylinder is generally coupled to the former, in particular “is bolted” thereto by means of what are referred to as driver bolts. Locking bolts that said boom segment to be carried along bears for locking to the outer boom segment have to be released (“unlocked” or “unbolted”), however, for adjustment (i.e., for the “telescoping”). By means of the actuator described here and below, advantageously an actuating member, in particular a slotted actuating link, of the locking device, which actuating member acts in particular both on the locking bolt and on the driver bolt, can now be adjusted. Further drives, for example a second cylinder, are not required in this case. The actuator according to the invention therefore permits a compact and uncomplicated design of crane elements, in particular of the telescoping device of a mobile crane. In comparison to classic double-action cylinders, in the case of the double chamber cylinder of the actuator according to the invention, the respective main position of the two piston rods and therefore also the general main position can, however, be predetermined comparatively simply, in particular since the two piston rods can be adjusted toward their corresponding end stops.
The actuator preferably has a controller (also referred to as control unit or control device) which is intended, during operation of the telescopic boom of the mobile cranes as intended, to distribute hydraulic pressure to the first and to the second cylinder chamber, in particular independently of one other and preferably at different times. In particular, the assignment of hydraulic pressure to one of the two cylinder chambers comprises relieving the other cylinder chambers of pressure or switching them to an unpressurized state. This is accomplished by connecting the controller to actuating valves of a hydraulic system for control purposes.
In particular, the hydraulic system, at least the line system thereof, preferably with actuating valves contained therein, is part of the actuator. For the expedient situation in which the telescoping device, which is designed for applying the force required for telescoping the respective boom extension segment, is formed by a hydraulic cylinder (in particular the above-described “telescoping cylinder”, also referred to as “telescope cylinder” for short), the hydraulic system, in the use state as intended, is preferably coupled to the hydraulic volume of the telescope cylinder such that hydraulic pressure is removed from the telescope cylinder in order to operate the double chamber cylinder. As a result, separate feed lines to the actuator can advantageously be omitted.
In an expedient embodiment, the first restoring spring is arranged in a spring cage which is coupled rigidly to the double chamber cylinder. In addition, the first restoring spring is supported in the spring cage against a spring plate arranged on the push-in side of the first piston rod. As a result, support of the first restoring spring, which support is independent of the installation situation of the double chamber cylinder, in the push-in direction of the first piston rod is achieved. The spring cage here is formed in particular by a (further) spring plate (in particular arranged on the extension side with respect to the first piston rod) and a linkage coupling said spring plate to the double chamber cylinder. The linkage is expediently a number of threaded rods, preferably three, which each form a supporting column and by means of which the spring plate of the spring cage can be adjusted in terms of its position relative to the double chamber cylinder, in particular can be adapted to the present installation situation and/or to the spring characteristic of the first restoring spring. Alternatively, the linkage is designed for unalterably holding the spring plate, for example by virtue of the spring plate being welded to corresponding rods of the linkage.
By contrast, the second restoring spring is preferably arranged, in particular braced, between the double chamber cylinder, optionally between a spring plate attached rigidly thereto and a spring plate arranged on the extension side of the second restoring spring.
In a preferred embodiment, the double chamber cylinder and the two piston rods are configured in such a manner that the first piston rod is moved by hydraulic pressure in an extension direction and that the second piston rod is moved by hydraulic pressure in a push-in direction. In particular, for this purpose, a hydraulic inlet (or hydraulic connection) for hydraulic fluid into the second cylinder chamber is arranged in the vicinity of or at an extension-side longitudinal end of the second cylinder chamber such that the hydraulic fluid is always present on an extension-side piston surface of the piston carried by the second piston rod. Correspondingly conversely, a hydraulic inlet into the first cylinder chamber is arranged at the push-in-side longitudinal end of the first cylinder chamber.
In a further preferred embodiment, the first piston rod, as assigned first piston, bears a plunger piston (protruding radially over the first piston rod). Said plunger piston has (longitudinal) grooves such that the hydraulic fluid can wash around them. As a result, the effective area of the first piston is indeed reduced. Nevertheless, such a plunger piston has better mechanical efficiency than a classic piston. In addition, said plunger piston also serves as end stop and therefore as mechanical securing for the first piston rod in the extension direction.
In an expedient embodiment, the second cylinder chamber is connected on the piston inner side to a venting valve, in particular is coupled to the environment by means of said venting valve. As a result, a negative pressure or positive pressure during the adjustment of the piston of the second piston rod in the fluid-free part of the second cylinder chamber is avoided, which would otherwise lead to a loss of action.
As already mentioned above, in a preferred embodiment, the first and the second cylinder chamber can be charged with hydraulic pressure independently of one other. In particular, the hydraulic pressure “is allocated” by means of the controller of the respective cylinder chamber, in particular by appropriate switching of control valves.
The locking device according to the invention is, as described above, configured and provided for use in a telescopic boom, in particular of a mobile crane. For this purpose, the locking device has the above-described hydraulic actuator in order to generate an actuating force. In addition, the locking device has at least one driver, which is configured to be reversibly coupled, during the telescoping movement of the telescopic boom, to an associated locking bolt, which is secured at a boom extension segment of the telescopic boom, and to be moved under the action of the actuating force for adjusting the locking bolt between at least one locking position and a release position. The locking device furthermore also has at least one driver bolt which is configured to be moved reversibly under the action of the actuating force between a carry-along position gripping an inner boom extension segment and an empty running position not gripping a boom extension segment. In addition, the locking device has a slotted actuating link which is configured (preferably by means of a dedicated movement driven by the actuating force) for the joint movement of the locking bolt and of the driver bolt (in particular by transmission of the actuating force to said bolts). In the installation state as intended, a movement plane, preferably the sole movement plane, of the slotted actuating link is oriented perpendicularly to the telescoping direction of the telescopic boom.
Owing to the fact that the slotted actuating link has its movement plane oriented perpendicularly to the telescoping direction, the activation, in particular the transmission of movement to the driver and to the driver bolt, is simplified by means of just one element, namely the slotted actuating link.
The telescopic boom according to the invention serves for use on a mobile crane and has a number of boom segments, which are mounted displaceably in one another, a telescoping drive (in particular the above-described telescoping device) and the above-described locking device.
With the above and other objects in view there is also provided, in accordance with the invention, a mobile crane which includes the above-described telescopic boom.
The locking device according to the invention, the telescopic boom and the mobile crane therefore also have the actuator according to the invention and therefore share the advantages described within the scope thereof.
The method according to the invention is used for adjusting the above-described telescopic boom. According to the method, for the locking of an inner instance of the boom segments (or: boom extension segments) to the next outer boom segment (optionally also to the outermost boom segment, which is also referred to as “main segment”), the first cylinder chamber is charged with hydraulic pressure and the second cylinder chamber is switched to an unpressurized state. The driver bolt is decoupled from the inner boom segment—in particular because of the movement of the above-described slotted actuating link. For the unlocking of the inner boom segment from the next outer boom segment (or from the main segment), the first cylinder chamber, by contrast, is switched to an unpressurized state and the second cylinder chamber is charged with hydraulic pressure. In this case, in particular because of the resultant movement of the slotted actuating link, the locking bolt is decoupled from the next outer boom segment and the driver bolt is coupled to the inner boom segment.
The controller is preferably a microcontroller having a processor and a data memory in which the functionality for controlling the locking device, i.e., in particular the actuator, is implemented by programming in the form of operating software (firmware). Alternatively, however, the controller can also be a nonprogrammable electronic component, e.g., an ASIC, in which the functionality for control purposes is implemented using circuitry means. Furthermore, optionally in addition, purely electrical activation capability is also provided by virtue of—preferably the already existing—hydraulic valves being activatable directly (i.e., without interconnected logic), preferably by means of an (in particular manually actuable) switch incorporated in a corresponding control line. This serves preferably as an emergency controller if the electronic controller fails and provided that there is still a hydraulic supply.
Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in an hydraulic actuator for a locking device of a telescopic boom, a locking device, a telescopic boom, a mobile crane, and a method for adjusting a telescopic boom, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Parts corresponding to one another are provided with the same reference signs throughout the figures.
Referring now to the figures of the drawing in detail and first, in particular, to
The telescope cylinder 22 is arrested with its piston rod 24 in the base region of the main segment 16. The telescope cylinder 22 also bears a locking device 30 arranged at the rod-side end of its cylinder 28. Said locking device serves to grip one of the boom extension segments 18 during the telescoping of the boom 12 and to lock, i.e., arrest, said boom extension segment 18, in its target position, to the next outer boom extension segment 18 or optionally to the main segment 16.
As is apparent from
In addition to the plunger cylinder 34, the actuator 32 has lever kinematics 42 serving to deflect the rectilinear movement generated by the plunger cylinder 34 to the slotted actuating link 40 by means of rotation (see
The slotted actuating link 40 is formed by a roughly I-shaped or omega-shaped plate in order to keep a recess 44 for the plunger rod 24 free. In each case a first slotted link groove 46 for the respective driver 36 and in each case a second slotted link groove 48 for the respective driver bolt 38 are introduced into said plate. Consequently, the slotted actuating link 40 has two first and two second slotted link grooves 46 and 48, respectively, in each case. The drivers 36 and the driver bolts 38 are coupled in their respective slotted link groove 46 and 48, respectively, by means of a respective slotted link rod 49 for adjustment radially with respect to the longitudinal axis 20, specifically in each case in the direction of the associated longitudinal side of the boom 12. In addition, the drivers 36 and driver bolts 38 are guided along their respective movement axis 35 in sliding rails 50 or sliding sleeves (not illustrated).
The driver bolts 38 are configured and provided so as, during a telescoping movement, to couple the telescope cylinder 22 to the boom extension segment 18 to be adjusted. The driver bolts 38 are therefore assigned to the locking device 30. The drivers 36 serve to adjust a respective locking bolt 52 under the action of the actuating force in order to lock (or: “bolt”) a boom extension segment 18 to the next outer boom extension segment 18 or to the main segment 16. Since the boom extension segments 18, as is known, also need to remain in their telescoped position after the telescoping movement, the locking bolts 52 are assigned to the boom extension segments 18. In other words, each boom extension segment 18 has a pair of locking bolts 52.
The drivers 36 and also the slotted actuating link 40 are configured in such a manner that the driver 36 can be coupled reversibly to the respective locking bolt 52. For this purpose, the respective driver 36 is designed in the manner of a claw. Specifically, the respective driver 36 has a T groove 54. The respective locking bolt 52 has, at its inner end, a T head 56 corresponding to the T groove 54 (see
If the telescope cylinder 22 “moves” with the locking device 30 into the region of the bearing bracket 58, the drivers 36 slide with the T grooves 54 over the T heads 56 of the locking bolts 52 and therefore grip the latter. In this state, the locking device 30 can adjust the locking bolts 52, i.e., can release (also: “pull”) them or push them outward along the movement axis 35 for the purpose of locking the respective boom extension segment 18. The locking bolts 52 are arranged on the bearing bracket 58 in such a manner that they are pressed under the action of an actuating spring, not illustrated specifically, into a locking position 64 in which they protrude on the outer side over the bearing bracket 58 (see
The slotted actuating link 40 is, as is apparent from
The second slotted link grooves 48 have two rectilinear curved portions which are at an angle to one another, and therefore have a single angle. The first slotted link grooves 46 have three rectilinear curved portions which are angled in relation to one another, and therefore have a double angle. The respective end-side curved portions of the slotted link grooves 46 and 48 are referred to as securing portion 72 and retraction portion 74. The third “middle” curved portion of the first slotted link groove 46 is referred to as neutral portion 76. The securing portions 72 are oriented parallel to the direction of movement of the slotted actuating link 40, whereas the retraction portions 74 are positioned facing obliquely inward counter to the push-out direction of the drivers 36 and of the driver bolts 38. As is apparent from the figures, the securing portions 72 and the retraction portions 74 of the first and second slotted link grooves 46 and 48 are oriented in an opposed manner with respect to the direction of movement of the slotted actuating link 40.
As a result, a diametrically opposed movement or adjustment of the driver bolts and of the locking bolts 38 and 52, respectively, takes place. In the tele-position 66, the locking bolts 52 are retracted into a release position 78 in which they do not couple to the outer boom extension segment 18 or main segment 16, i.e., the adjustment of the inner boom extension segment 18 is enabled. By contrast, the driver bolts 38 are pushed out into what is referred to as a carry-along position 80, in which they are coupled to the bearing bracket 58.
In the securing position 68 of the slotted actuating link 40 (see
While the driver 36 moves inward or outward along the associated retraction portion 74, the driver bolt 38 remains in its locked position, i.e., the carry-along position 80 (the same also applies conversely), since the securing portion 72 is oriented parallel to the direction of movement of the slotted actuating link 40.
In the neutral position 70, the slotted link rods 49 of the drivers 36 are arranged in the region of the neutral portion 76. Said neutral portion is positioned more shallowly, i.e., at a smaller angle than the retraction portion 74 counter to the push-out direction, i.e., counter to the movement axis 35. This results in a smaller amount of friction when the locking bolt 52 is adjusted manually from the outside in the direction of its release position 78. The neutral portion 76 therefore permits emergency unlocking of the locking bolts 52. In addition, because of the position and the width of the first slotted link groove 46, the slotted link rod 49 has a comparatively greater amount of play along the movement axis 35 of the driver 36 in the region of the neutral portion 76. As a result, tolerance compensation in the region of the bearing bracket 58 and also the manual pushing in of the locking bolt 52 are simplified. A position of the locking bolts 52 during an emergency unlocking is illustrated in
In order to be able to detect the position of the slotted actuating link 40, the locking device 30 has a position sensor 90. The latter is arranged in the region of the lever kinematics 42 and configured for detecting a rotational position. For this purpose, the position sensor 90 has two proximity switches 92 and an encoding disk 94 made from sheet metal with apertures as coding fields. By means of the proximity switches 92, the position of the encoding disk 94 is therefore identified from whether a coding field or a sheet metal wall lies opposite the applicable proximity switch 92. This design of the position sensor 90 is, as is known, robust against soiling by lubricant or hydraulic agent and—in particular because of the large elements selected—also against vibration.
In order additionally also to be able to check the actual position of the driver 36, the latter is also assigned a proximity switch 96. The latter is used to detect whether the driver 36 and therefore the locking bolt 52 are arranged in the locking position 64 and therefore the boom extension segment 18 is secured. This also permits a conclusion to be drawn as to whether the applicable boom extension segment 18 is arranged in its telescopic position as intended. This is because, during the telescoping of the boom extension segment 18, a control device 98 activates the locking device 30 in such a manner that the slotted actuating link 40, on moving into the bolting region of the outer boom extension segment 18 or of the main segment 16, is arranged in the neutral position 70. As a result, the drivers 36 and the locking bolts 52 can already bear against the inner side of the outer bolting region because of the play in the neutral portion 76 and because of the spring loading outward. The locking bolt 52 can therefore “feel” its associated bolting eye when the latter is “passed over.”
The plunger cylinder 34, as can be seen in
The spring cage 104 has a spring plate 110 and a linkage consisting of a plurality of supporting columns 112, here specifically three supporting columns, by means of which the spring plate 110 is positioned in relation to the cylinder 106. The first restoring spring 100 is arranged, specifically braced, between the spring plate 110 and a further spring plate 114, which is fastened to the first piston rod 102.
The supporting columns 112 are formed by threaded rods which permit a length setting for the spring cage 104, specifically an adjustment of the spring plate 110 in relation to the cylinder 106 and therefore setting of the pretensioning of the first restoring spring 100.
The second restoring spring 101 is arranged, specifically braced, between a cylinder-side spring plate 116, i.e., a spring plate connected to the cylinder 106, and a further spring plate 118 fastened to the second piston rod 108.
The first piston rod 102 bears a plunger piston 120 (giving its name to the plunger cylinder 34) (also see
A “normal”, in particular substantially circular-cylindrical, piston 132, which is attached to the second piston rod 108, is guided in the second cylinder chamber 128. In this case, a second hydraulic inlet 134 assigned to the second cylinder chamber 128 is arranged on the outer side, i.e., on that side of the piston 132 which faces the second piston rod 108. As a result, the piston 132 is pushed under pressure into the cylinder 106. In order to avoid counterpressure by a compressed air cushion in this case, a venting valve 136 is connected on the inner side, specifically in the region of the partition 126, to the second cylinder chamber 128.
In the state without hydraulic pressure, the plunger piston 120 and the piston 132, because of the two restoring springs, take up the positions illustrated in
In order now to put the slotted actuating link 40 into its securing position 68, i.e., to push the locking bolts 52 outward into their locking position 64 or to hold them therein, the first cylinder chamber 124 is charged with hydraulic pressure. As a result, the plunger piston 120 is displaced (specifically extended) by its associated actuating stroke 138. Via the lever kinematics 42, this rectilinear actuating movement is deflected and the slotted actuating link 40—in order to remain in the image according to
In order, by contrast, to put the slotted actuating link 40 into its tele-position 66, first of all the first cylinder chamber 124 is switched to an unpressurized state and the second cylinder chamber 128 is placed under pressure. As a result, the plunger piston 120 is “retracted” and the piston 132 extended by its actuating stroke 140. This actuating movement is in turn transmitted via the lever kinematics 42 to the slotted actuating link 40 and the latter is raised. The drivers 36 are thereby retracted; the locking bolts 52 are too and are therefore “released” or “unbolted”. By contrast, the driver bolts 38 are bolted to the next outer boom extension segment 18 or to the main segment 16, i.e., are extended.
The control device 98 is therefore configured to charge the two cylinder chambers 124 and 128 with hydraulic pressure basically independently of one another. Preferably, however, the one cylinder chamber 124 or 128 is switched to an unpressurized state together with the other cylinder chamber 128 or 124 being pressurized.
The subject matter of the invention is not restricted to the above-described exemplary embodiment. Rather, further embodiments of the invention can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the above description.
The following is a summary list of reference numerals and the corresponding structure used in the above description of the invention:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2021 203 701.1 | Apr 2021 | DE | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4036372 | Rao | Jul 1977 | A |
| 10322915 | Kaupert et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 20150041422 | Kaupert | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150128735 | Klein | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20200010181 | Lindahl | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 102730578 | Oct 2012 | CN |
| 102013212560 | Dec 2014 | DE |
| 102014215367 | Aug 2015 | DE |
| 202014006620 | Dec 2015 | DE |
| 1350960 | Oct 2003 | EP |
| 2835336 | Feb 2018 | EP |
| 2526883 | Nov 1983 | FR |
| Entry |
|---|
| CN 102730578 A Machine Translation. (Year: 2012). |
| FR 2526883 A1 Machine Translation. (Year: 1983). |
| EP 1350960 A1 Machine Translation (Year: 2003). |
| DE 102013212560 A1 Machine Translation (Year: 2014). |
| DE 102014215367 B3 Machine Translation (Year: 2015). |
| DE 202014006620 U1 Machine Translation (Year: 2015). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220332552 A1 | Oct 2022 | US |
