Patent Application
20230331205
This application relates to the field of vehicle braking technologies, and in particular, to a hydraulic apparatus, a braking apparatus, a braking system, and a braking control method.
A braking system is an important part of a vehicle control system, which belongs to longitudinal control. Development of braking systems has gone through the following stages: conventional mechanical braking, hydraulic braking, electro-hydraulic brake (EHB) and the like. At first, braking systems only had simple functions such as service braking and parking braking. Nowadays multi-function integration of braking systems, such as an anti-lock braking system (ABS) and automatic emergency braking (AEB) have been developed. In order to match implementation of higher-level self-driving technologies in the future, brake-by-wire (Brake-by-wire) has gradually become a research hotspot in the braking field. On one hand, an existing electro-hydraulic braking system is mature, but EHB cannot meet higher requirements (for example, requirements for linearity and quick response) of automatic driving on braking control. On the other hand, electro-mechanical brake (EMB) cannot completely replace the electro-hydraulic braking due to some technical difficulties, such as motor output torque limitation and redundancy requirements. In the conventional technology, a solution of simply combining two sets of systems EMB and EHB is available, and redundancy backup of the braking system is implemented by using the two sets of systems EHB and EMB. The braking system of an existing solution may provide three working modes: First, the EMB provides braking force separately; second, the EHB provides braking force separately; and third, the EHB and the EMB jointly provide braking force. In the existing solution, an advantage of the EHB or the EMB can be used in simple combination, and the three working modes can be switched based on a braking requirement. However, such simple combination solution of structural decoupling makes a service braking system more complex, increases manufacturing costs of the system, and increases a size of the braking system, which is not conducive to being disposed in narrow space of wheels.
According to a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a hydraulic apparatus. The hydraulic apparatus includes a hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), a piston (17-2), a push assembly (17-3), and a first sealing component (17-4); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is of a hollow cylinder shape, provided with a first opening and a second opening respectively at two ends; the piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the first opening; the first sealing component (17-4) covers the second opening; the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the piston (17-2), and the first sealing component (17-4) are configured to form a hydraulic chamber (17-5); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is provided with a liquid flow opening (17-6), and the liquid flow opening (17-6) is located between the first sealing component (17-4) and the piston (17-2); the push assembly (17-3) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1); the liquid flow opening (17-6) and the push assembly (17-3) are located on a same side of the piston (17-2); and the piston (17-2) is configured to be enabled to move in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), driven by the push assembly (17-3).
The hydraulic apparatus may be disposed on a wheel based on a requirement, and is used with a braking actuator (for example, may be a disc brake) installed on the wheel together. A part of the piston (17-2) may be moved out of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) under push of the push assembly (17-3) or hydraulic oil, and acts on a braking lining block (17-14b) of the braking actuator. The braking lining block (17-14b) is squeezed by the piston (17-2) to rub against a braking disc (17-16) to implement braking. The braking actuator is provided with a reset mechanism. When force exerted by the push assembly (17-3) on the piston (17-2) is withdrawn, or when force exerted by the hydraulic oil on the piston (17-2) is reduced to a value less than a specific threshold, the piston (17-2) may be completely accommodated in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) under action of the reset mechanism of the braking actuator, that is, the piston (17-2) may be restored to an initial position.
The hydraulic chamber (17-5) of the hydraulic apparatus may be closed if the liquid flow opening (17-6) structure is not considered. The liquid flow opening (17-6) is configured to connect to an oil line, to provide a channel for braking fluid inflow and outflow the hydraulic chamber (17-5). Optionally, the liquid flow opening (17-6) may include a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet.
In a possible implementation, the second opening may be a circle. Optionally, a radius of the second opening may be less than a radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). Optionally, a radius of the second opening may be equal to a radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). When the radius of the second opening is equal to the radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), machining and assembly can be simplified. When the radius of the second opening is less than the radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), structural strength of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) can be improved, and a sealing effect can also be improved, so that the hydraulic cylinder can bear larger oil pressure in the cylinder.
Optionally, the first sealing component (17-4) may include a plurality of sealing rings, and the plurality of sealing rings are disposed in parallel in an axial direction, to achieve better sealing performance.
In a possible implementation, the piston (17-2) is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the push assembly (17-3).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes a second sealing component (17-7), and the second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the piston (17-2). Further, the second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between an inner circumferential surface of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and an outer circumferential surface of the piston (17-2). A function of the second sealing component (17-7) is to ensure that the piston (17-2) and the second sealing component (17-7) are sealed, and that the second sealing component (17-7) and the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) are sealed. Optionally, the second sealing component (17-7) may include a plurality of sealing rings, and the plurality of sealing rings are disposed in parallel on the circumferential surface of the piston, to achieve a better sealing effect.
In a possible implementation, the push assembly (17-3) includes a push block (17-9) and a transmission component (17-8). The transmission component (17-8) passes through the first sealing component (17-4). A function of the first sealing component (17-4) is to ensure that the transmission component (17-8) and the first sealing component (17-4) are sealed, and that the first sealing component (17-4) and the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) are also sealed.
In a possible implementation, the push assembly (17-3) is configured to convert a rotary motion of the transmission component (17-8) into a linear motion of the push block (17-9).
In a possible implementation, the push assembly (17-3) may be driven by a linear motor to push the piston (17-2) to move.
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes: a locking component (17-10). The locking component (17-10) is located outside the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1); and the locking component (17-10) includes a first working state and a second working state; when the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) are coupled to lock the transmission component (17-8); and when the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) are decoupled. Being coupled may be understood as that the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) keep relatively static through rigid connection, friction contact, or the like, and the locking component prevents the transmission component (17-8) from changing a movement state. Being decoupled may be understood as that the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) are not connected, and the locking component (17-10) does not affect a movement state of the transmission component (17-8).
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) includes a ball screw (17-11) and a screw nut (17-12). The ball screw (17-11) passes through the first sealing component (17-4); the screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1); and the screw nut (17-12) is fastened to the push block (17-9). The ball screw (17-11) and the screw nut (17-12) are assembled, and a rotary motion acting on the ball screw (17-11) can be converted into a linear motion of the screw nut (17-12). Beneficial effects of the ball screw (17-11) are the following: The rotary motion acting on the ball screw (17-11) can be converted into the linear motion of the screw nut (17-12) to drive the piston to move in the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder body; and when the ball screw (17-11) and the screw nut (17-12) are used as transmission components, high reliability and high transmission efficiency can be ensured.
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) is a ball screw, and the push block (17-9) is a screw nut (17-12); the ball screw (17-11) passes through the first sealing component (17-4); and the screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes a planetary reducer (17-13). The planetary reducer (17-13) is located outside the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is connected to the ball screw (17-11).
In a possible implementation, the planetary reducer (17-13) includes a sun gear (17-13a), a planet gear (17-13b), a ring gear (17-13c), and a planet carrier (17-13d). The planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw. The planetary reducer (17-13) can reduce a rotation speed output by a drive mechanism (17-15) and amplify a torque that is output.
In a possible implementation, when the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are coupled, and the locking component (17-10) is configured to lock the ball screw (17-11) by locking the planet carrier (17-13d); and when the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are decoupled.
In a possible implementation, the locking component (17-10) is secured on an outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes a support arm (17-14a), and the support arm (17-14a) and the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) are integrated. Optionally, the support arm (17-14a) and the hydraulic cylinder body may be machined together in a casting manner, or the support arm (17-14a) and the hydraulic cylinder body may be welded together in a welding manner, or the support arm (17-14a) may be fastened to the hydraulic cylinder body by using another connecting piece. A specific integration manner is not limited. In specific implementation, the support arm (17-14a) is one of components of a caliper (17-14) of the braking actuator. Overall occupied space can be further reduced by integrating the support arm (17-14a) with the cylinder body in a structure.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment of this application provides another hydraulic apparatus. The hydraulic apparatus includes: a hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), a piston (17-2), and a push block (17-9); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is of a hollow cylinder shape, provided with a first opening and a second opening respectively at two ends; the piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the first opening; and the push block (17-9) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the second opening, the push block (17-9) is provided with a liquid flow opening (17-6); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the piston (17-2), and the push block (17-9) are configured to form a hydraulic chamber (17-5); and the piston (17-2) is configured to be enabled to move in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), driven by the push block (17-9).
In a possible implementation, a groove is provided on an end face that is of the push block (17-9) and that faces the piston (17-2). The groove communicates with the hydraulic chamber, and when a gap between the piston (17-2) and the push block (17-9) is small, if the piston (17-2) is pushed through hydraulic pressure to provide braking force, the groove that is provided facilitates oil to quickly enter the hydraulic chamber.
In a possible implementation, the piston (17-2) is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the push assembly (17-3).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes a first sealing component (17-4), and the first sealing component (17-4) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the push block (17-9).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes a second sealing component (17-7), and the second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the piston (17-2).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes a transmission component (17-8), and the transmission component (17-8) is located outside the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is connected to the push block (17-9).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes: a locking component (17-10). The locking component (17-10) is located outside the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1); and the locking component (17-10) includes a first working state and a second working state; when the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) are coupled to lock the transmission component (17-8); and when the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) are decoupled.
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) includes a ball screw (17-11) and a screw nut (17-12), and the screw nut (17-12) is fastened to the push block (17-9).
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) is a ball screw, and the push block (17-9) is a screw nut (17-12); and the screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched.
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes: a planetary reducer (17-13), and the planetary reducer (17-13) is connected to the ball screw (17-11).
In a possible implementation, the planetary reducer (17-13) includes a sun gear (17-13a), a planet gear (17-13b), a ring gear (17-13c), and a planet carrier (17-13d). The planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw (17-3). The planetary reducer (17-13) can reduce a rotation speed output by a drive mechanism (17-15) and amplify a torque that is output.
In a possible implementation, when the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are coupled, and the locking component (17-10) is configured to lock the ball screw (17-11) by locking the planet carrier (17-13d); and when the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are decoupled.
In a possible implementation, the locking component (17-10) is secured on an outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1).
In a possible implementation, the hydraulic apparatus further includes a support arm (17-14a), and the support arm (17-14a) is integrated on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1).
According to a third aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a braking apparatus. The braking apparatus includes a drive mechanism (17-15), a wheel cylinder, and a braking actuator mechanism. The wheel cylinder includes a hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), a piston (17-2), a push block (17-9), a transmission component (17-8), a first sealing component (17-4), and a second sealing component (17-7); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is of a hollow cylinder shape, provided with a first opening and a second opening respectively at two ends; and the piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the first opening; the first sealing component (17-4) covers the second opening; the second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the piston (17-2); a liquid flow opening (17-6) is provided on the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the liquid flow opening (17-6) is located between the first sealing component (17-4) and the piston (17-2), and the push block (17-9) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1); the liquid flow opening (17-6) and the push block (17-9) are located on a same side of the piston (17-2); the transmission component (17-8) is connected to the push block (17-9) and passes through the first sealing component (17-4); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the piston (17-2), and the transmission component (17-8), the first sealing component (17-4) and the second sealing component (17-7) are configured to form a hydraulic chamber (17-5); the drive mechanism (17-15) includes an output shaft (17-15a), and the output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism (17-15) is connected to the transmission component (17-8); and the piston (17-2) is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the push block (17-9), and to act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking.
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) includes a ball screw (17-11) and a screw nut (17-12); the ball screw (17-11) passes through the first sealing component (17-4), the screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1); and the screw nut (17-12) is fastened to the push block (17-9).
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) is a ball screw, and the push block (17-9) is a screw nut (17-12); the ball screw (17-11) passes through the first sealing component (17-4); and the screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1).
In a possible implementation, the braking apparatus further includes a planetary reducer (17-13); and the output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism (17-15) is connected to the ball screw (17-11) through the planetary reducer (17-13).
In a possible implementation, the planetary reducer (17-13) includes a sun gear (17-13a), a planet gear (17-13b), a ring gear (17-13c), and a planet carrier (17-13d). The output shaft (17-15a) is fastened to the sun gear (17-13a), and the planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw. The planetary reducer (17-13) can reduce a rotation speed output by the drive mechanism (17-15) and amplify a torque that is output.
In a possible implementation, the braking apparatus further includes: a locking component (17-10). The locking component (17-10) includes a first working state and a second working state; and when the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are coupled, and the locking component (17-10) is configured to lock the ball screw (17-11) by locking the planet carrier (17-13d); and when the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are decoupled.
In a possible implementation, the braking actuator is a disc brake, the disc brake includes a caliper (17-14), and the caliper (17-14) is integrated with the wheel cylinder.
According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides another braking apparatus. The braking apparatus includes: a drive mechanism (17-15), a wheel cylinder, a braking actuator mechanism and a transmission component (17-8). The wheel cylinder includes a hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), a piston (17-2), a push block (17-9), a first sealing component (17-4), and a second sealing component (17-7); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is of a hollow cylinder shape, provided with a first opening and a second opening respectively at two ends; the piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the first opening; the second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the piston (17-2); the push block (17-9) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the second opening, and the push block (17-9) is provided with a liquid flow opening (17-6); the first sealing component (17-4) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the push block (17-9); the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the piston (17-2), the push block (17-9), the first sealing component (17-4), and the second sealing component (17-7) are configured to form a hydraulic chamber (17-5); the transmission component (17-8) is connected to the push block (17-9); the drive mechanism (17-15) includes an output shaft (17-15a), and the output shaft (17-15a) is connected to the transmission component (17-8); and the piston (17-2) is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the push block (17-9), and to act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking.
In a possible implementation, a groove is provided on an end face that is of the push block (17-9) and that faces the piston (17-2).
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) includes a ball screw (17-11) and a screw nut (17-12), and the screw nut (17-12) is fastened to the push block (17-9).
In a possible implementation, the transmission component (17-8) is a ball screw, and the push block (17-9) is a screw nut (17-12); and the screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched.
In a possible implementation, the braking apparatus further includes a planetary reducer (17-13); and the output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism (17-15) is connected to the ball screw (17-11) through the planetary reducer (17-13). The planetary reducer (17-13) can reduce a rotation speed output by a drive mechanism (17-15) and amplify a torque that is output.
In a possible implementation, the planetary reducer (17-13) includes a sun gear (17-13a), a planet gear (17-13b), a ring gear (17-13c), and a planet carrier (17-13d); and the output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism (17-15) is fastened to the sun gear (17-13a), and the planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw.
In a possible implementation, the braking apparatus further includes: a locking component (17-10). The locking component (17-10) includes a first working state and a second working state; and when the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are coupled, and the locking component (17-10) is configured to lock the ball screw (17-11) by locking the planet carrier (17-13d); and when the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are decoupled.
In a possible implementation, the braking actuator is a disc brake, the disc brake includes a caliper (17-14), and the caliper (17-14) is integrated with the wheel cylinder.
According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a braking system. The braking system includes: a braking boost assembly, a first oil line, and the braking apparatus described in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect or the braking apparatus described in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect. The braking boost assembly includes a main boost cylinder, the main boost cylinder includes a first cylinder body and a first piston, and the first piston is disposed in the first cylinder body; and the first piston and the first cylinder body form a first hydraulic chamber; a first liquid flow opening is provided on the main boost cylinder, and the first liquid flow opening communicates with the first hydraulic chamber; the first hydraulic chamber is connected to the hydraulic chamber (17-5) of the wheel cylinder through the first oil line; and one end of the first oil line is connected to the liquid flow opening (17-6) of the wheel cylinder, and the other end of the first oil line is connected to the first liquid flow opening.
According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a braking control method. The braking control method may be applied to the braking system described in the fifth aspect. Specifically, the braking system to which the braking control method is applied includes: a braking boost assembly, a first oil line, and the braking apparatus described in the third aspect or the braking apparatus described in the fourth aspect. The braking boost assembly includes a main boost cylinder, a boost motor, and a pressure control unit (6); the main boost cylinder includes a first cylinder body and a first piston, and the first piston is disposed in the first cylinder body; the first piston and the first cylinder body form a first hydraulic chamber; the first piston moves in the main boost cylinder, driven by the boost motor, to change a volume of the first hydraulic chamber; the main boost cylinder is provided with a first liquid flow opening, and the first liquid flow opening communicates with the first hydraulic chamber; the first hydraulic chamber is connected to the hydraulic chamber of the wheel cylinder through the first oil line; and one end of the first oil line is connected to the liquid flow opening of the wheel cylinder, and the other end of the first oil line is connected to the first liquid flow opening. The braking control method includes: calculating target braking force required for target braking; sending a first instruction to the boost control unit (6), where the first instruction instructs the boost control unit (6) to control the boost motor to drive the first piston to reduce the volume of the first hydraulic chamber, so that a braking fluid in the first hydraulic chamber flows into the hydraulic chamber (17-5) through the first oil line, after passing through the first liquid flow opening, to drive the piston (17-2) to move, so as to act on the braking actuator mechanism to provide first braking force; and sending a second instruction to the drive mechanism (17-15), where the second instruction instructs the drive mechanism (17-15) to drive the piston (17-2) to move, by using the output shaft (17-15a), the transmission component (17-8), and the push block (17-9), to provide second braking force on the braking actuator mechanism, where the first braking force and the second braking force are coupled to meet the target braking force.
In a possible implementation, after the target braking force required for the target braking is calculated, the braking control method further includes: determining, based on the target braking force, that hydraulic braking and mechanical braking need to be coupled to meet the target braking force, where the hydraulic braking is corresponding to the first braking force, and the mechanical braking is corresponding to the second braking force.
In a possible implementation, the braking apparatus further includes: a locking component (17-10). The locking component (17-10) is located outside the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1); and the locking component (17-10) includes a first working state and a second working state; when the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) are coupled to lock the transmission component (17-8); and when the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the transmission component (17-8) are decoupled. The braking control method further includes: detecting a parking braking requirement; sending a third instruction to the drive mechanism (17-15), where the third instruction instructs the drive mechanism (17-15) to drive the piston (17-2) to move, by using the output shaft (17-15a), the transmission component (17-8) (if any), and the push block (17-9), to provide third braking force that meets the parking braking requirement by acting on the braking actuator mechanism; and sending a fourth instruction to the locking component (17-10), where the fourth instruction instructs the locking component (17-10) to switch from the second working state to the first working state.
According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a braking control unit. The control unit includes programmable instructions. When the programmable instructions are invoked, the method described in any one of the sixth aspect or the possible implementations of the sixth aspect can be performed.
According to an eighth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a storage medium. The storage medium includes a program. When the program is executed, the method described in any one of the sixth aspect or the possible implementations of the sixth aspect can be performed.
According to a ninth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a braking apparatus, installed on a wheel. The braking apparatus includes a braking actuator, and the hydraulic apparatus described in any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect, or the hydraulic apparatus described in any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect.
According to a tenth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a vehicle. The vehicle includes the hydraulic apparatus described in any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect, the hydraulic apparatus described in any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect, the braking apparatus described in any one of the third aspect or the possible implementations of the third aspect, the braking apparatus described in any one of the fourth aspect or the possible implementations of the fourth aspect, the braking system described in any one of the fifth aspect or the possible implementations of the fifth aspect, or the braking apparatus described in the ninth aspect.
According to the hydraulic apparatus, the braking apparatus, and the braking system provided in embodiments of this application, a component that can be driven by an external motor to push the piston to move in the hydraulic cylinder is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder, to implement hydraulic braking and brake-by-wire that are coupled. In other words, a system redundancy function can be provided, and the hydraulic apparatus can also be miniaturized. Further, the hydraulic apparatus is integrated with the locking component (17-10), a parking braking function can be implemented, and a separate parking braking system is not needed, so that complexity of the entire braking system is reduced. The hydraulic apparatus provided in embodiments of this application may replace a conventional wheel cylinder, and is applied to a vehicle braking system. The hydraulic apparatus may provide separate hydraulic braking, separate mechanical braking, or hydraulic braking and mechanical braking that are combined without adding a large number of structures, to implement functions including common braking, emergency braking, anti-lock braking, parking braking, and the like, fully utilize space in a wheel, and optimize a braking effect.
The following describes embodiments of this application with reference to accompanying drawings. It is clear that the described embodiments are merely some but not all of embodiments of this application. A person of ordinary skill in the art may learn that, with technology development and emergence of a new scenario, the technical solutions provided in embodiments of this application are also applicable to a similar technical problem.
In this specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application, the terms “first”, “second”, and so on are intended to distinguish between similar objects but do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that, the data termed in such a way is interchangeable in proper circumstances, so that embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than the sequence illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms “include”, “contain” and any other variants mean to cover the non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a list of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules, but may include other steps or modules not expressly listed or inherent to such a process, method, system, product, or device. Names or numbers of steps in this application do not mean that the steps in the method procedure need to be performed in a time/logical sequence indicated by the names or numbers. An execution sequence of the steps in the procedure that have been named or numbered can be changed based on a technical objective to be achieved, provided that same or similar technical effect can be achieved. Division into the modules in this application is logical division. In actual application, there may be another division manner. For example, a plurality of modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some ports, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between modules may be in an electrical form or another similar form. This is not limited in this application. In addition, modules or sub-modules described as separate components may be or may not be physically separated, or may be or may not be physical modules, or may be distributed to a plurality of circuit modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the objectives of the solutions of this application.
In this application, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms such as “mount”, “link”, “connect”, “fasten”, and “dispose” should be understood broadly. For example, the term “connect” may be a fixed connection, may be a detachable connection, or may be integration; may be a mechanical connection or may be an electrical connection; or may be a direct connection, may be an indirect connection implemented by using an intermediate medium, or may be communication inside two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements. A person of ordinary skill in the art may interpret specific meanings of the foregoing terms in this application based on specific cases.
Automobiles are experiencing the trend of electrification, network connection, intelligence, and sharing.
The vehicle (100) may include various subsystems, such as an information entertainment system (110), a sensing system (120), a decision control system (130), a drive system (140), and a computing platform (150). Optionally, the vehicle (100) may include more or fewer subsystems, and each subsystem may include a plurality of components. In addition, each subsystem and component of the vehicle (100) may be connected to each other in a wired or wireless manner.
A steering system 133 may operate to adjust a moving direction of the vehicle (100). For example, in an embodiment, the steering system 133 may be a steering wheel system.
A throttle (134) is used to control an engine (141) to go in parallel to control a speed of the vehicle (100).
A braking system (135) may be used to control the speed of the vehicle (100). The braking system (135) may use friction to slow down the wheel (144). In some embodiments, the braking system (135) may convert kinetic energy of the wheel (144) into a current. The braking system (135) may alternatively take other forms to slow down the wheel (144) to control the speed of the vehicle (100).
The drive system (140) may include components that feed power to the vehicle (100). In an embodiment, the drive system (140) may include an engine (141), an energy source (142), a transmission system (143), and a wheel (144). The engine (141) may be an internal combustion type engine, a motor, an air compression engine, or another type of engine combination, for example, a hybrid engine including a gasoline engine and a motor, or a hybrid engine including an internal combustion type engine and an air compression engine. The engine (141) converts the energy source (142) into mechanical energy.
Examples of the energy source (142) include gasoline, diesel, other oil-based fuels, propane, other compressed gas-based fuels, ethanol, solar panels, batteries, or other power sources. The energy source (142) may also provide energy to another system of the vehicle (100).
The transmission apparatus (143) may transmit mechanical power from the engine (141) to the wheel (144). The transmission apparatus (143) may include a gearbox, a differential, and a drive shaft. In an embodiment, the transmission apparatus (143) may further include another component, for example, a clutch. The drive shaft may include one or more shafts that may be coupled to one or more wheels (144).
Some or all of the functions of the vehicle (100) are controlled by the computing platform (150). The computing platform (150) may include at least one processor (151), and the at least one processor (151) may execute instructions (153) stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium, such as a memory (152). In some embodiments, the computing platform (150) may also be a plurality of computing devices that control individual components or subsystems of the vehicle (100) in a distributed manner.
The processor (151) may be any conventional processor, such as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU). Alternatively, the processor (151) may further include, for example, a graphic processing unit (graphic processing unit, GPU), a field-programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA), a system on chip (system on chip, SOC), an application-specific integrated chip (application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC), or a combination thereof. Although
In various aspects described herein, the processor may be located far away from the vehicle and communicate with the vehicle in a wireless manner. In another aspect, some processes described herein are performed on a processor disposed inside the vehicle, while others are performed by a remote processor, including performing steps necessary for single manipulation.
In some embodiments, the memory (152) may include instructions (153), for example, program logic. The instruction (153) may be executed by the processor (151) to perform various functions of the vehicle (100). The memory (152) may also include additional instructions, including instructions to send data to, receive data from, interact with, and/or control one or more of the information entertainment system (110), the sensing system (120), the decision control system (130), and the drive system (140).
In addition to the instructions (153), the memory (152) may further store data, such as a road map, route information, and a location, a direction, a speed, and other such vehicle data of the vehicle, and other information. Such information may be used by the vehicle (100) and the computer system 150 during operation of the vehicle (100) in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and/or manual modes.
The computing platform (150) may control the functions of the vehicle (100) based on inputs received from various subsystems (for example, the drive system (140), the sensing system (120), and the decision control system (130)). For example, the computing platform (150) may utilize input from the decision control system (130) to control the steering system (133) to avoid obstacles detected by the sensing system (120). In some embodiments, the computer system 150 is operated to provide control over many aspects of the vehicle (100) and the subsystems of vehicle.
A vehicle control unit (132) may be configured to coordinate and control the power battery and the engine (141) of the vehicle, to improve power performance of the vehicle (100).
Optionally, one or more of the foregoing components may be installed separately from or associated with the vehicle (100). For example, the memory 152 may exist partially or completely separate from the vehicle (100). The foregoing components may be communicatively coupled together in a wired and/or wireless manner.
Optionally, the foregoing components are merely examples. During actual application, components in the foregoing modules may be added or removed based on an actual requirement.
An autonomous vehicle traveling on a road, for example, the vehicle (100), may identify an object in an ambient environment of the autonomous vehicle, to determine to adjust a current speed. The object may be another vehicle, a traffic control device, or another type of object. In some examples, each identified object may be considered separately, and based on features of each object, such as a current speed of the object, acceleration of the object, and a spacing between the object and the vehicle, may be used to determine the speed to be adjusted by the autonomous vehicle.
Optionally, the vehicle (100) or a sensing and computing device (for example, the computing system (131), the computing platform (150)) associated with the vehicle (100) may predict a behavior of the recognized object based on a characteristic of the recognized object and a state of the ambient environment (for example, traffic, rain, ice on the road, etc.). Optionally, all identified objects depend on behavior of each other, and therefore all the identified objects may be considered together to predict behavior of a single identified object. The vehicle (100) can adjust the speed of the vehicle (100) based on the predicted behavior of the identified object. In other words, the autonomous vehicle can determine, based on the predicted behavior of the object, a state to which the vehicle needs to be adjusted (for example, acceleration, deceleration, or stop). In this process, another factor may also be considered to determine the speed of the vehicle (100), for example, a horizontal location of the vehicle (100) on a road on which the vehicle travels, curvature of the road, and proximity between a static object and a dynamic object.
In addition to providing an instruction for adjusting the speed of the autonomous vehicle, the computing device may provide an instruction for modifying a steering angle of the vehicle (100), so that the autonomous vehicle can follow a given track and/or maintain a safe horizontal distance and a safe vertical distance from an object (for example, a car on a neighboring lane of the road) near the autonomous vehicle.
In some embodiments, the vehicle may exchange data with a cloud to implement various functions or application services of the vehicle, or upgrade the vehicle. Data exchange may be implemented based on an existing communications standard, for example, C-V2X or LTE-V2X.
In some embodiments, the vehicle obtains a high-definition map service based on data provided by a cloud. For a large city or region, an entire set of high-definition maps has a large amount of data, and is not suitable or cannot be completely stored on a vehicle end. Therefore, during driving, the vehicle obtains a high-definition map of a small area at a current location in real time, and map data is loaded in real time as required. When a high-definition map of a specific area is not required, the high-definition map of the area is released from the vehicle.
In some embodiments, the vehicle can improve safety in a driving process using technologies such as interaction with a cloud and vehicle-to-vehicle V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication. The vehicle may collect road surface information and ambient vehicle information by using an in-vehicle sensor, and share the information with ambient vehicles by using a cloud or V2V, so as to help an advanced driver assistance system (advanced driver assistance system, ADAS) of the vehicle obtain adequate information and avoid collision. In harsh weather conditions, vehicles can obtain weather information and road traffic accident information from the cloud to assist the ADAS system of the vehicle in planning and reduce accident risks. For example, in rainstorm weather, a vehicle may obtain a road section with severe water accumulation in real time through the cloud, so that the road section with severe water accumulation can be avoided in navigation planning.
In some embodiments, the vehicle may reduce energy consumption of the vehicle and reduce carbon emission by interacting with a cloud. For example, the cloud may send real-time traffic light information to the vehicle, and the ADAS system of the vehicle may receive a traffic light change interval at a front intersection in advance, and calculate a time used by the vehicle to pass based on a current vehicle speed, so as to determine a proper and safe passing time and plan a driving speed of the vehicle. In this way, not only energy consumption of the vehicle can be reduced, but also driving safety can be improved.
In some embodiments, the vehicle may obtain/update an algorithm of the ADAS system of the vehicle through the cloud, for example, a neural network-based image processing algorithm used by a perception module of the ADAS system, and for example, a convolutional neural network (convolutional neural network, CNN)-based image processing algorithm. Training of the image processing algorithm may be completed on the cloud, and is updated as training data is updated. Correspondingly, the vehicle may periodically obtain an updated image processing algorithm from the cloud, or in some embodiments, the vehicle periodically obtains a parameter of an updated image processing algorithm from the cloud. In this way, an image processing algorithm of a vehicle end can be periodically updated, so that a function of the vehicle can be periodically improved. The foregoing process may also be applicable to another algorithm (for example, a voice processing algorithm). In addition, the vehicle may also upload data obtained by the vehicle to the cloud, to provide training data for an algorithm and the like on the cloud.
The vehicle (100) may be a car, a truck, a motorcycle, a bus, a boat, an airplane, a helicopter, a lawn mower, a recreational vehicle, a playground vehicle, a construction device, a trolley, a golf cart, a train, a handcart, or the like. This is not specifically limited in embodiments of this application.
For automobiles, a braking system is one of the most important systems in automobile field, which is directly related to comprehensive performance of vehicles and safety of passengers' lives and property. The braking system of the vehicle has undergone several changes and improvements, from leather friction braking to drum brakes and disc brakes, then to a mechanical anti-lock braking system, and then to an analog electronic anti-lock braking system emerging with the development of electronics technologies. When a new energy vehicle decelerates or brakes, a part of mechanical energy of the vehicle may be converted into electric energy by using a motor and the electric energy is stored in a battery, and a part of braking force is generated to implement speed reduction or braking of the vehicle. When the vehicle accelerates again, the motor reconverts energy stored in the battery into kinetic energy for driving of the vehicle. Due to a series of limitations such as single shaft braking and low braking strength on regenerative braking of the motor, not requirements of all braking conditions can be met. Therefore, the new energy vehicle still requires a conventional hydraulic braking system.
In recent years, for the pursuit of integration, high efficiency and reliability, research on brake-by-wire (brake-by-wire, BBW) systems has gradually emerged. The brake-by-wire system includes an electro-hydraulic brake (electro-hydraulic brake, EHB) system and an electro-mechanical brake (electro-mechanical brake, EMB) system.
EHB, developed on the basis of a conventional hydraulic brake, performs braking through driving a hydraulic system by a motor. Compared with EMB, EHB retains a hydraulic mechanical braking system as a backup, which can ensure safety in braking of a vehicle when a fault occurs on an electronic control unit. Currently, EHB has become one of the research hotspots in the development of the braking systems of vehicles.
The electro-hydraulic braking system is developed on the basis of the conventional hydraulic brake. A control mechanism of the electro-hydraulic braking system uses an electronic braking pedal instead of a conventional hydraulic braking pedal, and hydraulic pressure for barking is established by a hydraulic pump driven by a direct-current motor, which can achieve a linear braking effect. However, feedback of an electro-hydraulic braking pedal in a braking energy recovery condition is significantly different from feedback of the electro-hydraulic braking pedal in a non-braking energy recovery condition, and the decoupled control is inconvenient. In addition, because electro-hydraulic braking is not suitable for parking braking, a vehicle equipped with the electro-hydraulic braking system usually needs to be additionally equipped with a parking braking apparatus, which increases complexity and costs of a vehicle system.
For the electro-mechanical braking system, a braking pedal and a braking system can be decoupled effectively, but the electro-mechanical braking system cannot continue to work when a power source of the braking system fails, which may cause a driving safety problem.
To resolve the foregoing problems, this application provides a hydraulic apparatus, a braking apparatus, a braking system, and a braking control method, which have good integration and miniaturization effects. According to the solutions provided in this application, integration of electro-mechanical braking and electro-hydraulic braking functions can be implemented. The following describes in detail embodiments provided in this application.
The rear shaft braking module includes a braking apparatus provided in some embodiments of this application. The following describes in detail the braking apparatus provided in embodiments of this application. Then, with reference to the braking system provided in embodiments of this application, this specification of this application describes the braking apparatus, the braking system, and the braking system control method provided in embodiments of this application.
Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 of this application provide four possible implementations of a braking apparatus. Embodiment 5 provides a possible implementation of a braking system. Embodiment 6 provides a braking system control method. Embodiment 7 provides a braking system control method.
In Embodiment 1, the wheel cylinder includes a hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), a piston (17-2), a first sealing component (17-4) and a second sealing component (17-7), a ball screw (17-11), and a screw nut (17-12). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is of a hollow cylinder shape, provided with a first opening and a second opening respectively at two ends. The piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the first opening. The first sealing component (17-4) covers the second opening. The second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the piston (17-2). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is provided with a liquid flow opening (17-6), and the liquid flow opening (17-6) is located between the first sealing component (17-4) and the piston (17-2). The screw nut (17-12) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). The ball screw (17-11) is connected to the screw nut (17-12) and passes through the first sealing component (17-4). The screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). The liquid flow opening (17-6) and the screw nut (17-12) are on a same side of the piston (17-2). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the piston (17-2), the ball screw (17-11), the first sealing component (17-4) and the second sealing component (17-7) are configured to form a hydraulic chamber (17-5)
In Embodiment 1, the drive mechanism (17-15) is a motor and includes a motor output shaft (17-15a).
In Embodiment 1, the braking actuator mechanism may be a disc brake, and the braking actuator mechanism includes a caliper (17-14) integrated with the wheel cylinder. The caliper (17-14) includes a support arm (17-14a) and a friction plate (17-14b), and other components are not shown.
It should be noted that in this specification, a braking lining block (17-14b) is also referred to as a friction plate.
In Embodiment 1, the output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism (17-15) is connected to the ball screw (17-11) of the wheel cylinder. The piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the screw nut (17-12), and to act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking. In addition, the piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder may also move in the direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6) under push of hydraulic oil, and act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking.
It should be noted that, in Embodiment 1, a radius of the second opening is set to be equal to a radius of the first opening, but this is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. It should be understood that the second opening may be circular, or may be in another shape based on different sealing apparatuses or different transmission apparatuses. Further, a radius of the second opening may be less than a radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). Optionally, a radius of the second opening may be equal to a radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). When the radius of the second opening is equal to the radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), as shown in
In Embodiment 2, the wheel cylinder includes a hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), a piston (17-2), a first sealing component (17-4) and a second sealing component (17-7), a ball screw (17-11), and a screw nut (17-12). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is of a hollow cylinder shape, provided with a first opening and a second opening respectively at two ends. The piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the first opening. The first sealing component (17-4) covers the second opening. The second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the piston (17-2). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is provided with a liquid flow opening (17-6), and the liquid flow opening (17-6) is located between the first sealing component (17-4) and the piston (17-2). The screw nut (17-12) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). The ball screw (17-11) is connected to the screw nut (17-12) and passes through the first sealing component (17-4). The screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). The liquid flow opening (17-6) and the screw nut (17-12) are on a same side of the piston (17-2). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the piston (17-2), the ball screw (17-11), the first sealing component (17-4) and the second sealing component (17-7) are configured to form a hydraulic chamber (17-5)
In Embodiment 2, the drive mechanism (17-15) is a motor and includes an output shaft (17-15a).
In Embodiment 2, the braking actuator mechanism may be a disc brake, and the braking actuator mechanism includes a caliper (17-14) integrated with the wheel cylinder. The caliper (17-14) includes a support arm (17-14a) and a friction plate (17-14b), and other components are not shown.
In Embodiment 2, the planetary reduction mechanism includes: a sun gear (17-13a), a planet gear (17-13b), a ring gear (17-13c), and a planet carrier (17-13d).
In Embodiment 2, the motor output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism is fastened to the sun gear (17-13a), and the planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw (17-11). The piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the screw nut (17-12), and to act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking. In addition, the piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder may also move in the direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6) under push of hydraulic oil, and act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking.
Compared with Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 further includes a reduction mechanism, which can amplify an output torque of the drive mechanism. Under a same torque requirement, a drive motor with smaller output power can be matched.
In Embodiment 3, the wheel cylinder includes a hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), a piston (17-2), a first sealing component (17-4) and a second sealing component (17-7), a ball screw (17-11), and a screw nut (17-12). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is of a hollow cylinder shape, provided with a first opening and a second opening respectively at two ends. The piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and is located at the first opening. The first sealing component (17-4) covers the second opening. The second sealing component (17-7) is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) and the piston (17-2). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1) is provided with a liquid flow opening (17-6), and the liquid flow opening (17-6) is located between the first sealing component (17-4) and the piston (17-2). The screw nut (17-12) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). The ball screw (17-11) is connected to the screw nut (17-12) and passes through the first sealing component (17-4). The screw nut (17-12) and the ball screw (17-11) are matched in the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1). The liquid flow opening (17-6) and the screw nut (17-12) are on a same side of the piston (17-2). The hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), the piston (17-2), the ball screw (17-11), the first sealing component (17-4) and the second sealing component (17-7) are configured to form a hydraulic chamber (17-5)
In Embodiment 3, the drive mechanism (17-15) is a motor and includes an output shaft (17-15a).
In Embodiment 3, the braking actuator mechanism may be a disc brake, and the braking actuator mechanism includes a caliper (17-14) integrated with the wheel cylinder. The caliper (17-14) includes a support arm (17-14a) and a friction plate (17-14b), and other components are not shown.
In Embodiment 3, the planetary reduction mechanism includes: a sun gear (17-13a), a planet gear (17-13b), a ring gear (17-13c), and a planet carrier (17-13d).
In Embodiment 3, the motor output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism is fastened to the sun gear (17-13a), and the planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw (17-11).
In Embodiment 3, the motor output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism is fastened to the sun gear (17-13a), and the planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw (17-11). The piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the screw nut (17-12), and to act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking. In addition, the piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder may also move in the direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6) under push of hydraulic oil, and act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking.
Compared with Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3 further includes a locking mechanism (17-10), which is also referred to as a locking component (17-10) in this specification of this application. The locking component (17-10) includes a first working state and a second working state. When the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are coupled. In Embodiment 3, the locking component (17-10) is configured to lock the ball screw (17-11) by locking the planet carrier (17-13d). When the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the locking component (17-10) and the planet carrier (17-13d) are decoupled.
It should be noted that the locking function of the locking component helps protect the motor of the drive mechanism (17-15) under some specific working conditions. For example, when a vehicle needs to brake for a long time in a long downhill process, after the braking disc is clamped, the locking component is switched to a locked state. In this case, force of the piston (17-2) for pushing the friction plate (17-14b) to press on the braking disc (17-16) can be maintained, and therefore the motor may stop working, avoid damage caused by long-time stalling of the motor in a long downhill working condition, and prolong service life of the motor. In addition, after the vehicle stops stably and the braking disc is clamped, the locking component is switched to the locking state, and braking force is maintained, and parking braking can be completed.
It should be further noted that when the braking apparatus provided in this embodiment of this application is in the locked state, a hydraulic circuit may further continue to inject hydraulic oil into the hydraulic chamber (17-5), to further push the piston (17-2) to press the friction plate (17-14b) onto the braking disc (17-16) by increasing oil pressure in the hydraulic chamber (17-5), to meet a requirement for larger braking force.
In a possible implementation, as shown in
In Embodiment 3, the guide rod (17-10e) is fastened to the planet carrier (17-13d), and the reset spring (17-10g) connects the sliding sleeve (17-10d) to the planet carrier (17-13d). The locking disc (17-10a) is fastened to the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1).
When forward electricity is supplied to the electromagnetic coil (17-10b), the sliding sleeve (17-10d) embedded with the permanent magnet on the surface moves along the guide rod (17-10e) in a direction of approaching the locking disc (17-10a) under action force of a magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil (17-10b), and snaps into the groove (17-10c) on the locking disc (17-10a), to complete locking. In this case, the locking component is corresponding to the first working state. When reverse electricity is supplied to the electromagnetic coil (17-10b), the sliding sleeve (17-10d) embedded with the permanent magnet on the surface moves along the guide rod (17-10e) in a direction away from the locking disc (17-10a) under action force of a magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil (17-10b), and moves back from the groove (17-10c) on the locking disc (17-10a), to complete unlocking. In this case, the locking component is corresponding to the second working state. When the vehicle is in a long downhill process or parked, to prevent overheating caused by long-time working or stalling of the motor, the locking component can lock the ball screw (17-11) and the screw nut (17-12) after the braking disc is clamped, to maintain a push force on the piston (17-2) and a press force of the friction plate on the braking disc. In this case, the drive mechanism (17-5) may stop working.
Optionally, a second permanent magnet (not shown) may be further disposed in the groove, so that the locking mechanism maintains a locked state after the sliding sleeve (17-10d) snaps into the groove (17-10c). Even if electricity supplied to the electromagnetic coil (17-10b) is broken, the locking mechanism may continue to maintain the locked state, and can be used for parking braking. When the reverse electricity is supplied to the electromagnetic coil (17-10b), and the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil (17-10b) causes force that enables the sliding sleeve (17-10d) to move back from the groove (17-10c) and pulling force of the reset spring (17-10g) to be greater than force of a magnetic field of the second permanent magnet that enables the sliding sleeve (17-10d) to stay in the groove (17-10c), the sliding sleeve (17-10d) moves back from the groove (17-10c), to complete the unlocking.
The reset spring (17-10g) may restore the sliding sleeve (17-10d) to an initial position, and may ensure that the sliding sleeve (17-10d) maintains connection to a mechanism connected to the sliding sleeve (17-10d), to prevent the sliding sleeve (17-10d) from detaching from the mechanism connected to the sliding sleeve (17-10d). In a process of unlocking of the locking component, the reset spring (17-10g) may further serve as a cushion between the sliding sleeve (17-10d) and the mechanism connected to the sliding sleeve (17-10d), to reduce impact and noise.
It should be noted that the locking mechanism shown in this embodiment of this application is merely an example, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. The locking mechanism has a plurality of implementations, for example, in another possible implementation. The locking mechanism (17-10) is a friction electromagnetic clutch. When the locking component (17-10) is in the first working state, the friction plate performs pressing and is locked through a friction force. When the locking component (17-10) is in the second working state, the friction plate is detached and unlocked.
In addition, the locking mechanism (17-10) in this embodiment of this application may further have other control logic. For example, when electricity is supplied to the electromagnetic coil (17-10b), the locking mechanism (17-10) performs locking; or when electricity supplied to the electromagnetic coil (17-10b) is broken, the locking mechanism (17-10) performs unlocking. However, it should be noted that, under this control logic, the locking mechanism cannot complete parking self-locking after electricity is broken.
It should be noted that the braking apparatus provided in this embodiment of this application further has a plurality of other possible implementations. The wheel cylinder in the braking apparatus may be a hydraulic apparatus shown in any one of
For another example,
In Embodiment 4, the wheel cylinder of the braking apparatus is shown in
In Embodiment 4, the drive mechanism (17-15) is a motor and includes an output shaft (17-15a).
In Embodiment 4, the braking actuator mechanism may be a disc brake, and the braking actuator mechanism includes a caliper (17-14) integrated with the wheel cylinder. The caliper (17-14) includes a support arm (17-14a) and a friction plate (17-14b), and other components are not shown.
In Embodiment 4, the planetary reduction mechanism includes: a sun gear (17-13a), a planet gear (17-13b), a ring gear (17-13c), and a planet carrier (17-13d).
In Embodiment 4, the locking mechanism (17-10) according to Embodiment 3 is further included.
In Embodiment 4, the motor output shaft (17-15a) of the drive mechanism is fastened to the sun gear (17-13a), and the planet carrier (17-13d) is fastened to the ball screw (17-11). The piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder is configured to be enabled to move in a direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6), driven by the screw nut (17-12), and to act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking. In addition, the piston (17-2) of the wheel cylinder may also move in the direction away from the liquid flow opening (17-6) under push of hydraulic oil, and act on the braking actuator mechanism to implement braking.
In addition, the braking apparatus provided in embodiments of this application may be any other variation that can be obtained without creative efforts. Details are not described in this embodiment of this application.
The following uses Embodiment 3 as an example. As shown in
First, as shown in
Second, the braking apparatus provided in this embodiment of this application further includes the electro-hydraulic braking function. Under control of a vehicle hydraulic circuit, hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic chamber (17-5) from the liquid flow opening (17-6). The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber (17-5) may push the piston (17-2) to press the friction plate (17-14b) on the braking disc (17-16) to perform a brake action.
Third, the braking apparatus provided in this embodiment of this application may further implement both the electro-mechanical braking and the electro-hydraulic braking functions. The motor of the drive mechanism (17-15) is controlled to drive the ball screw (17-11) to rotate and push the piston (17-2) through the screw nut (17-12) to press the friction plate (17-14b) on the braking disc (17-16). At the same time, an external hydraulic circuit is controlled to inject hydraulic oil into the hydraulic chamber (17-5), and the hydraulic oil pushes the piston (17-2) to further press the friction plate (17-14b) on the braking disc (17-16). Therefore, according to the braking apparatus provided in this embodiment of this application, the electro-mechanical braking and the electro-hydraulic braking can work simultaneously, to obtain a combined braking force of the electro-mechanical braking and the electro-hydraulic braking, to provide a better braking effect for a vehicle. This is very necessary in some working conditions. For example, in a case of emergency braking, when braking force generated by using only the electro-mechanical braking or using only the electro-hydraulic braking cannot meet a requirement of the vehicle for braking force, the braking apparatus provided in this embodiment of this application can fully utilize an advantage generated when the electro-mechanical braking and the electro-hydraulic braking work simultaneously, to better meet a requirement of the vehicle for a larger braking force.
A person skilled in the art may understand that the braking system may use a plurality of types of braking actuator mechanisms, including not only a disc brake, but also at least a drum brake. In a possible implementation, when the braking actuator mechanism is the drum brake, the braking actuator mechanism may include a braking shoe and a braking drum. At this time, the drum brake as the braking actuator mechanism can also realize the electro-mechanical brake function, the electro-hydraulic brake function, and the function of the electro-mechanical brake and the electro-hydraulic brake working simultaneously. Correspondingly, when the drum brake is used, the piston (17-2) pushes the braking shoe in the drum brake, so that the shoe is pressed on the braking drum, to generate braking force to implement speed reduction or parking.
A person skilled in the art may understand that, for the drum brake, a possible implementation may be a plurality of different types such as a leading shoe type and a trailing shoe type. Details are not described in this embodiment of this application. The disc braking mechanism or the drum braking mechanism in this embodiment of this application is merely used as an example of a possible implementation, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application.
It should be noted that the piston (17-2) is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder (17-1) and is located at the opening of the hydraulic cylinder (17-1), but the piston (17-2) may be partially slid out of the hydraulic cylinder (17-1) for driving.
It should be noted that, in this implementation, an end that is of the screw nut (17-12) in the hydraulic cylinder and that is close to the piston (17-2) can enable the hydraulic oil to be in contact with one side of the piston (17-2), which may be implemented in at least the following manner:
For example, in a possible implementation, the screw nut (17-12) and an inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body are not sealed. For example, a radius of the screw nut (17-12) is less than an inner radius of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), so that the hydraulic oil may press the piston (17-2) after passing through a gap between the screw nut (17-12) and the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), to further push the piston.
For another example, in another possible implementation, the screw nut (17-12) touches the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body (17-1), and a through hole exists between a surface that is of the screw nut (17-12) and that is away from the piston (17-2) and a surface that is of the screw nut (17-12) and that is close to the piston (17-2), so that the hydraulic oil can pass through the screw nut (17-12) through the through holes, to push the piston (17-2) to move in the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder.
As described above, the braking apparatus provided in this embodiment of this application has a high integration level, and can integrate mechanical braking and hydraulic braking functions with a small size, to implement function integration and miniaturization.
Based on the braking apparatus provided in embodiments of this application, Embodiment 5 of this application provides a braking system.
In Embodiment 5, the pedal braking module may include a braking pedal (1), a liquid storage tank (2), a braking master cylinder (3), an on-off valve (4), and a pedal feedback simulator (5). The braking master cylinder (3) in this embodiment uses a series dual-chamber main cylinder: A first chamber of the braking master cylinder is connected to the pedal simulator (5) through the on-off valve (4), and pressure of the first chamber of the braking master cylinder (3) is transferred to an in-wheel braking circuit through a valve (11); and pressure of a second chamber of the braking master cylinder (3) is transferred to an in-wheel circuit through an on-off valve (10), to implement double-circuit backup of pressure of the braking master cylinder (3).
In Embodiment 5, the braking boost module may include a pressure ECU (6), a boost motor (7), and a linear pump (8). The pressure ECU (6) is electrically connected to the boost motor (7), and can control the boost motor (7) to rotate to drive a piston of the linear pump (8) to move, to establish braking pressure. The linear pump pressure module is connected to one end of a boost on-off valve (9), and the other end of the boost on-off valve (9) is connected to a braking hydraulic circuit. The boost on-off valve (9) may transfer the established pressure to an in-wheel braking circuit.
In Embodiment 5, the front shaft braking module mainly includes a pressure valve (12/14), a pressure-relief valve (13/15), and a front shaft braking assembly (19/20). In this embodiment, valve system structures such as the pressure valve (12/14) and the pressure-relief valve (13/15) are mainly used to adjust pressure of a front shaft wheel cylinder in functions such as anti-lock braking, anti-skid traction, and stability control. In this embodiment, the front shaft braking assembly (19/20) uses a disc brake that includes a wheel cylinder, a braking caliper, and a braking disc.
In Embodiment 5, a braking control module (16) is electrically connected to the pedal braking module, the braking boost module, the front shaft braking module, and the rear shaft braking module, and may perform state monitoring and control on the entire braking system (some monitoring and control relationships are not shown). The braking control module (16) starts or stops working by controlling one or more of the on-off valve (4/9/10/11), the pressure valve (12/14), the pressure-relief valve (13/15), the pedal braking module, the braking boost module, the front shaft braking module, and the rear shaft braking module, to implement functions such as braking force allocation and anti-lock braking.
It should be noted that the braking control module (16) may be a dedicated ECU set for a braking system, or may be a computing platform (150) of a vehicle (100), a vehicle control unit (132), or the like. This is not limited in this application. In an embodiment, the braking control module (16) is sometimes referred to as a braking ECU. The on-off valve (4/9/10/11) may be a solenoid valve, and is sometimes referred to as an electromagnetic valve in embodiments. When a difference between the two is not emphasized, the foregoing corresponding names represent a same object in embodiments, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of this application.
In Embodiment 5, the rear shaft braking module mainly includes a rear shaft braking assembly (21/22), and each rear shaft braking assembly includes any one of the braking apparatuses (17/18) described in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4, or any other deformation obtained without creative efforts. In this embodiment, a rear shaft braking assembly (17) on the left has same configuration as a rear shaft braking assembly (18) on the right. A liquid flow opening of the braking apparatus (17/18) is connected to the braking circuit.
It should be noted that the braking system provided in this embodiment of this application is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. For example, a front wheel of the braking system may also use the braking apparatus provided in embodiments of this application.
With reference to a specific scenario, a working principle of the braking system provided in this embodiment of this application is described below.
The braking system provided in this embodiment of this application has a plurality of working modes. The braking system provided in this embodiment of this application is described as follows in four typical application scenarios: a conventional brake-by-wire mode (including energy recovery), an emergency braking mode, a redundant brake-by-wire mode, and a parking braking mode.
It should be noted that the pressure ECU (6) for controlling a motor may alternatively be integrated with the braking ECU (16), or implemented by a control module.
Based on the braking system provided in Embodiment 5, Embodiment 6 of this application provides a braking system control method.
S1: Calculate target braking pressure.
The target braking pressure is obtained based on a current vehicle state or a driver braking intention. S21 is performed.
S21: Calculate energy recovery braking force.
For vehicles with a braking energy recovery function, the braking energy recovery function can provide braking force in a specific degree. After braking force generated through the braking energy recovery function is obtained, S22 is performed.
It should be noted that, when the vehicle does not have the braking energy recovery function, S21 may be omitted, that is, the braking force generated through the braking energy recovery function does not need to be calculated, and S22 is directly performed.
S22: Determine whether front shaft braking requires participation of hydraulic braking force.
After the braking force from a braking energy recovery part is obtained, it is determined whether the front shaft part requires the hydraulic braking force.
If the braking force generated through the braking energy recovery function is sufficient to meet a requirement of target braking force, to further ensure proper allocation of front shaft braking force and rear shaft braking force of the vehicle, optionally, the braking control module (16) allocates target mechanical braking force to the rear shaft braking apparatus (17/18), so that the front shaft braking force and the rear shaft braking force meet an allocation ratio of front shaft braking force and rear shaft braking force under a current braking policy. Afterward, S3 is performed. The braking apparatus (17/18) is controlled to generate braking pressure, and the braking process ends.
If the braking force generated through the braking energy recovery function is insufficient to meet the requirement of target braking force, S23 is performed.
S23: Determine whether participation of a rear shaft EMB is required.
The energy recovery braking force is obtained. When the energy recovery braking force is not sufficient to meet the requirement of target braking force, intervention of hydraulic braking force is required. It is determined whether combined force of the hydraulic braking force and the energy recovery braking force meets the requirement of target braking force.
When the combined force of the hydraulic braking force and the energy recovery braking force can meet the requirement of target braking force, participation of the rear shaft EMB is not required. The braking control module (16) controls the braking boost module to start to boost pressure, to provide hydraulic braking force for the front and rear shafts, and S3 is performed. After the target braking pressure is established, the braking process ends.
When the combined force of the hydraulic braking force and the energy recovery braking force cannot meet the requirement of target braking force, intervention of rear shaft mechanical braking force is further required. S24 is performed.
S24: Determine whether in a working condition that requires long-time braking, such as in a long downhill process.
If the vehicle is not in the working condition that requires long-time braking such as in a long downhill process, when the combined force of the hydraulic braking force and the energy recovery braking force (for a vehicle with a braking energy recovery function) cannot meet the requirement of the target braking force, or when the hydraulic braking force cannot meet the requirement of the target braking force (for a vehicle without a braking energy recovery function), the braking control module (16) controls the rear shaft braking apparatus (17/18) to generate mechanical braking force. In this way, combined force of the mechanical braking force, the hydraulic braking force and the energy recovery braking force (if any) meets the requirement of target braking force. At this time, the rear shaft braking apparatus (17/18) is in a service braking mode. Then, S3 is performed. After the target braking pressure is established, the braking process ends.
If the vehicle is in the working condition that requires long-time braking, such as in the long downhill process, the braking control module (16) controls the rear shaft braking apparatus (17/18) to generate mechanical braking force, and controls the braking apparatus to be in a locked state, to maintain a constant mechanical braking force, so as to meet a requirement for long-time braking, and avoid overheating caused by long-time working or stalling of the motor. Then, S3 is performed. After the target braking pressure is established, the braking process ends.
It should be noted that, when the braking apparatus (17/18) is in the locked state, the hydraulic braking force generated by the braking apparatus (17/18) may still change. Even if the hydraulic braking force generated by the braking apparatus (17/18) is 0, the mechanical braking force generated by the braking apparatus can still be maintained. Therefore, in the locked state, total braking force generated by the braking apparatus (17/18) can be changed, that is, when the mechanical braking force is maintained, a magnitude of the hydraulic braking force can be adjusted to adapt to a change of the target braking force.
It should be noted that, S1 and S2 may be completed by the braking control module (16). The braking control module (16) may be a dedicated ECU disposed for a braking system, or may be a computing platform (150) of a vehicle (100), a vehicle control unit (132), or the like. This is not limited in this application.
It should be noted that optionally, S1 and S2 may further be performed by a cloud server. For example, a high-definition map service and other vehicle or traffic signal information are obtained by using data provided by a cloud, and the cloud server calculates to determine whether a braking action needs to be performed currently and a magnitude of the braking force that is required for braking, and the vehicle executes a calculation result. Alternatively, a braking intention may be generated based on the information provided by the cloud, and a braking action may be further completed. Details are not described in this application.
In addition, it should be noted that, if the braking apparatus (17/18) does not have a locking function, S24 may be omitted. S3 may be directly performed. After braking pressure that meets the requirement of the target braking force is established, the braking process ends.
Based on the braking system provided in Embodiment 5, Embodiment 7 of this application provides a braking system control method.
S1: Obtain a parking braking instruction.
A braking instruction or parking intention is obtained. S2 is performed.
S2: Determine whether parking braking force meets a requirement.
If the parking braking force meets the requirement, the braking apparatus (17/18) is locked. S3 is performed.
If the parking braking force does not meet the requirement, S21 is performed.
S21: The braking apparatus (17/18) adjusts mechanical braking force. Then, S2 is performed to continue to determine whether the braking force requirement is met.
S3: Lock the braking apparatus.
After the braking apparatus is locked, S4 is performed.
S4: Power off the drive motor of the braking apparatus, and parking is completed. The process ends.
As described above, some braking apparatuses and braking systems provided in embodiments of this application have at least the following features and advantages:
Second, a pedal braking function and a hydraulic boosting function are decoupled. The front shaft braking energy recovery function can be fully used, and more redundant backup is provided. For example, pedal braking and hydraulic boosting braking are decoupled, the mechanical braking may be used when the hydraulic braking fails, and the pedal braking may still be used when rear wheel mechanical braking fails. A three-way redundancy function: electro-hydraulic braking, electro-mechanical braking and pedal braking can be implemented. In addition, this helps decoupled control of the front shaft braking force and the rear shaft braking force in a process of energy recovery, to provide improved pedal feedback in terms of a foot sense.
Third, some braking apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application further have the locking component, so that parking braking can be implemented, a parking braking apparatus is not used, a size of the braking apparatus can be reduced, and an overall vehicle design can be simplified. In addition, the drive mechanism of the braking apparatus can also be effectively protected under a long downhill condition.
Fourth, the pressure apparatus provides hydraulic braking force for the front wheel and the rear wheel. In the front wheel, functions such as anti-lock braking and stability control are implemented by adjusting the hydraulic valve. In the rear wheel, functions such as anti-lock braking and stability control are implemented through cooperation of the hydraulic braking and the electro-mechanical braking.
According to the hydraulic apparatus, the braking apparatus, and the braking system provided in embodiments of this application, a component that can be driven by an external motor to push the piston to move in the hydraulic cylinder is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder, to implement hydraulic braking and brake-by-wire that are coupled. In other words, a system redundancy function can be provided, and the hydraulic apparatus can also be miniaturized. Further, the hydraulic apparatus is integrated with the locking component (17-10), a parking braking function can be implemented, and a separate parking braking system is not needed, so that complexity of the entire braking system is reduced. The hydraulic apparatus provided in embodiments of this application may replace a conventional wheel cylinder, and is applied to a vehicle braking system. The hydraulic apparatus may provide separate hydraulic braking, separate mechanical braking, or hydraulic braking and mechanical braking that are combined, to implement functions including common braking, emergency braking, anti-lock braking, parking braking, and the like, fully utilize space in a wheel, optimize a braking effect, and improve a redundancy backup capability of the braking system.
The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/CN2020/139000, filed on Dec. 24, 2020, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2020/139000 | Dec 2020 | US |
| Child | 18340530 | US |
