Patent Application
20090084103
The present disclosure relates generally to a hydraulic system, and more particularly, to a hydraulic system having a controller for balancing fluid flow between one or more steering actuators and one or more other implements.
Many machines use multiple hydraulic actuators to accomplish a variety of tasks. Examples of such machines include without limitation dozers, loaders, excavators, motor graders, and other types of heavy machinery. The hydraulic actuators in such machines are linked via fluid flow lines to a pump associated with the machine to provide pressurized fluid to the hydraulic actuators. Chambers within the various actuators receive the pressurized fluid in controlled flow rates and/or pressures in response to operator demands or other signals. Although most such machines are deigned to allow multiple actuators to be used simultaneously, in certain circumstances the demanded fluid flow will exceed the output capabilities of the fluid pump, especially when a single such pump is used. In the event that a flow of fluid supplied to one of the actuators is less than what is demanded by the machine operator or control system, the affected actuator may respond too slowly, too gently, or otherwise behave in an unexpected manner.
Given this problem, various solutions have evolved in the art. One method of accommodating a demand for fluid flow that is greater than the capacity of an associated pump is described in U.S. Appl. 20060090459 by Devier et al. entitled “Hydraulic System Having Priority Based Flow Control” (“the '459 application”). The '459 application describes a hydraulic system controller that is configured to receive input indicative classifying a plurality of fluid actuators as being either of a first or a second type. When an input indicative of a desired flow rate for the plurality of fluid actuators is received, the controller determines a current flow rate of the source. If all demanded flow rates can be met, the controller demands this amount of flow. Otherwise, the controller demands the desired flow rate only for the first type of fluid actuator and scales down the desired flow rate for the second type of fluid actuator. When the desired flow rate just for the first type of fluid actuators alone exceeds the current flow rate of the source, the controller scales down the desired flow rate for all of the fluid actuators. Thus there are three regimes in which the controller of the '459 application operates.
The disclosed hydraulic system is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above. It should be appreciated that the foregoing background discussion is intended solely to aid the reader. It is not intended to limit the disclosure or claims, and thus should not be taken to indicate that any particular element of a prior system is unsuitable for use, nor is it intended to indicate any element, including solving the motivating problem, to be essential in implementing the examples described herein or similar examples.
The disclosure describes, in one aspect, a method of allocating hydraulic fluid between actuators in a machine. A controller accepts a first command to provide a first requested fluid flow to a first actuator, wherein the first actuator is a steering actuator, and a second command to provide a second requested fluid flow to a second actuator, wherein the second actuator is not a steering actuator. The system adjusts the first and second commands to produce adjusted first and second commands corresponding to adjusted first and second fluid flows, such that the sum of the adjusted first and second fluid flows is less than or equal to a maximum available flow and the adjusted first fluid flow meets or exceeds the lesser of the first requested fluid flow and a threshold curve that is a function of engine speed.
Other aspects, features, and embodiments of the described system and method will be apparent from the following discussion, taken in conjunction with the attached drawing FIGS.
This disclosure relates to a system and method for controlling a flow of hydraulic fluid in a plurality of parallel circuits in a machine. In particular, a controller applies one or more thresholds to control the flow priority among parallel circuits when the flow demanded for all circuits exceeds the available flow, e.g., from a hydraulic pump of the machine. Although the disclosure pertains to machines having more than one pump, the disclosed techniques are particularly advantageous in machines where only a single pump is available. The use of a single pump is often driven by machine size, engine power limitations, or cost requirements, and it is especially important to provide appropriately managed hydraulic fluid flows in such a machine to prevent inadequate machine performance.
Power source 72 supplies pressurized hydraulic fluid to hydraulic cylinder with housing 81 and drive member 82. Controls 73 will typically though not invariably include an operator-input device 83, provisions for gathering information about the motion of moveable components 71 and/or actuator 84, and provisions for controlling actuator 84. Actuator 84 may be a linear actuator, a rotary actuator, or a type of actuator that generates motion other than purely rotational or linear motion.
Actuator 84 is drivingly connected to moveable components 71. For example, as
Although the following discussion makes reference primarily to the machine 70 of
The fluid in tank 28 comprises, for example, a specialized hydraulic oil, an engine lubrication oil, a transmission lubrication oil, or other suitable fluid known in the art. One or more hydraulic systems within machine 70 draw fluid from and return fluid to tank 28. In an embodiment, hydraulic system 26 is connected to multiple separate fluid tanks.
Source 30, also referred to herein as a fluid pump, produces a pressurized flow of fluid and may comprise a variable displacement pump, a fixed displacement pump, a variable delivery pump, or other source of pressurized fluid. Source 30 may be connected to power source 18 by, for example, a countershaft 38, a belt (not shown), an electrical circuit (not shown), or in other suitable manner, or may be indirectly connected to power source 18 via a torque converter, a gear box, or in other appropriate system. As noted above, multiple sources of pressurized fluid may be interconnected to supply pressurized fluid to hydraulic system 26.
In the disclosed technique, it is often useful to be able to measure the flow of fluid provided by source 30. A flow rate available from source 30 may be determined, e.g., by sensing an angle of a swash plate within source 30, by observing a command sent to source 30, or by other suitable means. The flow rate may alternately be determined by a flow sensor such as coriolis sensor or otherwise, configured to determine an actual flow output from source 30. It is also possible to estimate expected flow based on other inputs and/or parameters. The flow rate available from the source 30 can generally be reduced or increased for various reasons within practical limitations. For example, a source displacement may be lowered to ensure that demanded pump power does not exceed available power from power source 18 at high pump pressures, or to reduced or increase pressures within hydraulic system 26.
Hydraulic cylinders 32a-c may for example connect a tool to frame 77 or 78 via a direct pivot, via a linkage system with each of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c forming one member in the linkage system (referring to
The piston may include two opposing hydraulic surfaces, one associated with each of the first and second chambers. An imbalance of fluid pressure on the two surfaces causes the piston assembly to axially move within tube 40. For example, a fluid pressure within the first hydraulic chamber acting on a first hydraulic surface being greater than a fluid pressure within the second hydraulic chamber acting on a second opposing hydraulic surface may cause the piston assembly to displace to increase the effective length of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c. Similarly, when a fluid pressure acting on the second hydraulic surface is greater than a fluid pressure acting on the first hydraulic surface, the piston assembly may retract within tube 40 to decrease the effective length of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c.
A sealing member (not shown), such as an o-ring, may be connected to the piston to restrict a flow of fluid between an internal wall of tube 40 and an outer cylindrical surface of the piston. The expansion and retraction of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c may function to assist in moving a tool.
Each of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c includes at least one proportional control valve 44 that functions to meter pressurized fluid from source 30 to one of the first and second hydraulic chambers, and at least one drain valve (not shown) that functions to allow fluid from the other of the first and second chambers to drain to tank 28. In an embodiment, proportional control valve 44 includes a spring biased proportional valve mechanism that is solenoid actuated and configured to move between a first position at which fluid is allowed to flow into one of the first and second chambers and a second position at which fluid flow is blocked from the first and second chambers. The location of the valve mechanism between the first and second positions determines a flow rate of the pressurized fluid directed into the associated first and second chambers. The valve mechanism may be movable between the first and second positions in response to a demanded flow rate that produces a desired movement of tool 14. The drain valve typically includes a spring biased valve mechanism that is solenoid-actuated and configured to move between a first position at which fluid is allowed to flow from the first and second chambers and a second position at which fluid is blocked from flowing from the first and second chambers. Although the illustrated example employs solenoid valves, the proportional control valve 44 and the drain valve may alternately be hydraulically actuated, mechanically actuated, pneumatically actuated, or actuated in another suitable manner.
With respect to driving the machine 70, motor 34 may be a variable displacement motor or a fixed displacement motor and is configured to receive a flow of pressurized fluid from source 30. The flow of pressurized fluid through motor 34 causes an output shaft 46 connected to a traction device, e.g., wheels 75, 76, to rotate, thereby propelling and/or steering the machine 70. The motor 34 may alternately be indirectly connected to a traction device via a gearbox or in any other manner known in the art. Motor 34 or other motor may be connected to a different mechanism on machine 70 other than the traction device. For example, motor 34 or other motor may be connected to a rotating work implement, a steering mechanism, or other machine mechanism known in the art. Motor 34 may include a proportional control valve 48 that controls a flow rate of the pressurized fluid supplied to motor 34. Proportional control valve 48 may include a spring biased proportional valve mechanism that is solenoid actuated and configured to move between a first position at which fluid is allowed to flow through motor 34 and a second position at which fluid flow is blocked from motor 34. The location of the valve mechanism between the first and second positions determines a flow rate of the pressurized fluid directed through the motor 34.
Control system 36 includes a controller 50 embodied in a single microprocessor or multiple microprocessors and associated standard electronic systems such as buffers, memory, multiplexers, display drivers, power supply circuitry, signal conditioning circuitry, solenoid driver circuitry, etc. for running an application or program, to control the operation of hydraulic system 26. Numerous commercially available microprocessors can be configured to perform the functions of controller 50. It will be appreciated that controller 50 may be embodied in a general machine microprocessor capable of controlling numerous machine functions.
Controller 50 is configured to receive input from operator interface 16 and to control the flow rate of pressurized fluid to hydraulic cylinders 32a-c and motor 34 in response to the input. Specifically, controller 50 is in communication with proportional control valves 44 of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c via communication lines 52, 54, and 56 respectively, with proportional control valve 48 of motor 34 via a communication line 58, with first operator interface device 22 via a communication line 60, and with second operator interface device 24 via a communication line 62. In the illustrated embodiment, controller 50 receives proportional signals generated by the first operator interface device 22 and selectively actuates one or more of proportional control valves 44 to selectively fill the first or second actuating chambers associated with hydraulic cylinders 32a-c to produce the desired tool movement. Controller 50 also receives the proportional signal generated by the second operator interface device 24 and selectively actuates proportional control valve 48 of motor 34 to produce the desired rotational movement of the traction device(s).
Controller 50 is in communication with source 30 via a communication line 64 and is configured to change the operation of the source 30 in response to a demand for pressurized fluid. Specifically, controller 50 may be configured to determine a desired flow rate of pressurized fluid that is required to produce machine movements desired by a machine operator (total desired flow rate) and indicated via first and/or second operator interface devices 22, 24. Controller 50 may be further configured to determine a current flow rate of source 30 and a maximum flow capacity of source 30. Controller 50 may be configured to increase the current flow rate of source 30 if the total desired flow rate is greater than the current flow rate and the current flow rate is less than the maximum flow capacity of source 30.
In an embodiment, the controller 50 is also configured to selectively reduce the desired flow rate of pressurized fluid to hydraulic cylinders 32a-c and/or motor 34 under certain circumstances as will be described in greater detail. In particular, if the total commanded flow rate exceeds the available flow rate, one or more of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c and/or motor 34 will not receive an adequate flow of pressurized fluid and the associated movements of machine 70 may be unpredictable.
In overview, when controller 50 determines that the total desired flow rate exceeds the available flow rate of source 30, the demanded flow rate for one or more of hydraulic cylinders 32a-c and/or motor 34 is reduced by moving the associated proportional control valves 44, 48 towards the second position. This allows a predictable flow of pressurized fluid to be made available to each such entity in response to an input received via operator interface 16, thereby providing predictable machine and tool movement.
From the foregoing, the manner in which the various system hydraulic components interact and are controllable will be appreciated. In the following, the electromechanical systems for controlling flow and movement will not be further detailed or referred to, but it will be appreciated that the steps carried out by the controller 50 are implemented using the systems and interrelationships described above.
The adjusted valve commands 108 are further refined via a closed loop transformation (closed loop transformation module) 109 based on feedback from the system sensors 105. This is necessitated because the valve control commands 104 and adjusted valve commands 108 are empirically based, and the actual operating environment and/or condition of the machine 10 may result in inaccuracies in these values. The closed loop transformation 109 outputs refined valve control signals 110. The refined valve control signals 110 are provided to the appropriate valves 111 to effect movement of the associated actuators 112, resulting qualitatively in the desired machine movement, although the magnitude and/or speed of the movement may be reduced from that commanded via the operator controls 101.
The thresholds governing hydraulic flow priority are illustrated with respect to demanded flows and available fluid flow in the chart 300 of
The amount of fluid flow available for distribution is shown as maximum available flow 303 (MAPF). The maximum available flow 303 may be limited by a mechanical stop or by an electronic stop such as a torque limit, power limit, displacement limit, flow limit, and so on. This curve 303 is linear with engine speed in a middle portion but plateaus at higher engine speeds due to a flow limit. In the illustrated example, maximum available flow 303 also drops off at lower engine speeds due to limitations imposed by an electronic controller.
A priority threshold 304 sets a minimum level of flow to the steering actuator, such that the flow provided to the steering actuator will always equal or exceed the priority threshold 304. Although the priority threshold 304 is a function of engine speed in the illustrated example, it may additionally or alternatively be a function of one or more other machine variables or parameters such as machine speed, linkage position, bucket and/or lift arm position, pump speed, pump pressures, etc. Finally, curve 305 illustrates the difference between maximum available flow 303 and a full demanded implement flow to a second actuator, i.e., for-tool movement.
In operation, the steering actuator is always guaranteed to receive an amount of flow corresponding to the lesser of the demanded flow and the amount of flow set by the priority threshold 304. Thus, the chart 300 represents four regions of operation labeled Region 1, Region 2, Region 3, and Region 4 within which fluid flow priority is adjusted differently. In Region 1, the difference between maximum available flow 303 and the requested flow to the tool actuator falls within this region. In this case, there is no need to prioritize the fluid flows between the steering actuator and tool actuator, and each thus receives its requested flow.
In Region 2, the system may be flow-limited in that the difference between maximum available flow 303 and the requested flow to the tool actuator falls below the maximum flow limit for the steering actuator. Thus, in this region, if the requested flow to the steering actuator exceeds the difference between maximum available flow 303 and the requested flow to the tool actuator, the flow to the steering actuator is reduced to the priority threshold 304.
In Region 3, the system may again be flow-limited in that the difference between maximum available flow 303 and the requested flow to the tool actuator falls below the maximum flow limit for the steering actuator. However, in this region, if the requested flow to the steering actuator exceeds the difference between maximum available flow 303 and the requested flow to the tool actuator, the flow to the steering actuator is increased to the priority threshold 304. This increase to the steering actuator flow comes at the expense of the tool actuator, which now receives a flow that is somewhat less than that requested.
In Region 4, the system is not flow-limited in that the difference between maximum available flow 303 and the requested flow to the tool actuator is greater than the flow requested for the steering actuator. In this region, each implement receives its requested flow.
In an embodiment, the controller 50 implements the priority system shown in chart 300 to control a steering actuator and at least one tool actuator. The resulting control instructions executed by the controller 50 are illustrated diagrammatically via the flow chart 400 of
At state 403, the controller 50 determines whether the difference between the MAPF and the preliminary tool actuator flow (Uimp_prelim) is greater than or equal to a steering actuator flow request (Bimp_req). If this condition is met, the process 400 flows to state 405, sets a flow limit flag (flow_limited_flag) equal to zero, sets an actual tool actuator flow (Uimp_actual) equal to the preliminary tool actuator flow (Uimp_prelim), sets an actual steering actuator flow (Bimp_actual) equal to the requested steering actuator flow (Bimp_req), and flows to state 412.
If at state 403 the condition was not met, then the process 400 sets the flow limit flag (flow_limited_flag) equal to one and flows to state 406. At state 406, the controller 50 determines whether the difference between the MAPF and the preliminary tool actuator flow (Uimp_prelim) exceeds a priority threshold (priority_threshold). If this condition is met, the process 400 flows to state 407. At state 407, the process 400 sets actual tool actuator flow (Uimp_actual) equal to the preliminary tool actuator flow (Uimp_prelim), actual steering actuator flow (Bimp_actual) equal to the difference between the maximum available flow and the preliminary tool actuator flow (Uimp_prelim), and flows to state 411. Otherwise, the process flows directly from state 406 to state 408.
At state 408, the process 400 determines whether the steering actuator flow requested (Bimp_req) is less than the priority threshold (priority_threshold). If this condition is met, the process 400 flows to state 409. At state 409, the process 400 sets the actual tool actuator flow (Uimp_actual) equal to the difference between the maximum available flow and the steering actuator flow requested (Bimp_req). In addition, the controller 50 sets the actual steering actuator flow (Bimp_actual) equal to the steering actuator flow requested (Bimp_req). From state 409, the process 400 flows to state 410.
If the condition at state 408 is not met, the process 400 sets the actual tool actuator flow (Uimp_actual) equal to the difference between the maximum available flow and the priority threshold (priority_threshold), sets the actual steering actuator flow (Bimp_actual) equal to the priority threshold (priority_threshold), and flows to state 410.
Thus, it can be seen that the actual tool actuator flow (Uimp_actual) and actual steering actuator flow (Bimp_actual) will be set to one of four combinations depending upon the maximum available flow, the priority threshold 304, and the operator-requested flow levels. In the first combination, there is adequate flow to meet all requests and the flow is not deemed to be limited. In the remaining three combinations, the flow is deemed to be limited, and the actual steering actuator flow (Bimp_actual) will be set to the priority threshold 304, the requested flow, or another value that is a function of the maximum available flow and the tool actuator flow request (Uimp_req). In this manner, the flow provided to the steering actuator is never less than the lesser of the priority threshold and the actual flow requested for that implement.
In operation, this results in at least acceptable steering ability for safety and operator experience purposes without causing sluggish operation with respect to other implements while steering, and without causing undesirably slow steering while operating other implements simultaneously. Thus, for example, in the case of a steerable machine having a bucket being used for loading material into a truck or container, the machine may be freely and safely steered while in motion at the same time that the bucket is being raised, lowered, or tilted.
The industrial applicability of the hydraulic flow control system described herein will be readily appreciated from the foregoing discussion. A technique is described wherein the flow of hydraulic fluid to one or more steering actuators and to one or more non-steering actuators such as for a bucket tilt/lift/lower function are controlled to maintain the flow to the steering actuators within predefined bounds while setting the flow to the non-steering actuators to the remaining available flow or the requested flow for the unbounded flow implement.
The disclosed hydraulic system is applicable to any hydraulically actuated machine that includes a plurality of fluidly connected hydraulic actuators where flow sharing is desired to alleviate unpredictable and undesirable movements of the machine. Nonexhaustive examples of machines within which the disclosed principles may be used include landfill compactors, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders, motor graders, wheel dozers, articulated trucks and the like.
The disclosed hydraulic system apportions an available flow rate (for example, a maximum available flow) of a source of pressurized fluid among the plurality of fluidly connected hydraulic actuators dynamically according to the requested flow amounts as well as a speed-variable priority threshold 304 for the steering actuator. In this maimer, predictable operation of machine 70 and any implements in use is maintained, while keeping the fluid flow to the steering actuator from exceeding a maximum allowable flow or from falling below a predefined priority threshold curve 304.
During operation of machine 70, a machine operator manipulates first and/or second operator interface devices 22, 24 to create a desired movement of the machine 70. Throughout this process, first and second operator interface devices 22, 24 generate signals indicative of desired flow rates of fluid supplied to hydraulic cylinders 32a-c and/or motor 34 to accomplish the desired movements. After receiving these signals, controller 50 executes the process of flow chart 400 in keeping with plot 300 to generate actual flow request commands to move the implements in question.
It will be appreciated that the foregoing description provides examples of the disclosed system and technique. However, it is contemplated that other implementations may differ in detail from the foregoing examples. All references to specific examples herein are intended to reference the particular example being discussed at that point and are not intended to imply any limitation as to the scope of the claims or disclosure more generally. All language of distinction and disparagement with respect to certain features of the described system or the art is intended to indicate a lack of preference for those features, but not to exclude such from the scope of the claims entirely unless otherwise indicated.
Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
Accordingly, the attached claims encompass all modifications and equivalents as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
