Hydraulic circuit for switchable cam followers

Abstract

An oil distribution system for an internal combustion engine comprising a longitudinal bore in the engine head or block connected to an engine oil pump. A longitudinal insert is disposed in the engine bore, the insert being formed and disposed to define segmented galleries within the bore, a first oil gallery being in communication with the engine camshaft bearings and a second oil gallery being in communication with switchable cam followers in the engine. The two galleries are separated but connected by one or more oil control valves. Thus, the camshaft bearings are exposed to high engine oil pressure at all times independent of the switchable cam followers; likewise, the switchable cam followers may be latched and unlatched at any time or condition deemed beneficial for engine operation without jeopardizing lubrication sufficiency to the camshaft bearings.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a prior art head for an internal combustion engine, showing a single longitudinal oil bore supplying oil to cam bearing risers and switchable cam followers;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view showing a first embodiment of a bore insert in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 3 is a detailed view taken at circle 3 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a detailed view taken at circle 4 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view showing a second embodiment of a bore insert in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken at plane 6 in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is detailed view taken at circle 7 in FIG. 5; and

FIG. 8 is a detailed view taken at circle 8 in FIG. 5.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate two preferred embodiments of the invention, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, a prior art internal combustion cam-in-head engine head 10, having switchable RFFs, includes a camshaft 12 mounted on camshaft bearings 14 and bearing caps 16. A longitudinal bore 18 defines a primary oil gallery 20 for feeding lubricating oil from a pressurized oil source (not shown, but typically a sump pump in an engine crankcase) to a plurality of oil risers 22 for lubricating camshaft bearings 14. Bore 18 also intersects secondary bores 24 for receiving and filling a plurality of hydraulic lash adjusters (not visible) and for serving switched oil pressures to the switchable RFFs.

Although not specifically shown herein, it will be appreciated that, within the scope of the prior art, bore 18 and risers 22 alternatively may be formed in an engine block of a cam-in-block (L-head or pushrod-type) engine, and secondary bores 24 provided for latching/unlatching switchable valve lifters. Likewise, the invention described herein, although shown for only a cam-in-head engine, is also applicable to such a cam-in-block engine.

As noted above, a problem in prior art internal combustion engines occurs when the operating oil for switchable cam followers, such as switchable RFFs, are supplied by the same oil gallery as the gallery supplying oil to lubricate the camshaft bearings. Under certain conditions, while the camshaft bearing lubricating requirements are high, the oil pressure in the common gallery must be reduced to control the switchable cam followers.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 through 4, in a first embodiment 100 of an insert assembly in accordance with the invention, a tube 140 having a diameter less than the diameter of engine bore 18 is provided with a plurality of bushings 142,144 located to correspond axially with cam bearing risers 22 when embodiment 100 is installed into engine bore 18. All bushings 142,144 include openings 146 coinciding with openings 148 in tube 140. The interior of tube 140 thus defines a first oil gallery 150 wherein pressurized oil 152 from a source 153, may be provided 154 via openings 146,148 to each riser 22 to lubricate cam bearings 14. Typically, restriction 155 is placed in the oil feed line downstream of oil source 153 to optimally reduce the pressure of the oil needed for lubricating the cam bearings from a first pressure P₁ to a second pressure P₂.

Bushings 142 at the ends and immediately inboard therefrom are further provided with an axial opening 156, allowing oil to flow within bore 18 but on the outside of tube 140, defining thereby a second oil gallery 158 independent of first oil gallery 150, both galleries 150,158 being contained within prior art engine bore 18, second oil gallery 158 intersecting with secondary bores 24 for feeding switching oil to the switchable cam followers. Preferably, tube 140 is disposed eccentrically relative to the axis of bore 18 to provide ample room for secondary bores 24 to intersect second oil gallery 158 without being restricted by tube 140.

Preferably, central bushing 144 is not provided with an axial opening 156 and thereby defines a wall 157 dividing second oil gallery 158 into two segments 160,162 which advantageously may be supplied and controlled independently as desired, as follows. Oil supply 154, at reduced pressure P₂, passes through the first controllable oil control valve 164-1 (FIG. 3), preferably a solenoid-actuated 3-way valve, which controllably diverts a portion 166 of flow 154 through secondary gallery 158 upon command from an engine controller (not shown). Because secondary bores 24 (FIG. 1) are disposed axially between risers 22 and therefore are not blocked by bushings 142, the first two bores 24 are supplied with oil portion 166, at reduced pressure P₂ from gallery segment 160, whenever first oil control valve 164-1 is opened. Preferably, a second oil control valve 164-2 is disposed at the distal end 163 of primary gallery 150 and thus receives the residual of flow 154 at pressure P₂. When opened upon command from the engine controller, secondary oil control valve 164-2 provides pressurized oil at pressure P₂ to the second two bores 24 that open into gallery segment 162. Thus, the latching/unlatching of the valves in the first two engine cylinders, dependent upon gallery segment 160, may be differentiated in time from the latching/unlatching of the valves in the second two engine cylinders, which are dependent upon gallery segment 162. Of course, if only a single OCV 164 is needed, it may be mounted anywhere along tube 140, as long as all bushings 142,144 include axial openings 156 and the valve extends into first gallery 150 for oil supply to second gallery 158.

In order to assure reliable and repeatable switching of the switchable cam followers under all engine operating conditions, it is best that the pressure of the oil received by valves 164-1, 164-2 from flow 154 be as high as possible. In one aspect of the invention, restriction 155 is moved from a position in the feed line just downstream of the oil source 153 as in the prior art to a further point downstream such as to a point 159 (FIGS. 3 and 4) in each riser 22 leading to camshaft bearings 14. As such, the camshaft bearings receive lubricating oil at an optimum pressure P₂, while valves 164-1, 164-2 receive switching oil at a desirable higher pressure, P₁.

Bushings 142, 144 may be readily attached to tube 140 by a method similar to a method for attaching camshaft lobes to a shaft. The bushings are positioned along the tube in their desired axial locations, and then an oversize ball or slug is forced through the inside diameter of the tube to create a press fit between each bushing and the tube. Other examples of methods contemplated by the invention for attaching bushings 142, 144 to tube 140 include casting, brazing, welding, press fitting and the use of adhesives.

Referring now to FIGS. 5 through 8, a second embodiment 200 is shown. A tube 240 is formed from metal or plastic, as by rolling or extruding from sheet stock or by extrusion, which tube is substantially full-fitting in bore 18. Tube 240 is creased inwards as by stamping or drawing to create a longitudinal crease defining a first oil gallery 250 between the crease and the inner wall of bore 18, and simultaneously creating a second oil gallery 258 within tube 240. In embodiment 200, first gallery 250 is inherently open to all the camshaft bearing risers 22, whereas second gallery 258 in tube 240 is provided with openings 248 at appropriate axial locations to mate with secondary bores 24 when tube 240 is installed into bore 18. If desired, as in first embodiment 100, a wall 257 may be inserted into tube 240 to partition second gallery 258 into a first portion 260 and a second portion 262 for independent deactivation control by first and second oil control valves 164-1, 164-2. Oil flow and oil control valve action is identical with that already described for embodiment 100.

In both embodiments 100, 200, the first oil control valves 164-1 are shown schematically as being adjacent to the entrance end of tube 140, 240. In practice, it may be preferable to locate the control valve or valves near a cam bearing tower such that the oil in a riser 22 also serves as the oil supply to the oil control valve. The output from the OCV is then routed to the second gallery. This arrangement eliminates having to provide additional passages in the engine head for oil supply to the OCVs.

OCVs in accordance with the invention can be substantially simpler and less expensive than the pressure-regulating spool-type OCV required in prior art systems. Generally speaking, a simple three-way on/off valve can be used. Further, persons of ordinary skill in the art may envision still-simpler and less-expensive systems employing fixed flow restrictions coupled with ball-type pressure relief valves to regulate the oil pressure in the second oil gallery to desired levels, for example, 0.5 bar.

While the invention has been described by reference to various specific embodiments, it should be understood that numerous changes may be made within the spirit and scope of the inventive concepts described. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the described embodiments, but will have full scope defined by the language of the following claims.

Claims

1. An oil distribution system for an internal combustion engine having a pressurized oil source, at least one camshaft bearing, and at least one oil-actuated switchable cam follower, comprising: a) a bore in said engine in fluid communication with said pressurized oil source; andb) an insert disposed in said bore, said insert being formed and disposed to define a first oil gallery in communication with said at least one camshaft bearing and a second oil gallery in communication with said at least one switchable cam follower.

2. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said bore is formed in an engine component selected from the group consisting of an engine block and an engine head.

3. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising at least one oil control valve disposed in communication with said second gallery for selectively varying oil pressure in said second oil gallery.

4. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 3 wherein said second gallery comprises a first portion and a second portion, and a first and second oil control valve, wherein said first control valve is disposed in communication with said first portion of said second gallery for selectively varying oil pressure in said first portion and said second control valve is disposed in communication with said second portion of said second gallery for selectively varying oil pressure in said second portion.

5. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 3 further comprising at least one hydraulic lash adjuster disposed in said second gallery between said at least one oil control valve and said at least one switchable cam follower.

6. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim I wherein said insert is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of metal, plastic, and combinations thereof.

7. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said insert is formed by rolling and stamping from planar stock.

8. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said insert is formed by extrusion.

9. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said insert is formed from tubular stock.

10. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said bore has an central axis and said first oil gallery has a central axis and said gallery central axis is eccentric of said bore central axis.

11. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 comprising a plurality of camshaft bearings in communication with said first oil gallery.

12. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 comprising a plurality of switchable cam followers in communication with said second oil gallery.

13. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 wherein said at least one switchable cam follower is selected from the group consisting of a switchable roller finger follower and a switchable valve lifter.

14. An oil distribution system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a riser in flow communication between said first oil gallery and said at least one camshaft bearing, said riser including a restriction for reducing an oil pressure to said at least one camshaft bearing.

15. An internal combustion engine comprising an oil distribution system having a pressurized oil source, at least one camshaft bearing, and at least one oil-actuated switchable cam follower, said oil distribution system including a bore in said engine in fluid communication with said pressurized oil source, andan insert disposed in said bore, said insert being formed and disposed to define a first oil gallery in communication with said camshaft bearing and a second oil gallery in communication with said switchable cam follower.