The invention relates to a hydraulic connector made of an elastically deformable material, destined to place in communication a predetermined number of components belonging to a hydraulic circuit, which connector is advantageously usable in medical applications such as machines for extracorporeal blood treatment.
As is known, medical devices at present in use for treatment of kidney problems, and especially for extracorporeal blood treatment, are constituted by complex apparatus which internally comprise hydraulic circuits for managing the various patient treatment operations.
By way of mere non-exhaustive example, dialysis machines at present in use comprise a blood circuit destined to remove blood from the patient and to bring it to a treatment unit. Once treated the blood is returned to the patient. In general, the above-described circuit is accompanied by a preparation line of a treatment fluid which brings a dialyser liquid into a situation of exchange with the blood inside the treatment unit, the exchange enabling an interaction between dialyser liquid and blood so as to achieve the desired treatment effect.
Apart from the above-mentioned blood line and dialyser liquid preparation line, there might also be circuits destined to enable effecting of preparation of other liquids, such as medical or replacement liquids, as well as further circuits or lines for discharging the used liquid, for the control of ultrafiltration, or other lines, safety lines and/or washing lines which further increase the complexity and number of circuits internally of the machine. Each medical device for dialysis operations internally comprises a plurality of tubes and connections for the tubes, destined for transporting fluids of varying natures and under different flow and pressure conditions which are also variable over periods of time.
The presence of electronic apparatus for management and control, as well as motors and moving mechanical parts in the machines means that the problem of sealing and reliability of the hydraulic circuits is seen to be of particular and primary importance.
Clearly the most critical area in the hydraulic plants is the connections present in the actual fluid lines.
At present, usual dialysis machines, to join two or more tubes, use connections made of elastomeric materials, such as, for example, silicone. Generally these connectors are constituted by a main body internally affording a channel which the fluid crosses.
The tubes are directly connected to the connectors and the connector joints are achieved by friction coupling. The friction forces generated between the smooth internal surface of the connector and the tube are strong enough to guarantee fluid seal and mechanical seal of the hydraulic circuit.
This type of connector, though widespread in use in the sector, is however subject to improvement under certain of its aspects.
Firstly, an important observation is that hydraulic circuits in dialysis machines are subject to high quantities of fluid flow.
Generally speaking the movement of the fluid is obtained, in this type of machine, by using pumps, for example gear pumps or peristaltic pumps, which by their nature create non stationary flow conditions inside the hydraulic circuit; the flows produced are characterised by the presence of series of repeated and successive pressure peaks, which can also be non-cyclic in nature.
The particular types of treatment to be performed, but also the washing and sterilising operations on the circuits themselves, lead to flow conditions inside the circuitry which are such as to generate considerable stress thereon, especially at the connections and especially when flow is inverted.
Because of the above, it is not an infrequent occurrence that after repeated cycles the tube end portions can detach from the connectors, causing exit of liquids contained therein.
This can lead to serious problems during treatment of a patient, but can also have dire consequences for the electrical or electronic apparatus which the machine is equipped with.
Document EP645161 describes a variable-section straight connector having removable portions for connecting tubes having different diameters.
Document EP 1262703 teaches a connector for non-medical use devices which connects coaxial tubes having different sections. The connector is provided with ribbing at the connecting ends.
Furthermore it is obvious that even simple changes in relative positions between the tube and the connector can lead to an imperfect fluid seal, with the attendant risk that fluid can leak out and damage the apparatus.
Given the above situation, the technical aim of the present invention is to resolve the drawbacks in the cited prior art.
A first aim of the invention is to make available a connector for hydraulic circuits which can be used in medical machines and which offers optimal mechanic seal and fluid seal for fluids which are not in stationary flow conditions, and in particular in the presence of sometimes sharp variations in flow direction across the connector.
A further aim of the invention is to separate the mechanical fluid seal function from the mechanic seal function in such a way as to optimise both.
Additionally, an aim of the invention is to make available a connector that can be made with complex configurations, without losing anchoring and seal efficiency.
Accessory aims of the present invention are therefore to realise an extremely simple product having comparable overall costs to those for connectors at present in use, which do not lead to special problems of assembly and use. These and other aims, which will better emerge during the course of the present description, are attained by a hydraulic connector, a hydraulic circuit and a machine for extracorporeal blood treatment incorporating the connector, according to what is described in the appended claims.
Further characteristics and advantages will better emerge from the detailed description that follows of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a hydraulic connector according to the present invention.
The description will be made with reference to the accompanying figures of the drawings, provided by way of non-limiting example, in which:
With reference to the figures of the drawings, 1 denotes in its entirety a hydraulic connector made of an elastically deformable material. The connector is usable for connecting terminal tube ports or tubular ports in inlet and/or outlet of other hydraulic components 70 such as, for example, pumps, fluid parameter sensors, filters, ultrafilters, fluid treatment units, valves or valve groups, etc.
As can be noted from the accompanying figures of the drawings, the connector comprises a main body 2 which internally presents at least a conduit 3 for allowing passage of a fluid (for example a dialyser liquid or a washing liquid), between at least an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 in reciprocal connection across the conduit 3.
Generally, the shaped elbow conduit of the type illustrated in
The T-shaped connector of
The connector of the invention can comprise other shapes, according to the geometry and relative positions of the ports to be connected; for example, three-way connectors can be Y- or T-shaped; two-way connectors can be L- U- or S-shaped; four-way connectors can be X- or H-shaped, and so on.
The two or more inlet or outlet openings can be oriented and arranged in such a way that the connector develops three-dimensionally.
As can be seen in
As can be seen in
The protuberances 6 are fashioned internally of the conduit 3 and are located at each inlet opening 4 and at each outlet opening 5.
An excellent mechanical coupling is obtained between the port portion 7 and the connector 1 by using at least two protuberances 6 at the inlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 5.
The conduit 3 is usually defined by a through-cavity having a circular section for permitting insertion of the terminal portion of the port 7 and the consequent passage of fluid from a tube 70 to another or between a tube and another hydraulic component, or between two hydraulic components.
In each case at least an initial tract of the conduit at the inlet opening 4 and at least an initial tract of the conduit 3 at the outlet opening exhibit a transversal section, directed perpendicularly to the respective development axes 9, 10 and having a substantially circular shape; the protuberances 6 are constituted by annular projections.
The protuberances 6 exhibit a section (referring to a section plane passing through the development axes 9, 10) with a tapered trapezoid configuration having oblique sides that define between them an angle α L comprised, for example, between 30° and 90°, and in particular an angle of about 60° (see
The geometry of the conduit 3 exhibits a first longitudinal portion 3a which is directed along a first development axis 9 and a second longitudinal portion 3b which is direction along a development axis 10; the first and second development axes 9, 10 are not coincident. In the example of embodiment of
In each case the conduit 3 develops in a non-straight path.
In other words, a fluid inletting into the connector will exit therefrom after having at least once changed direction (see for example flows A and B in
It is thus extremely important for a connector made of an elastomeric material (and therefore highly deformable) and exhibiting a internal fluid pathway which is not straight and which often develops three-dimensionally to guarantee the necessary performance characteristics of mechanical connection and fluid seal.
The above is guaranteed by two distinct technical aspects.
The protuberances 6 located at the inlets and outlets are engaged by corresponding recesses 13 afforded in the port 7, so that a constraint joint is achieved which guarantees an optimal mechanical seal. The protuberances 6 are defined by annular projections which are of a smaller height (in the illustrated embodiments only a slightly smaller height) than the depth of the corresponding recesses 13.
The fluid seal is guaranteed by interference between the respective contacting surfaces, external for the tube and internal for the connector to which the tube is coupled by means of a slightly forced insertion therein.
The use of protuberances 6 and corresponding recesses 13 creates a stable coupling, as cooperation between the two elements tends to bring them into the optimal coupling position even after relative displacement caused by peaks of pressure or flow.
The stability is also aided by the presence of the tapers on the protuberances 6.
The exemplifying embodiments adopt a first and second portion 3a, 3b of the conduit which exhibit same transversal sections, so that the tubes or components 70 having ports 7 of the same diameter can be connected.
In the case of connectors having 3 or more mouths (such as for example T-connectors), obviously apart from the two portions 3a, 3b there will be a third portion 3c which ends in a further inlet/outlet zone 11.
The above-described connectors are usable in hydraulic circuits of the type shown in
The invention also relates to a hydraulic circuit especially for machines for extracorporeal blood treatment, comprising:
The hydraulic components of the circuit generally exhibit ports 7 having longitudinal axes which do not coincide, thus necessitating the use of connectors 1 which are not straight. For example, the hydraulic components comprise one or more of the following components: valves, pumps, tubes, sensors of a fluid characteristic, filters (for example ultrafilters with a semi-permeable membrane), fluid treatment units, fluid collection reservoirs, and so on.
Finally the hydraulic circuit obtained thanks to the use of the connectors 1 can advantageously be used in machines 8 for extracorporeal blood treatment where there is at least a section 20 destined for preparation of a treatment fluid and at least a section 21 destined for discharge of the used treatment fluid.
The machine (which is per se of a known type) is schematically illustrated in
It can be seen how the fluid preparation section 20 comprises a hydraulic circuit 100 exhibiting a predetermined number of connectors 1 and a predetermined number of components placed in reciprocal fluid connection in order to create, treat and bring the treatment fluid to an inlet port 22 of the unit for extracorporeal blood treatment 23.
Also, the discharge section 21 is provided with a plurality of connectors 1 and a plurality of components destined to bring the fluid from an outlet port 24 of the treatment unit 23 up to the discharge.
For example, the preparation section and/or the discharge section comprises, as hydraulic components, apart from numerous tube tracts 32, at least a movement pump 25 (for example a gear pump) to generate the fluid flow across the treatment unit 23, one or more sensors 29 for measuring various parameters (pH, conductivity, temperature, flow, pressure, etc.), flow control valves 30, possibly further units 26 (concentrate containers 26a with a correspondingly dedicated supply pump 26b) for the addition of concentrates, devices 31 for treatment or control of the fluid under preparation (filters, reservoirs, heaters, flow regulators, heat exchangers, etc.) not further specified as of known type and only given as examples for the purpose of the description of the invention. Some, if not necessarily all, of the components described can be interconnected at the respective ports 1 to the connectors 1 of the invention. Obviously in the apparatus of
The invention offers important advantages.
The separation of the mechanical seal function and the hydraulic seal function of the various parts of the connector enables the use of connectors made exclusively of elastomeric material, which means that even with conduits of a complex type, there are no problems of leakage or disconnections.
The presence of fluid flows brusquely changing direction (see inlet A and outlet B in
Thus the device of the invention enables realisation of complex hydraulic circuits, in which the components and the relative ports 7 can be unaligned and angularly staggered to one another, as typically happens in the circuits of extracorporeal blood treatment machines.
The connectors are however simple to manufacture, easy to assemble and have relatively contained production costs.
Also possible is the realisation of hydraulic circuits or sections thereof simply by connecting together the ports of the various hydraulic components constituting the circuits, making use of the connectors 1 of the invention, which can be shaped in any way since the elastomeric material is easily moulded and even a complex connector 1 shape does not reduce the fluid seal and mechanical anchoring characteristics thereof.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2006/000450 | 3/2/2006 | WO | 00 | 8/27/2008 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2007/099386 | 9/7/2007 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1180733 | Mulherin | Apr 1916 | A |
2261948 | Beach | Nov 1941 | A |
3127892 | Bellamy, Jr. et al. | Apr 1964 | A |
3945617 | Callery | Mar 1976 | A |
4109097 | Berry | Aug 1978 | A |
4238059 | Caraway et al. | Dec 1980 | A |
4381591 | Barger et al. | May 1983 | A |
4541657 | Smyth | Sep 1985 | A |
4657285 | Akiyama et al. | Apr 1987 | A |
4684672 | Buchanan et al. | Aug 1987 | A |
4803053 | Williamson | Feb 1989 | A |
4810008 | Brodie | Mar 1989 | A |
4850984 | Harris | Jul 1989 | A |
4905736 | Kitami et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
4991882 | Gahwiler | Feb 1991 | A |
5218875 | Volpe et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
5267757 | Dal Palu | Dec 1993 | A |
5536258 | Folden | Jul 1996 | A |
5591251 | Brugger | Jan 1997 | A |
5637102 | Tolkoff et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
5693025 | Stevens | Dec 1997 | A |
5770064 | Jonsson et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5782808 | Folden | Jul 1998 | A |
5860677 | Martins et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
6152495 | Hoffmann et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
6602090 | Kato | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6821267 | Veillon et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
7166084 | Utterberg | Jan 2007 | B2 |
7291123 | Baraldi et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
7540958 | Chevallet et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
7559911 | Giannella | Jul 2009 | B2 |
7780621 | Neri et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
20030171719 | Veillon et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
0579916 | Jan 1994 | EP |
0645161 | Mar 1995 | EP |
0 747 074 | Dec 1996 | EP |
0753323 | Jan 1997 | EP |
0753697 | Jan 1997 | EP |
0 944 795 | Sep 1999 | EP |
1262703 | Dec 2002 | EP |
1 355 099 | Oct 2003 | EP |
1527797 | May 2005 | EP |
2 513 884 | Apr 1983 | FR |
2700379 | Jul 1994 | FR |
860 906 | Feb 1961 | GB |
2045883 | Nov 1980 | GB |
2 110 564 | Jun 1983 | GB |
2 244 671 | Dec 1991 | GB |
2261376 | May 1993 | GB |
WO9521648 | Aug 1995 | WO |
WO9641092 | Dec 1996 | WO |
9828565 | Jul 1998 | WO |
WO 9828565 | Jul 1998 | WO |
WO9936009 | Jul 1999 | WO |
WO03076002 | Sep 2003 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20090001718 A1 | Jan 2009 | US |