Hydraulic heating system

Abstract

Liquid heating systems employing a circulating oil which is forced through a baffle having restricting orifices, so as to develop heat of friction and shear. The system is characterized by the employment of a plurality of orifices in the restricting baffle, each orifice being angularly disposed with respect to the axis of flow. The oil is heated by frictional impact of restricted flow through the orifices. The angular disposition of the orifices effects supplemental heating of the oil by the shear effect of the pressurized oil advancing through the static or depressurized oil adjacent the anterior side of the baffle.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(1) Field of the Invention

Liquid heating systems, particularly a closed conduit oil circulating heat exchange system. A pressurizing pump flows the oil through a baffle having angularly disposed restricting orifices, thereby developing heat of friction and heat of shear within the flowing oil. The system may be coupled to a radiator or radiant heat system, a forced air duct system or a hot water heater, and the like.

(2) Description of the Prior Art

GILROY, U.S. Pat. No. 823,856

BRUNNER, U.S. Pat. No. 2,764,147

JACOBS, U.S. Pat. No. 3,720,372

LUTZ, U.S. Pat. No. 3,813,036

BROWNING, U.S. Pat. No. 3,952,723

KITA, U.S. Pat. No. 3,989,189

LUTZ, U.S. Pat. No. 4,060,194

HAMRICK, U.S. Pat. No. 4,143,522

The foregoing patents are discussed in an accompanying PRIOR ART STATEMENT.

Basically, the prior art teaches the forcing of liquid through a restrictor, so as to obtain frictionally generated heat. However, the prior art does not show the angularization of the orifices with respect to the axis of flow, so as to obtain the enhanced effect of shearing of the flowing liquid with respect to the non-flowing or static liquid, adjacent the posterior side of the orifice.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, a closed, oil-filled conduit defines a hydraulic pressurizing section and a depressurized return section for liquid oil flow. A vertical baffle is supported within the conduit intermediate the pressurizing section and the return section, the baffle including a plurality of perforations or orifices angularly disposed with respect to the axis of the conduit. An oil pressurizing pump is supported in the conduit on the anterior side of the baffle, so as to force the oil through the angularly disposed orifices. The liquid oil medium, preferably vegetable oil, is flowed thusly through the baffle orifices and the conduit by means of the pump, the oil being heated by the frictional impact of restricted flow through the orifices and the shear of the flowing oil against non-flowing or static oil adjacent the posterior side of the baffle. The system may be coupled with a radiator or radiant heating systems, a forced air duct system or a hot water heater, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic view, showing positioning of an electric motor and pump with respect to the pressurizing and return sections of the conduit, as well as the vertical baffle interposed between the pressurizing and return sections.

FIG. 2 is a front elevation of a baffle having angularly disposed restricting orifices, constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary schematic view, illustrating the interposition of a concave baffle in the conduit, so as to obtain oil flow deflected against the conduit wall.

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary schematic view, showing positioning of a convex baffle, so as to obtain intersecting oil flow within the return section of the conduit.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view, showing the present system coupled to a home radiator system.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view, showing the coupling of the present hydraulic heating system to a home forced air system.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view, showing coupling of the present system to a radiant heating system.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view, showing coupling of the present system to a hot water heater.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view, showing coupling of the present system to a forced hot air system.

FIG. 10 is a graph, illustrating the effect of increasing temperature of the oil at constant pressure, according to the increasing angularity of the orifice with respect to the axis of flow.

FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating the effect of reducing the time sequence for flowing of the oil at constant pressure to achieve a desired temperature by increasing the area of restricted flow through a plurality of angularly disposed orifices.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In FIG. 1 there is illustrated a conventional electric motor 1, (one horsepower 1725 rpm, 10 amps) coupled with a hydraulic pump 2, for example, a Gressen hydraulic pump Model PGG2 bidirectional. The closed conduit system includes pressurizing section 4 and de-pressurized return section 5, together with a vertical baffle 3 positioned within the conduit so as to intersect oil flow. Both sections of the conduit may contain pressurometers, as well as oil filling apertures (not illustrated) and the hydraulic pump may contain conventional valves.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, baffle 3 may include a plurality of angular displayed orifices or perforations 9. In the species illustrated in FIG. 3, baffle 3 has a concave cross-section with respect to direction of oil flow, such that the pressurized oil is forced in high velocity streams 16 which deflect against the conduit wall. The frictional resistance upon urging of the liquid oil through the orifices 9, as well as the shear effect between flowing streams 16 and the static or slow moving fluid 17 adjacent baffle 3, develops considerable heat. In the version illustrated in FIG. 4, a convex baffle 3 is employed, so as to develop intersecting high velocity streams 16 on the posterior side of the baffle.

A number of vegetable, mineral and animal oils have been employed as follows:

______________________________________Corn oil Palm oilSunflower seed oil Castor oilSoya bean oil Hempseed oilVegetable oil Camphor oilOlive oil Plant oilRapeseed oil Mineral oilPeanut oil Animal oilsSesame oil Lemon oilTallow oil Fruit oilsAnimal fat oils Bees' waxCottonseed oil Pepper oilCoconut oil Blubber oilLinseed oil ButterParafin oil Cod Liver oilSperm oil Musk oilLanolin oil Pine oilSafflower oil Petroleum, heavy, medium, light (all types)______________________________________

As will be apparent from the following chart A, the vegetable oil achieved 212.degree. F. in lesser time than the petroleum oil.

CHART A__________________________________________________________________________ ELAPSED TIMETO ACHIEVE OIL TEMPERATUREOF 212.degree. F.Oils Starting Pressure Temperature Elapsed Time AirTested Temperature (in PSI) (in Degrees) (Minutes) Temperature__________________________________________________________________________Corn 70 210 212 6.7 125Safflower 70 210 212 7.0 125Sunflower 70 210 212 7.1 125Olive 70 205 212 7.1 125Soya 70 205 212 7.2 123Vegetable 70 205 212 7.3 123Peanut 70 205 212 7.3 122Cod Liver 70 200 212 7.4 122Mineral 70 190 212 7.5 121Castor 70 185 212 7.6 120PetroleumHeavy 70 180 212 15.5 115Medium 70 160 212 20.0 110Light 70 140 212 23.0 105__________________________________________________________________________

In Chart B there is illustrated heating of corn oil by pumping through a single 0.006 inch orifice, 210.degree. F. being achieved in ten minutes.

CHART B______________________________________HEATING OF CORN OILPUMPING THROUGH .006 ORIFICE Oil OilTime Pres- Pres- Median Median Air AirFan sure sure Temp Temp Temp Temp Am-(Minutes) In Out In Out In Out peres______________________________________0 0 0 70 70 70 70 05 210 0 140 136 72 76 1010 210 0 210 206 75 78 1015 210 0 230 226 77 80 1020 210 0 250 246 79 82 1025* 220 0 200 196 75 160 1030* 220 0 142 138 72 130 1035* 220 0 142 138 70 125 1040* 220 0 142 138 70 125 1045* 220 0 142 138 70 125 1050* 220 0 142 138 70 125 1055* 220 0 142 138 70 125 1060* 220 0 142 138 70 125 10______________________________________ *These readings stayed constant for 20 hours with no change and the corn oil was clear.

In Chart C a larger 0.008 inch orifice was employed with consequent loss in heating effect.

CHART C______________________________________HEATING OF CORN OILPUMPING THROUGH .008 ORIFICE Oil OilTime Pres- Pres- Median Median Air AirFan sure sure Temp Temp Temp Temp Am-(Miuntes) In Out In Out In Out peres______________________________________0 0 0 70 70 70 70 105 60 0 135 131 73 77 1010 60 0 169 165 75 79 1015 60 0 195 191 77 80 1020 60 0 212 208 79 85 1025 60 0 230 226 78 90 1030* 80 0 197 193 70 125 1035* 80 0 137 133 70 118 1040* 80 0 137 133 70 118 1045* 80 0 137 133 70 118 1050* 80 0 137 133 70 118 1055* 80 0 137 133 70 118 1060* 80 0 137 133 70 118 10______________________________________ *These readings stayed constant for 10 hours.

In any case the pressure drop within the oil on the posterior side of the baffle, achieves a heat discharge which may be coupled with various radiator, forced air, radiant heating, hot water heater and like systems, illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8.

The angular displacement of the orifices with respect to the axis of the conduit has significant effect upon the ability to develop heat within the oil medium. See by way of example, Chart D.

CHART D______________________________________HEAT OUTPUTVegetable OilPressureBefore Flow Area In Angular Displacement of OutputRestriction .001ths. Inches High Velocity Stream BTU'______________________________________40 psi 12 .times. .098 .angle. = 1.87.degree. 5,00043 psi 12 .times. .094 .angle. = 3.75.degree. 10,00045 psi 10 .times. .098 .angle. = 7.5.degree. 20,00047 psi 10 .times. .094 .angle. = 11.25.degree. 30,00050 psi 9 .times. .098 .angle. = 15.degree. 40,00055 psi 9 .times. .094 .angle. = 18.75.degree. 50,00060 psi 8 .times. .098 .angle. = 22.25.degree. 60,00065 psi 8 .times. .094 .angle. = 26.25.degree. 70,00070 psi 7 .times. .098 .angle. = 30.degree. 80,00075 psi 7 .times. .094 .angle. = 33.75.degree. 90,00080 psi 6 .times. .098 .angle. = 37.5.degree. 100,000100 psi 6 .times. .094 .angle. = 45.degree. 120,000160 psi 5 .times. .098 .angle. = 52.5.degree. 140,000180 psi 5 .times. .094 .angle. = 60.degree. 160,000200 psi 4 .times. .098 .angle. = 67.5.degree. 180,000210 psi 4 .times. .094 .angle. = 71.4.degree. 200,000______________________________________

As will be apparent, the greater the angle of the orifice with respect to the axis of the conduit, the greater the heat developed through friction and shear effect.

Manifestly, various types of baffles may be employed and the number of orifices may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic heating system comprising:

A. a closed conduit defining an hydraulic pressurizing section and a depressurized return section;

B. a baffle supported perpendicularly within said conduit intermediate said pressurizing section and said return section, said baffle including a plurality of orifices in the size range 0.094-0.098" and said orifices being disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of said conduit at an angle in the range 30.degree.-71.degree.;

C. an oil pressurizing pump supported in said conduit on the anterior side of said baffle, so as to flow oil through said orifices at a pressure in the range 70-220 p.s.i.;

D. a liquid oil medium supported within said conduit and flowed through said baffle by means of said pump, said oil being heated both by the frictional impact of restricted flow through said orifices and the shear of flowing oil against non-flowing oil on the posterior side of said baffle.

2. An hydraulic heating system as in claim 1 wherein said oil is a vegetable oil from the group consisting of:

______________________________________Corn oil Palm oilSunflower seed oil Castor oilSoya bean oil Hempseed oilVegetable oil Camphor oilOlive oil Plant oilRapeseed oil Peanut oilSesame oil Lemon oilTallow oil Fruit oilsCottonseed oil Pepper oilCoconut oil Linseed oilButter Parafin oilLanolin oil Pine OilSafflower oil______________________________________

3. An hydraulic heating system as in claim 1 wherein said oil is petroleum from the group consisting of heavy, medium and light types.

4. An hydraulic heating system as in claim 1 wherein said oil is an animal oil from the group consisting of animal fat, sperm oil, bees' wax, blubber oil, cod liver oil and musk oil.

5. An hydraulic system as in claim 2 wherein said baffle has a concave profile with respect to the flow of oil within said conduit, such that the flow of oil on the posterior side of said baffle is deflected against said conduit wall.

6. An hydraulic heating system as in claim 2, wherein said baffle has a convex profile with respect to the direction of flow, such that the flow of oil through said orifices and into said depressurized return section is intersecting on the posterior side of said baffle.

7. An hydraulic heating system as in claim 2, wherein said return section of said conduit is coupled to a radiator heating system.

8. An hydraulic heating system as in claim 2, wherein said return section of said conduit is coupled to a heat transfer core and a forced air heating system.

9. An hydraulic heating system as in claim 2, wherein said return section of said conduit is coupled with a hot water heater.