The present disclosure relates to providing hydraulic power and, more particularly, to providing hydraulic power with a solid-state hydraulic pump that utilizes a solid-state actuator to drive a piston and thereby provide the force for volumetric displacement of fluid in a piston chamber.
In general, conventional hydraulic pumps may include a piston, a cylinder, and a pump chamber. The piston may reciprocate within the cylinder to compress or expand the volume of a pump chamber. One or more valves may provide for opening an inlet and an outlet of the pump chamber to allow fluid into the pump chamber in an expansion stroke of the piston and fluid out of the chamber in the compression stroke of the piston. A sealing member may be provided between the cylinder and the piston to prevent the fluid being pumped from leaking into the gap between the piston and the cylinder.
Conventional pumps often rely on a source of mechanical power such as a motor or an engine to provide the reciprocating movement to the piston. These conventional pumps have numerous rotating parts and have inherent inefficiencies. These conventional pumps also have a tendency to heat the fluids that they pump. These conventional pumps also need a large diameter for the windings and tend to be an inductive electrical load.
It is desirable to provide a pump that has a reduced number of rotating parts, exhibits higher efficiencies, and has a lower tendency to heat the fluids that it pumps.
A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features.
While embodiments of this disclosure have been depicted and described and are defined by reference to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, such references do not imply a limitation on the disclosure, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The subject matter disclosed is capable of considerable modification, alteration, and equivalents in form and function, as will occur to those skilled in the pertinent art and having the benefit of this disclosure. The depicted and described embodiments of this disclosure are examples only and are not exhaustive of the scope of the disclosure.
The present disclosure relates to providing hydraulic power and, more particularly, to providing hydraulic power with a solid-state hydraulic pump that utilizes a solid-state actuator to drive a piston and thereby provide the force for volumetric displacement of fluid in a piston chamber.
Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail herein. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation may be described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the specific implementation goals, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure.
To facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure, the following examples of certain embodiments are given. In no way should the following examples be read to limit, or define, the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to horizontal, vertical, deviated, or otherwise nonlinear wellbores in any type of subterranean formation. Embodiments may be applicable to injection wells as well as production wells, including hydrocarbon wells.
In certain embodiments according to the present disclosure, a solid-state material, such as a magnetostrictive material, may be used to provide movement to a piston that is fluidically coupled to a port. The port may include an inlet and/or an outlet. In certain embodiments, the solid-state material, piston, and port may be within a hydraulic pump. Magnetostrictive materials have the property that, when a magnetic field is applied to the material, a strain is induced in the material, causing a change in the linear dimensions. This strain and change in the linear dimensions of the material may cause movement to a piston within a hydraulic pump. A suitable material for the magnetostrictive material may be Terfenol-D, available from Etrema Products, Inc. Various materials, e.g., iron and iron alloys such as Terfenol, may provide suitable magnetostrictive and giant magnetostrictive responses. A magnetic field may be applied to these materials, e.g., by applying an electric current to a coil surrounding the material or to a loop anywhere else in the magnetic circuit.
The solid-state actuator 105 may comprise a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive material. The solid-state actuator 105 may be any suitable piezoelectric or magnetostrictive materials include any piezoceramic, piezoelectric, electrostrictive, ferroelectric, relaxor ferroelectric, or magnetostrictive material that that can be driven by an electrical or magnetic input and that provides a mechanical output in the form of a force or motion. When an electric or magnetic field is applied to such materials, the materials change shape in response to the applied field. These materials also usually respond to mechanical force or motion by generating an electric field which produces a voltage across its electrical connections, e.g., across electrodes, or a magnetic field which in turn may produce voltage across a conductor coiled around the materials.
For purposes of the present disclosure, each solid-state actuator 105 is considered to have one or more electrical or magnetic connections and one or more mechanical connections. Each connection may be considered to be an input or an output or both, depending on whether the actuator is being used at the time to convert electrical energy into force or motion or to convert force or motion into electrical energy. As a result, the solid-state actuator 105 comprising such materials may be used as an actuator and as a sensor. The solid-state actuator 105 may comprise the piezoelectric or magnetostrictive material in the form of a stack, a series of thin plates stacked and wired electrically in parallel. The piezoelectric or magnetostrictive material may also possess a polycrystalline, single crystal, or amorphous structure.
As shown in
In certain embodiments, a shape change in the solid-state actuator 105 may be induced by applying and/or varying a voltage across the coil 110. The shape change of the piezoelectric or magnetostrictive materials may be controlled by the application of electric or magnetic fields. It should be appreciated that the shape may be controlled in various ways in various embodiments, for example, by using alternative means to vary a magnetic field, such as with a permanent magnet or electromagnet.
In one non-limiting example, a shape change or strain of 0.5% may occur along the long axis of the stack. It should be understood that the shape change or strain may be greater or less than 0.5% with various embodiments. In some embodiments, a small strain such as 0.5% may displace the cross-sectional area of the stack resulting in a net volume change when measured along the primary stack axis. Such shape change may be used to pressurize and pump a fluid in certain embodiments.
In certain embodiments, the hydraulic pump 100 may use the solid-state actuator 105 to provide hydraulic pressure. As shown in
The hydraulic pump 100 may further include the inlet check valve 135 and the outlet check valve 140. In some embodiments, the inlet check valve 135 and the outlet check valve 140 may rectify the flow and create a steady flow passage from the low-pressure inlet 145 to the high-pressure outlet 150. In certain embodiments, the inlet check valve 135 and the outlet check valve 140 may comprise reed valves. In other embodiments, a compact system of valves may be needed to rectify the high frequency reciprocating pump output. In some embodiments, simple and compact valves may be used for this purpose. In other embodiments, separate sets of valves may act as check valves. In other embodiments, the valves may be powered by their own solid-state actuators.
The hydraulic pump 100 may further comprise the seal 120. The seal 120 may comprise a seal or a flexure. In some embodiments, the seal 120 may form a seal around the piston 115 to ensure that no fluids come into contact with the solid-state actuator 105. In some embodiments, the seal 120 may be a ring. In some embodiments, the seal 120 may be a baffle. In some embodiments, the seal 120 may comprise an elastomer, a plastic, a metal, a ceramic, or glass.
In some embodiments, each cycle of the pump 100 displaces an amount of fluid proportional to the strain induced in the solid-state actuator 105. In certain cases, the total fluid flow is proportional to the fluid displaced in each cycle and frequency of reciprocation. In some embodiments, frequency synchronization with the hydraulic pumps of the present disclosure may be guaranteed, although the phasing may not be adjustable. While valves have been employed successfully at lower frequencies, their frequency response limited to several thousand Hertz.
In certain embodiments, the hydraulic pumps of the present disclosure may be capable of high-pressure operation with low flow rates. In some embodiments, effective generation of fluid power requires that the hydraulic pumps of the present disclosure operate at a substantial bias pressure. In some embodiments, for pump applications where occasional access is possible, the bias pressure can be set once and then it can be monitored and even adjusted if needed. In other embodiments, such as remote installations, adjustment may be done by different means. In particular, in some embodiments, an accumulator and charge system may function well, but a bootstrapping bias pressurization may be an appropriate secondary method. Bootstrapping may involve additional valves and can be demonstrated to reliably elevate system pressure, but the additional valves require volume and increase the number of components.
In certain embodiments, the hydraulic pump 400 may heat the fluid when it compresses the fluid. In certain embodiments, the fluid may then be cooled when it passes through the radiator 410. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the one or more expansion valves 420 may allow the fluid to expand and further cool. The fluid may then pass over the one or more electronics 420 and absorb heat.
In certain embodiments, a hydraulic pump according to the present disclosure may be employed to charge a hydraulic accumulator. The stored hydraulic energy in the accumulator may be used for any suitable downhole purpose. For example, the energy stored in the hydraulic accumulator may be used to move a downstream valve, piston, sliding side door, etc. Using the example of
Referring again to the example of
Control electronic 128 also may be provided to two or more pumps. In certain embodiments, a plurality of pumps may be coupled and configured to operate generally synchronously. The plurality of pumps may operate mutually out of phase to reduce ripple. A plurality of pumps or sets of pumps may be controlled to operate one set to provide a gross setting (possibly using a physically larger, optimized pump) and other sets to trim/fine tune.
Certain embodiments may include a plurality of pumps (or sets of pumps). In certain embodiments, one pump or set of pumps may provide a gross setting, with another providing constructive flow/pressure, and with a third that is reversed to provide destructive flow/pressure to provide for greater gross setting and additional trimming/fine tuning. An accumulator also may be provided to further decrease ripple. For an optional ability to control the solid-state actuator, electronics (with one or more controller(s), memory, drive circuitry, electronic communication interface) can be used with a variety of sensors (including this invention) to measure pressure, flow, displacement, etc., in and/or out).
While the hydraulic pump 500 is depicted by way of examples without limitation in
Therefore, the present disclosure is well adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present disclosure may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. The indefinite articles “a” or “an,” as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that that a particular article introduces; and subsequent use of the definite article “the” is not intended to negate that meaning.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/451,302, which was filed Mar. 10, 2011 and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/US2012/026896 | 2/28/2012 | WO | 00 | 9/3/2013 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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61451302 | Mar 2011 | US |