Patent Application
20080099085
This invention relates generally to hydraulic systems. More particularly, it relates to air filters for hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic systems typically comprise a hydraulic actuator that is coupled through conduits to hydraulic reservoir and a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump provided hydraulic fluid under pressure. This hydraulic fluid is conducted to a hydraulic actuator which performs useful movement. The hydraulic reservoir receives hydraulic fluid after it has passed through the hydraulic actuator and stores it at atmospheric pressure for reuse by the pump.
Hydraulic reservoirs must be sized sufficient to receive and contain all excess fluid in the system that is not kept in the pump and in the actuator. Hydraulic reservoirs are cyclically filled and emptied of hydraulic fluid as the hydraulic system operates.
Since hydraulic reservoirs are typically maintained at atmospheric pressure, air is permitted to pass into the reservoir to make up for hydraulic fluid to compensate for changing levels of hydraulic fluid in the reservoir. To get into or out of the tank, air typically passes through a hydraulic fluid fill tube or hydraulic fluid inlet that is fixed to the upper surface of the reservoir. The hydraulic fluid inlet also permits the hydraulic fluid reservoir to be replenished with hydraulic fluid that leaks or otherwise escapes from the hydraulic system. The hydraulic fluid inlet is typically enclosed at its upper end by a breather cap. The breather cap permits the reservoir to breathe by conducting air through openings on the surface of the breather cap and into (or out of) the hydraulic fluid reservoir.
To prevent contaminants from entering the reservoir, breather caps include internal filters. These filters block the passage of dust, dirt, and other contaminants in trained in the surrounding air that is on into the reservoir. Typically the breather cap is removed only to add hydraulic fluid to the reservoir.
One drawback is that breather caps are often permanently sealed together. They cannot be easily disassembled for cleaning when the internal filter of the breather cap becomes plugged with contaminants. If the internal filter is not cleaned, dirty air may bypass the filter element and enter the reservoir.
What is needed, therefore, is a means for extending the lifespan of the breather cap by prefiltering outside air before it reaches the internal filter of the breather cap. It is an object of this invention to provide a hydraulic fluid reservoir having such a filter.
In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, a hydraulic fluid reservoir is provided, comprising a tank configured to hold hydraulic fluid at atmospheric pressure; a hydraulic fluid inlet fixed to and extending from the tank; a breather cap removably coupled to a free end of the hydraulic fluid inlet; and an air filter removably coupled to the hydraulic fluid inlet and abutting the breather cap to filter air before it enters the breather cap, said filter having an air resistance low enough to maintain air in the tank at atmospheric pressure.
The breather cap may have a plurality of apertures extending through an outer surface thereof to communicate air through said breather cap and into the tank, and further the air filter may abut the breather cap to prevent outside air from entering the apertures without first passing through the air filter. The air filter may comprise an open cell foam ring disposed about a circumferential surface of the hydraulic fluid inlet. The air filter may comprise a skin fixed to at least a portion of the outer surface of the open cell foam ring to thereby prevent the passage of air therethrough. The skin is thin and flexible. The air filter may be spaced slightly apart from the apertures to thereby enclose the apertures and provide an air outlet surface of the air filter having a greater surface area than the combined area of the apertures. The air filter may define a generally cylindrical outer wall, and the outer wall further comprises a downwardly extending circumferential ring disposed to prevent fluids from wetting a bottom surface of the air filter.
In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, an air filter for a hydraulic fluid reservoir having a hydraulic inlet tube with a breather cap is provided, the air filter comprising a cylindrical body having a longitudinal axis, an inner cylindrical wall and a first axially facing outlet, wherein the inner cylindrical wall is configured to be supported on an outer surface of a hydraulic fluid inlet tube, and further wherein the first axially facing outlet is configured to abut and seal against a breather cap of the hydraulic fluid reservoir.
The cylindrical body may comprise flexible open cell foam. The cylindrical body may have a cylindrical outer wall, and further wherein the cylindrical body comprises a flexible skin bonded to at least a portion of the cylindrical outer wall. The air filter may further comprise a filter support configured be fixed to the surface of the hydraulic inlet tube and to extend outwardly therefrom to support the cylindrical body on the hydraulic fluid inlet tube.
In the figures, like numbered items represent the same part.
Referring now to
Tank 102 may be of any arrangement capable of containing a quantity of hydraulic fluid. Typically, tank 102 is a metal chamber of a generally box-like configuration. It may be made of any other material capable of containing hydraulic fluid, and may have a variety of internal and external contours. An example can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 6,585,128.
Hydraulic fluid inlet 104 provides an opening to tank 102 that is capable of receiving hydraulic fluid and transmitting it into the tank. In the preferred embodiment, shown here, hydraulic fluid inlet 104 is a circular tube that is welded or otherwise fixed to an aperture in the top of tank 102.
Breather cap 106 is fixed to the upper, free end of hydraulic fluid inlet 104 to permit airflow into tank 102 and to reduce the chance of dirt and other contaminants entering the tank. Breather cap 106 is fixed to the upper end of hydraulic fluid inlet 104. In the preferred embodiment, shown here, breather cap 106 is preferably a generally cylindrical and metallic body coaxial with the tube that forms hydraulic fluid inlet 104. Other configurations such as rectangular caps, oval caps, hemispherical caps, are acceptable. Other materials, such as plastic, are also acceptable.
Air filter 108 abuts the lower edge of cap 106. It filters air pulled into the hydraulic fluid reservoir before the air enters breather cap 106. Since this filtering occurs before the air is drawn into breather cap 106, it may also be called a “prefilter”. In the preferred embodiment, shown here, air filter 108 is a generally cylindrical tubular body (
Air filter 108 is preferably made out of a porous polymeric material, such as a flexible, elastic, open cell, porous expanded foam. It is preferably a monolithic body, having substantially the same constituency and structure throughout. It provides an air resistance low enough to maintain air in the tank at atmospheric pressure.
To increase the filtration capacity of air filter 108, the outer surface of the air filter may be covered with a skin 109 that is thin and does not pass contaminated air therethrough. In the preferred embodiment, this skin may be formed integral with the body of air filter 108 during a foam expansion process that forms the body of the air filter. The skin 109 can be formed on the outer surface of air filter 108 that is exposed to the environment except the doughnut-shaped bottom surface 130.
The effect is to prevent air from entering air filter 108 on its way through breather cap 106 and into tank 102 except where the skin does not exist—the bottom surface 130. In the embodiment with a skin, only bottom surface 130 functions as an atmospheric inlet or outlet for air filter 108. Requiring air to enter air filter 108 only through bottom surface 130 forces air to pass through substantially the entire length of air filter 108, from bottom to top, before it is drawn into breather cap 106 and thence into tank 102.
Any region of the outer surface can have a skin fixed thereto to prevent air from entering the air filter 108 in that region. Alternatively, the outer surface of the air filter 108 can have no skin 109 at all.
Skin 109 does not need to be formed integral with the air filter 108 during the foam expansion process, however. Skin 109 may be painted on the outer surface, or alternatively it may be provided as a separate mechanical shell in which air filter 108 is disposed, such as a lightweight metal or plastic cylinder. If air filter 108 is bonded permanently to skin 109, it is preferable that the skin 109 be flexible, to permit air filter 108 to be more easily cleaned, for example, by repeatedly and manually compressing and expanding the foam in a solvent material such as soapy water or a light solvent.
Air filter element 120 abuts lower shell 116 and seals against a plurality of apertures 122 formed in the lower shell 116. Apertures 122 pass through lower shell 116 and provide an opening for air to be drawn into or expelled from hydraulic fluid reservoir 100. Apertures 122 are circular and are arranged in a circle that extends about the periphery of hydraulic fluid inlet 104 (
While this is the preferred embodiment, any arrangement or shape of apertures that permits air from the ambient environment to pass into cavity 118 and thence into tank 102 is acceptable. In the preferred embodiment, shown herein, the sealing of air filter 108 against the bottom edge of upper shell 114 simultaneously prevents all the air from the environment from entering all of apertures 122. This is advantageous in that each aperture 122 need not be equipped with its own air filter, and instead air filter 108 in the form of a single monolithic structure can be provided for all of the apertures 122 on the underside of breather 106.
Air filter element 120 also abuts a central aperture 124 that passes through lower shell 116 and provides a communicating path between air filter element 120 and the inside of tank 102. It simultaneously encloses all of the apertures 122 by making contact with the bottom edge of upper shell 114.
Aperture 124 passes through a tubular section 126 of lower shell 116 that abuts the inside surface of hydraulic fluid inlet 104. The outer surface of tubular section 126 is preferably threadedly engaged to the inner surface of hydraulic fluid inlet 104. In an alternative arrangement, tubular section 126 of lower shell 116 may be eliminated and replaced with a simple aperture having mechanical couplings, such as bayonet mounts, that are configured to mate with corresponding mechanical couplings formed in the upper end of hydraulic fluid inlet 104.
Air filter element 120 seals against interior surfaces of cap 106 that extend between apertures 122 (which communicate the inner surface of cap 106 and cavity 118 to the ambient environment) and aperture 124 (which communicates the inner surface of cap 106 and cavity 118 to the interior of the tank). Air filter element 120 thereby defines a passage for filtered air that extends between the ambient environment outside tank 102 and the environment inside tank 102.
In the preferred embodiment, air filter 108 does not contact and seal against each of the apertures 122 individually, but instead seals against the bottom edge of upper shell 114. This defines an annular upper surface 127 (
When hydraulic fluid is withdrawn from tank 102, air is drawn into air filter 108 from the outside environment. This air is pulled into air filter 108 into the outwardly facing surfaces of air filter 108 that are not covered by skin 109, i.e. surface 130. The air passes through air filter 108 and exits through the entire large annular upper surface 127 of the air filter 108. The air leaving surface 127 passes into a cavity 128 defined between lower shell 116 and surface 127. Once it has passed through this cavity, the air enters apertures 122 and passes into cavity 118 of breather cap 106.
Cavity 128 is advantageous. It permits a significantly larger portion of air filter 108 to be used for filtering. By spacing the air filter 108 away from direct contact with apertures 122, the reduced air pressure in tank 102 generated by the hydraulic fluid volume dropping in tank 102 and the resultant drop in air pressure in the tank can act upon the entire annular upper surface 127 and thereby provide a much larger outlet for air filter 108.
If air filter 108 was pressed against apertures 122, the only outlet to the air filter 108 would be the small circular portions of air filter 108 that abutted apertures 122. This would provide greater resistance to air flow through air filter 108. As illustrated herein, however, with the top surface of air filter 108 spaced away from apertures 122, the filtering capacity and the airflow resistance of air filter 108 is decreased. Of course, the hydraulic fluid reservoir can also be operated with air filter 108 in abutment to apertures 122.
Air filter 108 is preferably formed as a monolithic body in the form of a right circular cylinder. it is preferably formed of an elastic and porous open cell foam. It preferably has an inner diameter slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the hydraulic fluid inlet 104 to which it is attached, and an outer diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of breather cap 106. The smaller inner diameter of air filter 108 causes it to be stretched when it is pulled over hydraulic fluid inlet 104 and to then relax (when released) and grasp the outer surface of hydraulic fluid inlet 104 firmly. In this manner, the operator can move air filter 108 up or down along the outer surface of hydraulic fluid inlet 104 until the air filter 108 to seal upper surface 126 properly against the bottom edge of breather cap 106 with no air leakage therebetween.
Air filter 108 is preferably not adhesively attached to hydraulic fluid inlet 104. This permits air filter 108 to be more easily removed and cleaned. To clean the air filter, the operator removes breather cap 106, and slides air filter 108 up and off the upper end of hydraulic fluid inlet 104. To install air filter 108, the operator removes breather cap 106 and slides air filter 108 down over the free end of hydraulic fluid inlet 104. The operator then replaces breather cap 106, fixing it to the upper end of hydraulic fluid inlet 104, and adjusts air filter 108 upward or downward along hydraulic fluid inlet 104 until it is sealed sufficiently against breather cap 106.
Air filter 108′ has a skin 202 constructed and arranged the same as skin 109 of air filter 108. Air filter 108′ has a sloping upper surface 204 formed as a frustum of a cone that slopes downward an outward away from breather cap 106. Surface 204 is covered with skin 202.
Air filter 108′ has a generally circular and cylindrical side wall 206 that is also covered with skin 202. Skin 202 extends downward laid covering the entire upwardly facing an outwardly facing surfaces of air filter 108′. Skin 202 prevents water or other liquid contaminants from being drawn into air filter 108′. Any liquid material falling on air filter 108′ drips down side wall 204 outward and away from the abutting junction between sidewall 204 and the bottom edge of upper shell 114. It drips down sidewall 206 and gathers at the bottom edge 208 of air filter 108′.
Like air filter 108, air filter 108′ has a large annular open top surface 127 which is disposed within cavity 128 and preferably spaced away from apertures 122. Surface 127 forms the air filter 108′ airflow outlet, as described above, when air is pulled through air filter 108′ and into tank 102.
Like air filter 108, air filter 108′ has a lower surface portion 130 that is not covered with skin 109 to permit airflow therethrough. This forms an air inlet in air filter 108′, as described above, when air is pulled through the air filter 108′ and into tank 102. In the embodiment of
The embodiment of
Having described the preferred embodiment, it will become apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
