The present disclosure relates generally to an engine valve actuation system, and more particularly to a hydro-mechanical valve actuation module.
Modern internal combustion engines typically include multiple engine valve components associated with each combustion cylinder that must be rapidly and reliably moved between open and closed positions during operation. Gas exchange valves, including intake valves and exhaust valves, open and close during engine operation to respectively enable fresh air, and sometimes air mixed with fuel, to be admitted to a cylinder for combustion, and exhaust to be expelled. A camshaft driven in an engine gear train is commonly applied to rotate engine cams in contact with rocker arms that reciprocate to open and close engine valves at desired opening and closing timings. The operating environment of an engine generally, and with regard to gas exchange valves in particular, tends to be quite harsh. Not only are the various components moved relatively rapidly and sometimes with significant force impacts upon valve seats or the like they are also subjected to relatively extreme temperatures and temperature changes. Failure or performance degradation of gas exchange valves in an engine can often require that an associated cylinder be shut down, and in worst case scenarios can result in catastrophic engine failure.
Adding to the complexity and nuances of engine valve and valve actuation system design is the increased interest in recent years in selectively varying opening and closing timings in an effort to optimize efficiency, emissions, and for various other purposes. For these and other reasons engine valve actuation systems are generally designed and built to be quite robust. One known engine valve actuation system is known from U.S. Pat. No. 7,594,485 to Harmon. While the strategy set forth in Harmon certainly has applications, there is always room for improvement and development of alternative strategies.
In one aspect, an engine valve actuation system includes a camshaft rotatable about a camshaft axis and including a first cam having a first cam profile about the camshaft axis and a second cam having a second cam profile about the camshaft axis different from the first cam profile. The engine valve actuation system further includes a valve actuation module having a housing forming an actuation fluid inlet, a first piston coaction passage, a second piston coaction passage, and a drain. The valve actuation module further includes a first hydro-mechanical linkage having a first cam-follower piston movable within the housing in response to rotation of the first cam, and a first valve-actuation piston movable within the housing to actuate an engine valve, and each of the first cam-follower piston and the first valve-actuation piston having a piston face exposed to an actuation fluid pressure of the first piston coaction passage. The valve actuation module further includes a second hydro-mechanical linkage having a second cam-follower piston movable within the housing in response to rotation of the second cam, and a second valve-actuation piston movable within the housing to actuate an engine valve, and each of the second cam-follower piston and the second valve-actuation piston having a piston face exposed to an actuation fluid pressure of the second piston coaction passage. The engine valve actuation system further includes an electrically actuated control valve movable from a closed position, where the second piston coaction passage is blocked from the drain, to an open position to deactivate the second hydro-mechanical linkage.
In another aspect, a hydro-mechanical valve actuation module for an engine valve actuation system includes a housing forming an actuation fluid inlet, a first piston coaction passage, a second piston coaction passage, and a drain. The valve actuation module further includes, a first hydro-mechanical linkage having a first cam-follower piston movable within the housing in response to rotation of a first cam, and a first valve-actuation piston movable within the housing to actuate an engine valve, and each of the first cam-follower piston and the first valve-actuation piston has a piston face exposed to an actuation fluid pressure of the first piston coaction passage. The valve actuation module further includes a second hydro-mechanical linkage having a second cam-follower piston movable within the housing in response to rotation of a second cam, and a second valve-actuation piston movable within the housing to actuate an engine valve, and each of the second cam-follower piston and the second valve-actuation piston having a piston face exposed to an actuation fluid pressure of the second piston coaction passage. The valve actuation module further includes a first electrically actuated control valve movable from a closed position, where the first piston coaction passage is blocked from the drain, to an open position to deactivate the first hydro-mechanical linkage, and a second electrically actuated control valve movable from a closed position, where the second piston coaction passage is blocked from the drain, to an open position to deactivate the second hydro-mechanical linkage.
In still another aspect, a hydro-mechanical valve actuation module for an engine valve actuation system includes a housing having a first housing block and a second housing block, an actuation fluid inlet formed in the first housing block, and a drain formed in the second housing block. A first hydro-mechanical linkage is within the first housing block and includes a first cam-follower piston movable in response to rotation of a first cam, and a first valve-actuation piston hydraulically co-acting with the first cam-follower piston to actuate an engine valve. A second hydro-mechanical linkage is within the second housing block and includes a second cam-follower piston movable in response to rotation of a second cam, and a second valve-actuation piston hydraulically co-acting with the second cam-follower piston to actuate an engine valve. The valve actuation module further includes a first electrically actuated control valve within the first housing block and movable from a closed position, to an open position to deactivate the first hydro-mechanical linkage, and a second electrically actuated control valve within the second housing block and movable from a closed position, to an open position to deactivate the second hydro-mechanical linkage.
Referring to
Referring also now to
As can also be seen from
Engine valve actuation system 52 further includes a plurality of valve actuation modules 64 each associated with one of cylinders 16. Valve actuation modules 64 may be substantially identical to one another, and attached to engine housing 14, such as by bolting to an engine head or other supporting structure attached to a cylinder block. Bolts 74 are shown in
Valve actuation module 64 further includes a first hydro-mechanical linkage 88 having a first cam-follower piston 90 movable within housing 66 in response to rotation of first cam 58. Linkage 88 may also include a first valve-actuation piston 92 movable within housing 66 to actuate an engine valve, for example exhaust valve 50. Valve actuation module 64 further includes a second hydro-mechanical linkage 98 having a second cam-follower piston 100 movable within housing 62 in response to rotation of second cam 60. Linkage 98 also includes a second valve-actuation piston 102 movable within housing 66 to actuate an engine valve, in the illustrated case also for actuating exhaust valve 50. Valve actuation module 64 may still further include a third hydro-mechanical linkage 108 having a third cam-follower piston 110 movable within housing 66 in response to rotation of third cam 62, and a third valve-actuation piston 102 movable within housing 66 to actuate an engine valve, in the illustrated case intake valve 48.
Referring also now to
Engine valve actuation system 52 further includes an electrically actuated control valve 116, within housing 66, and movable from a closed position, where second piston coaction passage 82 is blocked from drain 86, to an open position to deactivate second hydro-mechanical linkage 98. Engine valve actuation system 52 may further include a second electrically actuated control valve 114, within housing 66, and movable from a closed position, where first piston coaction passage 80 is blocked from drain 86, to an open position to deactivate first hydro-mechanical linkage 88. Engine valve actuation system 52 may still further include a third electrically actuated control valve 118, within housing 66, and movable from a closed position, where third piston coaction passage 84 is blocked from drain 86, to an open position to deactivate third hydro-mechanical linkage 108.
Housing 66 may further include a first housing block 68, a second housing block 70, and a third housing block 72. Actuation fluid inlet 76 may be formed in a first one of the several housing blocks and is illustrated in housing block 72. Drain 86 and actuation fluid outlet 78 may be each be formed in another one of the several housing blocks, and in the illustrated case housing block 68. In other embodiments each of inlet 76, outlet 78 and drain 86, could be the same housing block, or all in the different blocks, for example. It should be appreciated that the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and like terms are used herein for convenience only, and depending upon reference frame or perspective any one of housing blocks 68, 70, or 72 might be understood as a “first” housing block, a “second” housing block, or a “third” housing block. In the illustrated embodiment, housing block 72 has third hydro-mechanical linkage 98 therein, and forms actuation fluid inlet 76. Housing block 68 has first hydro-mechanical linkage 88 therein and forms both actuation fluid outlet 78 and drain 76. Housing blocks 68, 70, 72, may be separate pieces each having suitable fluid connections therein for supplying actuation fluid to a respective one of piston coaction passages 80, 82, and 84, and conveying drained actuation fluid to drain 86 by way of operation of a respective one of electrically actuated control valves 114, 116, 118, as further discussed herein. Electrically actuated control valves 114, 116, 118, may be within first housing block 68, second housing block 70, and third housing block 72, respectively, although the present disclosure is not thereby limited and valves 114, 116, 118 might be all within the same housing block or even outside of housing 66 in some embodiments. In still other instances, two of valves 114, 116, 118, or all three, might be integrated into one valve member, for instance. Internal combustion engine system 10 may further include an electronic control unit 51 in electronic control communication with electrically actuated control valves 114, 116, 118, and also in electronic control communication with fuel injectors 42, and various of the pumps, sensors, actuators, and other electronic equipment of internal combustion engine system 10.
From the forgoing description and accompanying illustrations, it will be appreciated that engine valve actuation system 52 may have camshaft in an overhead arrangement and may include no rocker arms and no valve lifters for operating intake valves 48 and exhaust valves 50. As illustrated in
Also in the illustrated embodiment, first cam-follower piston 90 and first valve-actuation piston 92 are movable, within housing block 68, along respectively transverse piston axes 124 and 126. Piston axes 124 and 126 may be perpendicular to one another as illustrated, with piston 90 moving left and right in
It will be recalled that linkage 88 and linkage 98 may each be operationally coupled to one or more exhaust valves 50, and typically two exhaust valves 50 connected by a valve bridge 89. In the illustrated embodiment linkage 108 is operationally coupled to one or more intake valves 48, and typically to two intake valves connected by a valve bridge (not numbered). Electrically actuated control valve 116 may be an engine braking control valve, and electrically actuated control valve 114 may be an exhaust control valve. As can be seen in
Referring to the drawings generally, during operation of engine valve actuation system 52, camshaft 54 is rotated by way of cam gear 55 to rotate cams 58, 60, and 62, in contact with pistons 90, 100, and 110. In the case of normal or non-braking operation, control valve 116 will be positioned in its normal, biased open position, such that linkage 98 is deactivated, and control valve 114 may be in its closed position such that linkage 88 is activated. Linkage 108 will likewise typically be activated by positioning control valve 118 in a biased closed position.
With linkages 88 and 108 activated, and linkage 98 deactivated, exhaust valves 50 and intake valves 80 can open and close at standard opening and closing timings, such as for a conventional four-stroke engine cycle, based on the cam profiles of cams 58 and 62. When it is desirable to initiate engine braking, linkage 98 can be activated and linkage 88 deactivated by suitable positioning of control valves 116 and 114, respectively. Initiating engine braking will vary opening and closing timings of exhaust valves 50 from standard opening and closing timings based on the cam profile of cam 60. In an engine braking mode exhaust valves 50 may open at or close to an end of a compression stroke of piston 17, causing engine 12 to perform work to compress the fluids in cylinder 16, and then releasing the compression, whilst not injecting fuel to produce a combustion reaction. One, two, or potentially all of the valve actuation modules 64 could be operated to engine brake the associated cylinders 16 in internal combustion engine system 10.
In another application, valve actuation module 64 can be used to cut out or deactivate the associated cylinder 16. When cylinder deactivation is desired, control valve 116 can remain in an open position, and each of control valves 114 and 118 can be moved to open positions. In this instance, all three of linkages 88, 98, and 108, will be deactivated such that no gas exchange occurs with the associated cylinder 16, no fuel is injected, and piston 17 compresses and permits expansion of fluids in combustion cylinder 16 without performing net work. Analogous to engine braking, valve actuation modules 64 can be operated to cut out any number of cylinders 16 in engine 12.
The present description is for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed to narrow the breadth of the present disclosure in any way. Thus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications might be made to the presently disclosed embodiments without departing from the full and fair scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Other aspects, features and advantages will be apparent upon an examination of the attached drawings and appended claims. As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the term “one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.
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