Patent Application
20140324237
The present invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device, a hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting method and a program.
Planning of economical load distribution has been conducted to minimize the total power generation cost including such as fuel and start-up expenses or maximize the selling price of generated power while satisfying the power demand using various mathematical programming. For example, NPL 1 discloses a technology of planning power demand and power supply so that the 24-hour power generation cost is minimized. And PTL 1 discloses a technology of planning the water level of a reservoir so that the price of generated power is maximized. Further, there is a case where the power price for the next day is presented to a customer for the customer to check and determine the usage amount of power demand to use. For example, PTL 2 discloses a technology of controlling the temperature of hot water in a calorifier type tank so that the electric power expense for heating is minimized. In recent years, experiments are being performed to control the demand with real-time power prices which is called a smart grid.
However, with conventional technology various optimal plans, for example, power generation plans for thermal power generation, power generation plans for hydro power generation, hot water plans for calorifiers and the like have been independently conducted so that there is a possibility that an optimal plan is not necessarily carried out as a whole.
The present invention has been made in view of such foregoing background and an object thereof is to provide a hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device, a hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting method and a program that can adjust a plurality of plans that have been calculated separately.
The main aspect of the present invention for solving the aforementioned problem is a device for adjusting a plan of hydroelectric power generation, communicatively connected to a supply-demand planning device and each of a plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices, the supply-demand planning device calculating an optimal value of an output per a unit time by the hydroelectric power generation as well as calculating an optimal value of a power price per the unit time, and the each of the plurality of the hydroelectric power generation planning devices planning the output by the hydroelectric power generation in accordance with the power price, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device including an optimal supply-demand plan acquiring unit configured to acquire from the supply-demand planning device the optimal value of the output per the unit time and the optimal value of the power price, a price signal creation unit configured to create a price signal that is a value obtained by converting the optimal value of the power price using a predetermined algorithm, a power generation planning device control unit that controls the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the price signal and acquires planned values of the output from the hydroelectric power generation planning devices, and a price adjusting unit configured to increase or reduce the power price for the unit period in which a difference between a total value of the planned values of the output and the optimal value of the output is equal to or greater than a predetermined output difference threshold value, wherein the price signal creation unit creates the price signal by converting the increased or reduced power price, and the power generation plan control device re-controls the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the created price signal.
According to the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device of the present invention, the price adjusting unit reduces the power price when the total value of the planned values of the output is equal to or greater than the optimal value of the output by the output difference threshold value, and increases the power price when the total value of the planned values of the output is equal to or less than the optimal value of the output by the output difference threshold value.
Additionally, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price adjusting unit set a predetermined minimum value to the power price when the total value of the planned values of the output is equal to or greater than the optimal value of the output by the output difference threshold value.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price adjusting unit set a predetermined maximum value to the power price when the total value of the planned values of the output is equal to or less than the optimal value of the output by the output difference threshold value.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the supply-demand planning device calculate the optimal value of the output by the hydroelectric power generation and an optimal value of an amount of demand of electric power by electric equipment, and calculate the power price in accordance with the optimal value of the output and the optimal value of the amount of demand, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device further including a demand planning device control unit that controls the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the price signal and acquires a planned value of the amount of demand from the demand planning devices, the price adjusting unit increasing or reducing the power price for the unit time in which the difference between a total value of the planned values of the amount of demand and the optimal value of the amount of demand is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount of a demand difference threshold value, the price signal creation unit creating the price signal created by converting the increased or reduced power price, and the demand planning device control unit re-controlling at least one of the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the created price signal.
Further, in the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price adjusting unit increase the power price when the total value of the planned values of the amount of demand is equal to or greater than the optimal value of the amount of demand by the amount of demand threshold value, and reduce the power price when the total value of the planned values of the amount of demand is equal to or less than the optimal value of the amount of demand by the amount of demand threshold value.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price adjusting unit set a predetermined maximum value to the power price when the total value of the planned values of the amount of demand is equal to or greater than the optimal value of the amount of demand by the amount of demand threshold value.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price adjusting unit set a predetermined minimum value to the power price when the total value of the planned values of the amount of demand is equal to or less than the optimal value of the amount of demand by the amount of demand threshold value.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price signal creation unit determine as a reference value one of the power price per the unit time, and create as the price signal a ratio of the power price per the unit time to the reference value.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price signal creation unit calculate a mean value of the power price per the unit time, and create as the price signal a ratio of the power price per the unit time to the mean value.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may further include a coefficient storage unit configured to store a coefficient for each customer that uses the planning device, wherein the price signal creation unit specifies the customer of the planning device that provides the power price, reads the coefficient corresponding to the specified customer from the coefficient storage unit, and calculates the price signal by multiplying the power price per the unit time by the read coefficient.
Further, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention may have the price signal creation unit determine as the price signal a rank in accordance with the power price.
And according to another aspect of the present invention is a device for adjusting a plan of hydroelectric power generation, communicatively connected to a supply-demand planning device and each of a plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices, the supply-demand planning device calculating an optimal value of an output per a unit time by the hydroelectric power generation as well as calculating an optimal value of a power price per the unit time, and the each of the plurality of the hydroelectric power generation planning devices planning the output by the hydroelectric power generation in accordance with the power price, the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device including an optimal supply-demand plan acquiring unit configured to acquire from the supply-demand planning device the optimal value of the output per the unit time and the optimal value of the power price, a power generation planning device control unit configured to control the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the power price and acquire planned values of the output from the hydroelectric power generation planning devices, and a price adjusting unit configured to increase the power price for the unit period in which a total value of the planned values of the output falls below the optimal value of the output, wherein the power generation planning device control unit re-controls at least one of the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the increased power price.
Further, in the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention the supply-demand planning device calculates the optimal value of the output by the hydroelectric power generation and an optimal value of an amount of demand of electric power by electric equipment, and calculates the power price in accordance with the optimal value of the output and the optimal value of the amount of demand, and the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device further includes a demand planning device control unit that controls the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the acquired optimal value of the power price and acquires planned values of the amount of demand from the demand planning devices, the price adjusting unit further reduces the power price for the unit time in which a total value of the planned values of the amount of demand falls below the optimal value of the amount of demand, and the demand planning device control unit controls at least one of the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the reduced power price.
Further, according to another aspect of the present invention is a method for adjusting a plan of hydroelectric power generation, including a computer communicatively connected to a supply-demand planning device and each of a plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices, the supply-demand planning device calculating an optimal value of an output per a unit time by the hydroelectric power generation as well as calculating an optimal value of a power price per the unit time, and the each of the plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices planning the output by the hydroelectric power generation in accordance with the power price, performing the steps of acquiring from the supply-demand planning device the optimal value of the output per the unit time and the optimal value of the power price, creating a price signal that is a value obtained by converting the optimal value of the power price using a predetermined algorithm, controlling the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the price signal and acquiring a planned value of the output from the hydroelectric power generation planning devices, increasing or reducing the power price for the unit period in which a difference between a total value of the planned values of the output and the optimal value of the output is equal to or greater than a predetermined output difference threshold value, creating the price signal by converting the increased or reduced power price, and re-controlling at least one of the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the created price signal.
Further, in the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting device according to the present invention the supply-demand planning device calculates the optimal value of the output by the hydroelectric power generation and an optimal value of an amount of demand for power by electric equipment, and calculates the power price in accordance with the optimal value of the output and the optimal value of the amount of demand, the method further including the computer controlling the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the price signal and acquiring planned values of the amount of demand from the demand planning devices, increasing or reducing the power price for the unit time in which the difference between a total value of the planned values of the amount of demand and the optimal value of the amount of demand is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount of demand difference threshold value, creating the price signal created by converting the increased or reduced power price, and re-controlling at least one of the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the created price signal.
Further, another aspect of the present invention is a method of adjusting a hydroelectric power generation plan having a computer, communicatively connected to a supply-demand planning device and each of a plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices, the supply-demand planning device calculating an optimal value per a unit time of an output by the hydroelectric power generation as well as calculating an optimal value of a power price per the unit time, and the each of the plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices planning the output by the hydroelectric power generation in accordance with the power price, execute the steps of acquiring from the supply-demand planning device the optimal value of the output per the unit time and the optimal value of the power price, controlling the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the power price and acquiring planned values of the output from the hydroelectric power generation planning devices, increasing the power price for the unit period in which a total value of the planned values of the output falls below the optimal value of the output, and re-controlling at least one of the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the increased power price.
Further, in the hydroelectric power generation plan adjusting method according to the present invention the supply-demand planning device calculates the optimal value of the output by the hydroelectric power generation and an optimal value of an amount of demand for power by electric equipment, and calculates the power price in accordance with the optimal value of the output and the optimal value of the amount of demand, the computer further controls the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the acquired optimal value of the power price, and acquires the planned values of the amount of demand from the demand planning devices, the price adjusting unit further reduces the power price for the unit time in which a total value of the planned values of the amount of demand falls below the optimal value of the amount of demand, and the demand planning device control unit controls at least one of the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the reduced power price.
And another aspect of the present invention is a program for adjusting a plan of hydroelectric power generation having a computer, communicatively connected to a supply-demand planning device and each of a plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices, the supply-demand planning device calculating an optimal value of an output by the hydroelectric power generation per a unit time as well as calculating an optimal value of a power price per the unit time, and the each of the plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices planning the output by the hydroelectric power generation in accordance with the power price, execute the steps of acquiring from the supply-demand planning device the optimal value of the output per the unit time and the optimal value of the power price, creating a price signal that is a value obtained by converting the optimal value of the power price using a predetermined algorithm, controlling the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the price signal and acquiring a planned value of the output from the hydroelectric power generation planning devices, increasing or reducing the power price for the unit period in which a difference between a total value of the planned values of the output and the optimal value of the output is equal to or greater than a predetermined output difference threshold value, creating the price signal by converting the increased or reduced power price, and re-controlling at least one of the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the created price signal.
Further, with the program of the present invention, the supply-demand planning device may calculate the optimal value of the output by the hydroelectric power generation and an optimal value of an amount of demand for power by electric equipment, and calculate the power price in accordance with the optimal value of the output and the optimal value of the amount of demand, the method further may have the computer execute a step of controlling the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the price signal and acquire planned values of the amount of demand from the demand planning devices, increasing or reducing the power price for the unit time in which the difference between a total value of the planned values of the amount of demand and the optimal value of the amount of demand is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount of demand difference threshold value, creating the price signal created by converting the increased or reduced power price, and re-controlling at least one of the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the created price signal.
Further, another aspect of the present invention is a program for adjusting a plan of hydroelectric power generation having a computer, communicatively connected to a supply-demand planning device and each of a plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices, the supply-demand planning device calculating an optimal value of an output by the hydroelectric power generation per a unit time as well as calculating an optimal value of a power price per the unit time, and the each of the plurality of hydroelectric power generation planning devices planning the output by the hydroelectric power generation in accordance with the power price, execute the steps of acquiring from the supply-demand planning device the optimal value of the output per the unit time and the optimal value of the power price, controlling the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the power price and acquiring planned values of the output from the hydroelectric power generation planning devices, increasing the power price for the unit period in which a total value of the planned values of the output falls below the optimal value of the output, and re-controlling at least one of the hydroelectric power generation planning devices to plan the output in accordance with the increased power price.
Further, with the program of the present invention, the supply-demand planning device calculates the optimal value of the output by the hydroelectric power generation and an optimal value of an amount of demand for power by electric equipment, and calculates the power price in accordance with the optimal value of the output and the optimal value of the amount of demand, the computer further controls the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the acquired optimal value of the power price, and acquires the planned values of the amount of demand from the demand planning devices, the price adjusting unit further reduces the power price for the unit time in which a total value of the planned values of the amount of demand falls below the optimal value of the amount of demand, and the demand planning device control unit controls at least one of the demand planning devices to plan the amount of demand in accordance with the reduced power price.
The other problems and the solutions for the same described by this application are exposed by the Description of Embodiments, the description of the figures, and others.
According to the present invention, a plurality of separately calculated plans can be adjusted.
Herein below, description will be given of the economical load distributing system including the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in
The supply-demand planning device 23 creates a plan for output and power demand (hereinafter “optimal supply-demand plan”) so that the cost for generating electricity is minimized during a predetermined period (24 hours in the present embodiment). The supply-demand planning device 23 performs simulations on amount of electrical power generated by hydroelectric power generation (hereinafter “hydroelectric output”), amount of electrical power generated by thermal power generation (hereinafter “thermal output”), amount of electrical power consumed to charge rechargeable batteries (hereinafter “charge demand”) and amount of electrical power consumed by loads other than the rechargeable battery 25, to minimize 24-hour power generation cost. The supply-demand planning device 23 can calculate the optimal supply-demand plan based on, for example, a method described in the NPL 1. Note that, in NPL 1, the optimal supply-demand plan is calculated on the premise that the hydroelectric output and the power demand is given, however, the supply-demand planning device 23 of the present embodiment is assumed to be capable of calculating the optimum value of hydroelectric output and power demand in addition to thermal output by, for example, such as varying the hydroelectric output and power demand. The supply-demand planning device 23 increases or decreases the hourly amount of electric power demand, hydroelectric output and thermal output according to various factors such as for example, hourly power price for a unit amount of electrical power at the electric power exchange or expenses for starting up the generator for thermal power generation (start-up cost), constraints associated with the rechargeable battery 25, constraints associated with loads besides the rechargeable battery 25, constraints associated with power generation by those besides thermal power generation, and the like. And the supply-demand planning device 23 calculates the unit cost for power generation (hereinafter “unit power generation cost”), and further calculates the power generation expenses by multiplying the total output by the unit power generation cost and counting the result for 24 hours. Thereafter the supply-demand planning device 23 calculates the hydroelectric output (hereinafter “optimal output”), thermal output, output besides those by hydraulic power and thermal power, charge demand (hereinafter “optimal demand”), electrical power consumed by other loads and the like to minimizes the power generation expenses. Note that, in the present embodiment, the unit power generation cost is assumed to be the power price. The supply-demand planning device 23 is, for example, a personal computer or a workstation, a mobile phone unit, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and the like. Further, the supply-demand planning device 23 and the later-described economical load distribution adjusting device 10 may be implemented by a single computer.
The water level planning device 21 (corresponds to the “hydroelectric power generation planning device” of the present invention) plans the water level of the reservoir (hereinafter “optimal water level plan”) so that the selling price of power generated by hydroelectric power generation is maximized while satisfying the various limiting conditions. The methods disclosed in, for example, PTL 1 can be used for planning the water level plan by the water level planning device 21. As the limiting conditions associated to hydroelectric power generation, there are, for example, the minimum amount of water provided (water intake) to the power generator (hereinafter “minimum water intake”), maximum amount of water intake (hereinafter “maximum water intake”) and the like. The water level planning device 21 also calculates the hourly hydroelectric output (hereafter “planned output”) in the optimal water level plan. In the present embodiment, the water level planning device 21 is assumed to be provided hourly power prices for calculating the optimal water level plan according to the provided power price. The water level planning devices 21 are computers provided to each hydroelectric power station and are, for example, a personal computer or a workstation, a mobile phone unit, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and the like.
The charge control device 22 (corresponding to the “demand planning device” of the present invention) makes a charging plan (hereinafter “optimal charging plan”) for the rechargeable batteries 25 so that the electric power expense for charging is minimized while satisfying the various limiting conditions. As the limiting conditions associated with the rechargeable battery 25, there are for example, the minimum amount of power that can be carried to the rechargeable batteries 25 (hereinafter “minimum carried current”) or maximum amount thereof (hereinafter “maximum carried current”) and the minimum and maximum capacities of the rechargeable battery 25. The charge control device 22 is also provided hourly power prices for calculating the optimal charging plan according to the provided power price. Additionally, the charge control device 22 also calculates the hourly power demand in the optimal charging plan (hereinafter “planned demand”). The charge control device 22 is a computer provided for each rechargeable battery 25 of the power demander. The charge control device 22 may be, for example, a charger connected to the rechargeable batteries 25 or may be a personal computer and a PDA that are connected to the charger to control the operation of the charger.
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 makes adjustments so that the water level planning of the reservoir and the charging plan for the rechargeable batteries are performed to agree with the optimal supply-demand plan calculated by the supply-demand planning device 23 as much as possible. If there is a time period when the total amount of planned output that the water level planning devices 21 have planned is greater than the optimal output in the optimal supply-demand plan, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 reduces the power price of that time period and makes the water level planning device 21 recalculates the water level plan. Since the water level planning device 21 plans the water level to maximize the selling price of power, the plan is expected to be corrected so that the output during the time period with the reduced power price is cut down. In this way, the output can be brought close to the optimal supply-demand plan. Further, if there is a time period when the total planned demand that the charge control device 22 have planned is greater than the optimal demand in the optimal supply-demand plan, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 raises the power price of that time period and makes the charge control device 22 recalculate the charging plan. Since the charging plan is calculated to minimize the expenses for consumed electric power at the charge control device 22, the charging plan is expected to be corrected so that the electrical power consumed during the time period with increased power price is cut down. In this way, the electric power demand can be brought close to the optimal supply-demand plan.
In the economical load distribution adjusting system of the present embodiment, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 the power price being the unit power generation cost is not sent to the water level planning device 21 and the charge control device 22 as it is but a value (hereinafter “price signal”) obtained by performing a predetermined conversion process on the power price is sent. Hereby, the water level planning device 21 and the charge control device 22 will be creating an optimal water level plan and an optimal charging plan based on the price signal. Details will be given hereunder.
The charge calculation table 231 stores information relating to charge of the rechargeable battery 25.
The usage amount acquiring unit 211 acquires the amount of power scheduled for usage from the rechargeable battery 25. The usage amount acquiring unit 211 of the present embodiment acquires actual values of the amount of power discharged from the rechargeable battery 25 for each hour between a particular time period of the previous day (e.g. 8 a.m.) and the same time period of this day (8 a.m.), as scheduled usage for the same time period of the following day (each hour from 8 a.m. to 8 a.m. of the day after next). Note that the usage amount acquiring unit 211 may receive an input of the scheduled usage from a user or predict the future usage amount based on the past actual values and set the predicted value as the scheduled usage. The usage amount acquiring unit 211 uses the acquired scheduled usage to set as the usage amount 2314 in the charge calculation table 231.
The optimal plan request receiving unit 212 receives a command (hereinafter, “optimal plan request”) instructing to perform an optimization calculation, sent from the economical load distribution adjusting device 10. Hourly power price is included in the optimal plan request and the optimal plan request receiving unit 212 sets the power price included in the optimal plan request as the power price 2318 in the charge calculation table 231. Additionally, a limiting condition may be included in the optimal plan request and in such a case, the optimal plan request receiving unit 212 sets the limiting condition included in the optimal plan request to the charge calculation table 231. Note that the limiting condition has set any one of the minimum capacity 2311, the maximum capacity 2312, the minimum carried current 2315 and the maximum carried current 2316 in the present embodiment.
The optimal charging plan creating unit 213 determines the carried current 2317 so that the electric power expense relating to charging becomes minimum while satisfying the limiting condition, and the demand transmitting unit 214 sends the carried current prepared by the optimal charging plan creating unit 213 to the economical load distribution adjusting device 10.
The optimal charging plan creating unit 213 performs an optimization calculation (S251) by calculating the following formulas (1) through (3) while varying the charge amount (t) at time t
(electric power expense)t=(carried current)t*(power price)t (1)
(charge amount)t+1=(charge amount)t+(carried current)t (2)
Σ{(electric power expense)t}=Σ[{charge amount)t+1−(charge amount)t+(usage amount)t}*(power price)t] (3)
and determines a combination of (charge amount)t that gives the minimum total power expense value ((power expense)t) that satisfies the following limiting conditions (4) and (5).
(minimum capacity)t≦(charge amount)t≦(maximum capacity)t (4)
(minimum carried current)t≦(carried current)t≦(maximum carried current)t (5)
When the optimal charging plan creating unit 213 succeeds in calculating the aforementioned combination of the (charge amount)t (S252:YES), sets the calculated charge amount to the charge amount 2313 in the charge calculation table 131 (S253), calculates the carried current using the above formula (2) to set in the carried current 2317 (254), and sets the calculated electric power expense to the electric power expense 2319 (S255).
The optimal charging plan creating unit 213 subtracts a predetermined step value from each of the initial value 2322 and the end value 2323 of the maximum capacity 2312 (S256) and repeats the processes from step S251.
As explained above, the optimal charging plan creating unit 213 can determine a combination of the (charge amount)ts that has the least charge amount as well as minimizes the total electric power expense among the combinations that has charge amounts at the start and the end points of the plan that are the same, and the (charge amount)t at each time point t during the plan are equal to or greater than the (minimum capacity)t and equal to or less than the (maximum capacity)t. Therefore, needless charging can be avoided thus enabling to extend the life of such as a lithium ion rechargeable battery 25. Also, charging can performed so to minimize the electric power expense after securing the required charge amount. Note that the optimal charging plan creating unit 213 may, for example, vary the energization time or the output (output value) from the charge control device 22 to the rechargeable battery 25, and determine the energization time or the output value that minimizes the total electric power expense using the following formula:
Σ{(electric power expense)t}=Σ[{(energization time)t*(output value)t*(power price)t}.
The optimal supply-demand plan acquiring unit 111 acquires an optimal supply-demand plan calculated by the supply-demand planning device 23. In the present embodiment, the optimal supply-demand plan acquiring unit 111 sends a command instructing to perform an optimal plan request to the supply-demand planning device 23, the supply-demand planning device 23 calculates an optimal supply-demand plan in accordance with the optimal plan request, makes a response indicating the unit power generation cost, optimal demand and optimal output to the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 to be received by the optimal supply-demand plan acquiring unit 111.
The price signal creation unit 115 creates a price signal by converting the hourly unit power generation cost acquired from the supply-demand planning device 23, using a predetermined algorithm. Note that, the above algorithm converts to a value different from the unit power generation cost at least a part of a collection of values that can be taken as the unit power generation cost. The price signal creation unit 115 in the present embodiment is assumed to create as the price signal, a relative price with regard to a reference value, the reference value being the unit power generation cost at a predetermined time. For example, the price signal creation unit 115 uses the unit power generation cost at 0 o'clock as the reference value and can set price signal the quotient value obtained by dividing the hourly unit power generation cost by the reference value for each time period.
The water level planning device control unit 112 (corresponding to the power generation plan control unit of the present invention) controls each water level planning device 21 to create an optimal water level plan and acquires the hourly planned outputs in the optimal water level plan calculated by the water level planning devices 21. In the present embodiment, the water level planning device control unit 112 sends to the water level planning devices 21 an optimal plan request including as the hourly power price the price signal created by the price signal creation unit 115, the water level planning devices 21 calculate the optimal water level plan according to the optimal plan request, make responses indicating the hourly planned output in the optimal water level plan to the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 to be received by the water level planning device control unit 112, thereby controlling the water level planning devices 21.
The charge control device control unit 113 (corresponding to the demand plan control unit of the present invention) controls the charge control devices 22 so that an optimal charge plan is created and acquires the hourly planned demand in the optimal charging plan calculated by the charge control devices 22. In the present embodiment, charge control device control unit 113 sends to the charge control devices 22 an optimal plan request including as the hourly power price the price signal created by the price signal creation unit 115. The charge control devices 22 calculate the optimal charging plan according to the optimal plan request, makes a response indicating the hourly planned demand in the optimal charging plan to the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 to be received by the charge control device control unit 113, thereby controlling the charge control devices 22.
The power price adjusting unit 114 adjusts the unit power generation cost so that the hydroelectric outputs acquired from the water level planning devices 21 agree as much as possible with the optimal supply-demand plan and the power price adjusting unit 114 also adjusts the unit power generation cost so that the charge demand acquired from the charge control devices 22 agrees as much as possible with the optimal supply-demand plan. In the present embodiment, the power price adjusting unit 114 adjusts the power price of the time period during which the total amount of planned output acquired from the water level planning devices 21 exceeds the optimal output included in the optimal supply-demand plan so to become lower than the current power price, and adjusts the power price for the time period during which the total amount of planned demand acquired from the charge control devices 22 exceeds the optimal demand included in the optimal demand plan so to become higher than the current power price.+
The price signal creation unit 115 creates a price signal from the adjusted power price. The water level planning device control unit 112 sends to at least one of the water level planning devices 21 the optimal plan request including as the power price the price signal created by converting the adjusted power price to thereby allow the water level planning device 21 to recalculate the optimal water level plan. Further, the charge control device control unit 113 sends to at least one of the charge control devices 22 the optimal plan request including as the power price the price signal created by converting the adjusted power price to thereby allow the charge control device 22 to recalculate the optimal charge plan. In this way, each of the planned output and the planned demand are adjusted to agree with the optimal supply-demand plan.
The supply-demand planning device 23 calculates the optimal supply-demand plan (S301), the water level planning devices 21 calculate the hourly planned output according to the optimal water level plan (S302), and the charge control devices 22 calculate the hourly planned output according to the optimal charging plan (S303). The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 determines the sequences of the water level planning devices 21 (power plants) and the charge control devices 22 (rechargeable batteries) to be adjusted (S304). Note that, the way in which the sequence is determined will be explained later.
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 determines whether the planned output has been optimized by determining whether there is a time period at which the total value of the planned output received from the water level planning devices 21 exceeds the optimal output (S305) and when the planned output is not optimized (S305: NO), lowers the power price for such time period and creates a price signal (S306) and the water level planning devices 21 recalculate the planned output with to the optimal water level plan according to the price signal (S307).
The planned output is determined to be optimized if the total value of the planned output at any time does not exceed the optimal output (S305: YES) and the process proceeds to step S308. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 determines whether the planned demand has been optimized by determining whether there is a time period at which the total amount of the planned demand received from the charge control devices 22 exceeds the optimal demand (S308) and when the planned demand has not been optimized (308: NO), the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 raises the power price for that time period and creates a price signal (S309) and the charge control devices 22 recalculate the planned demand with the optimal charging plan according to the price signal (S310).
Steps S401-S403 correspond to step S301 in
Steps S404-S407 correspond to step S302 in
Steps S408-S410 correspond to step S303 in
Steps S411-S412 correspond to steps S306 and S309 in
Steps S413-S415 correspond to steps S305 and S307 in
Steps S416-S418 correspond to steps S308 and S310 in
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 repeats the processes from step S411 to step S418 until the planned output is equal to or less than the optimal output and the planned demand is equal to or less than the optimal demand for all the time, or the optimal water level plan and the optimal charging plan are recreated for all the water level planning devices 21 and all the charge control devices 22.
In the foregoing manner, the optimal water level plan and the optimal charging plan are adjusted in each of the water level planning devices 21 and each of the charge control devices 22 so that the optimal output and the optimal demand in the optimal supply-demand plan are reached as much as possible.
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 creates a price list 61 that stores the unit power generation cost received from the supply-demand planning device 23 in association with the hydroelectric power plants (S500).
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 specifies the beginning of time when the hourly total is maximized and sorts the columns of the price list 61 and the output list 62 in descending order of output of hydroelectric power plants at that time (S503).
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 records time t(k) in association with order k in the descending order of hourly totals of the output list 62 in the time table in order of output 64 shown in
If P0 is less than PMAX (S512: NO), the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 increments n (S513) and repeats the processes from step S510.
When P0 becomes equal to PMAX or greater (S512: YES), the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 sets the power price of the nth power plant and those subsequent thereto, in other words, the value corresponding to t o'clock of the power plants after the nth one from the left in the price list 61, to a predetermined minimum value (S514). In the example of
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 performs the following processes for variable i starting from 1 and ending with k. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 reads t (i) from the time table in order of output 64 for the nth and preceding power plants, acquires the output in the output list 62 corresponding to t (i) o'clock and converts the acquired output to water intake Q (S515). As disclosed in PTL 1, for example, equation Pn=Qn*hn*c*g holds true where Pn is the generated amount of electricty, Q is the water intake, hn is the effective drop, c is the coefficient associated to the conversion efficiency and g is the gravitational acceleration. In the present embodiment, the effective drop hn and the coefficient c associated to the conversion efficiency are assumed to take the same value for all the power plants and therefore, the water intake Q may be calculated from the output with the above equation. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 sets the calculated water intake Q to both the minimum water intake and maximum water intake of the limiting conditions list 63 corresponding to t (i) o'clock for power plants prior to the nth power plant (S516). In this way, the water intake Q at t (i) o'clock is prevented from being varied for the first to nth power plants. And therefore, the output at t(i) o'clock can be prevented from varying when the water level planning devices 21 recalculate the optimal water level plan.
The above processes are repeated for i starting from 1 and ending with k, and the minimum water intake and the maximum water intake corresponding to t(i) o'clock are set with the aforementioned converted water intake for power plants whose power prices are not adjusted. In the example of
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10, for each of the hydroelectric power plants, reads the power price for each time from the price list 61, reads the limiting conditions (minimum water intake and maximum water intake) for each time from the limiting conditions list 63, converts the read power price to a price signal, sends an optimal plan request including the converted price signal and the limiting conditions to the water level planning devices 21 (S517) and makes the water level planning devices 21 recalculate the optimal water level plan. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 increments k (S518). The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 repeats the processes from step 506 if the processes for all the times are not performed yet, that is, if k is 24 or less (S519: NO), and terminates the process if k is greater than 24 (S519: YES).
As explained above, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 in the economical load distributing system of the present embodiment can make the water level planning devices 21 recalculate the water level plan after setting the power price, to a minimum value, of a time period where the total value of the planned output is greater than the optimal output if such time period exists. Since the water level is planned to maximize the selling price of power by the water level planning devices 21, the plan is expected to be corrected to reduce the output of time periods having the lowered power prices. In this way, the output can be brought close to the optimal supply-demand plan. Additionally, in the economical load distribution system of the present embodiment, the unit power generation cost calculated by the supply-demand planning device 23 is converted to a price signal being a relative price, and is then applied to the water level planning device 21 as the power price. Therefore, the unit power generation cost that is a business secret of the power company can be kept from being applied to the water level planning device 21 as it is even when a business enterprise other an electric power company operates a hydroelectric power plant due to, for example, deregulation of electric power.
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 creates price list 71 that stores therein the unit power generation cost received from the supply-demand planning device 23, in association with the rechargeable batteries 25 (S520). In the present embodiment, the price list 71 stores therein the unit power generation cost with the rechargeable batteries 25 in the column direction and time period in the row direction. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 creates a demand list 72 that stores for each rechargeable battery 25 the planned demand received from the charge control devices 22 (S521). In the present embodiment, the demand list 72 also stores demand with the rechargeable batteries 25 in the column direction and time period in the row direction. Further, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 sums up the planned demand corresponding to each rechargeable battery 25 for each time to set in the hourly total column 651 of the demand list 72. Furthermore, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 creates a limiting conditions list 73 that stores limiting conditions for each time period for each rechargeable battery 25 and sets the limiting conditions as the initial values (S522).
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 specifies the beginning of time when the hourly total is maximized and sorts the columns of the rechargeable batteries in the price list 71 and the demand list 72 in descending order of demand at that time period (S523).
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 records time t(k) in association with order k in descending order of hourly totals of the demand list 62 in the time table in order of demand 74 shown in
If L0 is less than LMAX (S532: NO), the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 increments n (S533) and repeats the processes from step S530.
When L0 is LMAX or greater (S532: YES), the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 sets the power price of the nth and its subsequent rechargeable batteries, in other words, the value corresponding to t o'clock of the rechargeable batteries after the nth one from the left in the price list 71 to a predetermined maximum value (S534). In the example of
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 performs the following processes for variable i starting from 1 and ending with k. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 reads t(i) from the time table in order of demand 74 for the nth and preceding rechargeable batteries 25, acquires the demand in the demand list 72 corresponding to t(i) o'clock (S535). The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 sets the acquired demand to both the minimum carried current and the maximum carried current of the limiting conditions list 73 corresponding to t(i) o'clock for the nth and preceding rechargeable batteries 25 (S536). In this way, the carried current at t(i) o'clock is prevented from being varied for the first to nth rechargeable batteries 25. And therefore, the demand at t(i) o'clock can be prevented from varying when the charge control devices 22 recalculate the optimal charging plan.
The above processes are repeated for i starting from 1 and ending with k, and the acquired demand is set to both the minimum carried current and the maximum carried current corresponding to t(i) o'clock for the rechargeable batteries 25 that do not have the power prices adjusted.
The economical load distribution adjusting device 10, for each of the rechargeable batteries 25, reads the power price for each time from the price list 71, reads the limiting conditions (minimum capacity and maximum capacity, and minimum carried current and maximum carried current) for each time from the limiting conditions list 73, converts the read power price to a price signal, and sends the optimal plan request including the converted price signal and the limiting conditions to the charge control devices 22 (S537) and makes the charge control devices 22 recalculate the optimal charging plan. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 increments k (S538). The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 repeats the processes from step 526 when the processes for all the times are not performed yet, that is, if k is 24 or less (S539: NO), and terminates the process if k is greater than 24 (S539: YES).
As explained above, the charge control devices 22 can be made to recalculate the charging plan after setting the unit power generation cost, to a maximum value, of a time period where the total of the planned demand is greater than the optimal demand if such time period exists. Since the charging plan is recalculated to minimize the electric power expense for charging by the charge control devices 22, the charging plan is expected to be corrected to reduce the consumed power of time periods having the increased power price. In this way, the concentrated demand is dispersed and the power demand can be brought close to the optimal supply-demand plan.
Further, according to the economical load distribution adjusting system of the present embodiment, the unit power generation cost calculated by the supply-demand planning device 23 is converted to a price signal being a relative price and then given to the charge control devices 22 as the power price. Therefore, for example, the unit power generation cost that is a business secret of the power company can be kept from being applied to the charge control devices 22 as it is. Thus unnecessary concerns by the consumers due to leakage of the unit power generation cost can be prevented since the power price itself is not provided to the charge control devices 22 even when, for example, the power prices differ depending on the contract details of each power consumer (user of the rechargeable battery 25).
Further, according to the economical load distribution adjusting system of the present embodiment, as long as the required charge amount (the minimum capacity 2321 at the final time point) of the rechargeable battery 25 is satisfied, a charging plan is created so that the charge amount is kept as small as possible. The life of rechargeable batteries 25, when using lithium ion batteries and the like, are known to have their lives shortened when they are charged up to their maximum capacities. However, as in the economical load distribution system of the present embodiment, life of the rechargeable batteries 25 may be extended by creating a charging plan such that the charged amount is kept small as possible.
Note that in the present embodiment, the economical load distributing system was assumed to have placed a plurality of water level planning devices 21, however, there may be a case where only a single water level planning device 21 is installed. Similarly, there may be a case where only a charge control device 22 is installed. Further, there may be only one or more charge control devices 22 placed without installing a water level planning device 21 or reversely, only one or more water level planning devices 21 installed without installing a charge control device 22.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 was made to recalculate the optimal plan for each of the water level planning devices 21 and the charge control devices 22, however, an optimal plan for only either the water level planning devices 21 or the charge control devices 22 may be recalculated.
Further, in the present embodiment, the charge control devices 22 were assumed to be connected to the rechargeable batteries 25, however, the rechargeable batteries 25 need not be permanently connected to the charge control devices 22 such as is the case with the rechargeable battery 25 mounted on an electric-powered vehicle.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, each charge control device 22 was assumed to calculate the optimal charging plan, however, a single server may be connected to each group of a plurality of charge control devices 22 and have the pertinent server calculate the optimal charging plan. In this case, the server can be made to include a usage amount acquiring unit 211, an optimal plan request receiving unit 212, an optimal charging plan creating unit 213, a demand transmitting unit 214, and a charge calculation table 231, where the usage amount acquiring unit 211 can acquire the usage amount from each charge control device 22 and the charge calculation table 231 can be provided to each charge control device 22.
Even further, in the present embodiment, charging the rechargeable batteries 25 was assumed as the object of power demand, however, any electric equipment can be used as long as a demand plan can be created according to the power price. For example, heating plans of a calorifier type tank, operation plans of machinery in factories and the like can be the targets of application.
Yet further still, in the present embodiment, the price signal creation unit 115 was assumed to be included in the economical load distribution adjusting device 10, however, the price signal creation unit 115 can be included in the water level planning devices 21 or the charge control devices 22 instead. In this case, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 has the optimal plan request include the unit power generation cost as it is as the power price rather than as a price signal and the water level planning device 21 and the charge control devices 22 are made to create the optimal water level plan and the optimal charging plan after converting the power price included in the received optimal plan request into a price signal.
Even further still, limiting conditions associated with hydroelectric power generation assumed only the minimum water intake and maximum water intake, however, other limiting conditions may be set as long as the limiting conditions do not vary from the previous output even when the optimal water level plan is recalculated.
Even further still, the initial value of the limiting conditions of all the hydroelectric power plants were assumed to be the same, however, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 can be made to acquire the limiting conditions from the water level planning devices 21.
Even further still, the effective drop hn of all the hydroelectric power plans were assumed to be the same, however, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 can be made to store the has of each hydroelectric power plants and read them.
Even further still, the charge control device 22 was assumed to be connected to each rechargeable battery 25 in the present embodiment, however, a plurality of rechargeable batteries 25 may be connected to a single charge control device 22.
Even further still, the price list 71 and the demand list 72 were assumed to be created for each rechargeable battery 25 in the present embodiment, however, the rechargeable batteries 25 may be collected into groups when a large number of rechargeable batteries 25 are installed. The group can be, for example, the area where the rechargeable batteries 25 are installed. In this case, for example, the charge control devices 22 sends to the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 area information indicating the area where the rechargeable batteries 25 are installed together with hourly charge demand. The economical load distribution adjusting device 10 sums up the hourly charge demand sent from the charge control devices 22 in the same area and stores in the demand list 72 the hourly charge demand in association with the area information. Further, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 stores the power price for each area information in the price list 71. The power price adjustment process shown in above
Even further still, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 may divide the rechargeable batteries 25 into groups. In this case, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 includes a rechargeable battery information storage unit 131 (corresponds to the “group storage unit”, “address storage unit”, “system storage unit” and “server storage unit” of the present invention) that stores therein information (hereinafter, rechargeable battery information) relating to the rechargeable batteries 25 and a group determining unit that determines the group of the rechargeable batteries 25 based on rechargeable battery information.
The group determining unit can divide the rechargeable batteries 25 into groups so that the group of rechargeable batteries 25 has, for example, at least any one of the same address, the same area number, the same system number or the same server number. Further, the group determining unit can also allocate each rechargeable battery 25 to a group randomly.
Furthermore, the group determining unit can divide the rechargeable batteries 25 into groups so that any one of the address, area, distribution system and the server or a combination thereof are balanced. The grouping process flow by the group determining unit in this case is shown in
Even further still, in the present embodiment, the price was assumed to be adjusted by reducing the price when the total planned output is equal to or greater that the optimal output, and raising the price when the total planned demand is equal to or greater than the optimal demand. However, the price can be adjusted in a reverse manner by raising the price when the total planned output is equal to or less that the optimal output, and reducing the price when the total planned demand is equal to or less than the optimal demand.
In the example shown in
In this way, the charging plans are laid at (e2) by each of the charge control devices 22 in conditions approximately agreeing with the optimal output even when the price is reduced when the total planned demand is equal to or less than the optimal demand.
Further, the price adjustment may be performed by reducing the price when the total planned output is greater that the optimal output, and raising the price when the total planned output is less than the optimal demand, and also by raising the price when the total planned demand is greater than the optimal demand, and reducing the price when the total planned demand is smaller than the optimal demand.
Further, the price adjustment may be performed by fluctuating the price only when the difference between the total planned output and the optimal output is equal to or greater than a first predetermined value, and similarly, by fluctuating the price only when the difference between the total planned demand and the optimal demand is equal to or greater than a second predetermined value (may be the same or different from the first predetermined value).
Even further still, in the present embodiment, a price signal acquired by converting the unit power generation cost was assumed to be provided as the power price to the water level planning devices 21 and the charge control devices 22, however, the unit power generation cost can be provided as the power price without being converted.
Further, the price signal creation unit 115 can be made to calculate with the average value of the unit power generation cost of a predetermined period as the reference value, and create as the price signal the relative price (unit power generation cost/reference value) with regard to this reference value.
Further, the economical load distribution adjusting device 10 can be made to include a coefficient storage unit that stores therein coefficients for each consumer using the rechargeable batteries 25 and the users (hereinafter collectively called utilizers) of the water level planning devices 21, and the price signal creation unit 115 specifies the utilizers of the water level planning devices 21 and the charge control devices 22 that are the transmitting destinations of the optima plan request, reads the coefficient corresponding to the utilizer from the coefficient storage unit, and creates a price signal by multiplying the unit power generation cost by the read coefficient.
Further, the price signal creation unit 115 may be made to round the unit power generation cost to a value of each predetermined step value and then create as the price signal the relative value with the rounded value corresponding to a predetermined time set as the reference value (rounded value/reference value).
Further, the price signal creation unit 115 may be made to create a price signal with a rank (1, . . . , R) corresponding to the unit power generation cost. In this case, the price signal creation unit 115 may be made to set, for example, the minimum value of the unit power generation cost as rank 1 and the maximum value of the unit power generation cost as rank R, and create a price signal with a rank m that satisfies minimum value≦unit power generation cost<(minimum value+m×(maximum value−minimum value)/R) (where 1≦m≦R).
Further, the price signal creation unit 115 may be made to set a value A as rank 1, set a value B (where B>A) as rank R and create a price signal of rank m that satisfies A≦unit power generation cost≦(A+m×(B−A)/R) (where 1≦m≦R).
Further, the price signal creation unit 115 may be made to create a price signal by converting the unit power generation cost with an arbitrary function. In this case, the function can be any function as long as the price signal created by converting a price signal with the relevant function does not become higher than the price signal obtained by converting with the relevant function a unit power generation cost that is lower than the relevant unit power generation cost.
Hereinabove, description was given of embodiments of the present invention, however, the above-described embodiment is intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth here. The present invention may be modified and improved without departing from the scope of the invention, and equivalents thereof are also encompassed by the invention.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/078197 | 12/6/2011 | WO | 00 | 6/6/2014 |
