Power is often extracted from moving water by either damming the water (i.e., effectively stopping the water) and taking advantage of a flow of water downward from the dam, or by using a turbine within a water flow.
One problem with the former solution is that power is most efficiently extracted from moving water by not having to stop and then re-accelerate the water. One problem with the latter solution is that harsh water environments (such as silt, mud, salt, etc.) often cause fouling and regular maintenance of the turbines. The present invention aims to solve at least one of these and other problems.
In one embodiment, a hydroelectric power plant comprises: a wedge comprising a fluid intake and a fluid exhaust; and a first fluid engine inside the wedge and located between the fluid intake and the fluid exhaust in a fluid path inside the wedge, wherein the wedge comprises at least upper and lower surfaces, the upper and lower surfaces angled with respect to each other by at least approximately 15°, wherein the wedge is shaped to divide a fluid flow into at least first and second flow portions and to receive at least a portion of the first flow portion in the fluid intake.
In one aspect, at least a portion of the fluid path inside the wedge is approximately vertical. In one aspect, the upper and lower surfaces are angled with respect to each other by approximately 30° to 60°. In one aspect, at least one of the upper and lower surfaces is adjustable so that the angle at which the upper and lower surfaces are angled with respect to each other is adjustable.
In one aspect, the plant comprises a plurality of fluid intakes, wherein the wedge is shaped to receive at least a portion of the first flow portion in the plurality of fluid intakes, wherein the plant further comprises at least one tangential fluid engine associated with each of the plurality of fluid intakes, each tangential fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the each tangential fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging tangentially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor.
In one aspect, the first fluid engine comprises a tangential fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the first fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging tangentially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor. In one aspect, the first fluid engine comprises an axial fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the first fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging axially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor.
In one aspect, the plant further comprises: a plurality of tangential fluid engines, each tangential fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the each tangential fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging tangentially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor; and a plurality of axial fluid engines, each axial fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the each axial fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging axially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor.
In one aspect, the plant further comprises a second fluid engine inside the wedge and located between the fluid intake and the fluid exhaust in the fluid path. In one aspect, the second fluid engine comprises an axial fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the second fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging axially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor.
In one aspect, the first fluid engine comprises a tangential fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the first fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging tangentially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor, and wherein the rotor of the tangential fluid engine is directly connected to the rotor of the axial fluid engine via a shaft.
In one aspect, the plant further comprises an electrical generator located substantially above the wedge and connected to the rotors of the tangential fluid engine and the axial fluid engine.
In one aspect, the first fluid engine comprises a tangential fluid engine having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis, whereby the first fluid engine is configured to convert kinetic energy of water impinging tangentially on the rotor to rotational kinetic energy of the rotor, and wherein the plant further comprises: a first electrical generator located substantially above the wedge and connected to the rotor of the tangential fluid engine; and a second electrical generator located substantially above tile wedge and connected to the rotor of the axial fluid engine.
In one aspect, the plant further comprises an approximately vertically oriented funnel located in the fluid path. In one aspect, the first fluid engine is located after the funnel in the fluid path. In one aspect, the first fluid engine is located in the funnel. In one aspect, the funnel comprises ridges to induce a preferred flow of fluid inside the funnel.
In one aspect, the lower surface is approximately horizontal. In one aspect, the fluid exhaust is shaped to expel fluid in a direction substantially parallel to a direction of fluid along the lower surface.
In one embodiment, a method of generating electricity comprises: providing a hydroelectric power plant, the plant comprising: a wedge comprising a fluid intake and a fluid exhaust; and a first fluid engine inside the wedge and located between the fluid intake and the fluid exhaust in a fluid path inside the wedge, wherein the wedge comprises at least upper and lower surfaces, the upper and lower surfaces angled with respect to each other by at least approximately 15°, wherein the wedge is shaped to divide a fluid flow into at least first and second flow portions and to receive at least a portion of the first flow portion in the fluid intake; and inserting the plant into a body of water.
In one aspect, the step of inserting comprises inserting the plant into the body of water so that at a location of the insertion, a maximum height of the wedge is approximately 30% to 70% a depth of the body of water at the location.
In one aspect, the step of inserting comprises inserting the plant into the body of water so that the lower surface is at least approximately ten feet above a floor of the body of water. In one aspect, the step of inserting comprises inserting the plant into the body of water so that the lower surface is approximately flush with a floor of the body of water.
In one aspect, the plant further comprises an electrical generator, and wherein the step of inserting comprises inserting the plant into the body of water so that the electrical generator is above a water level of the body of water.
a shows a side view of a power plant according to an embodiment.
b shows a side view of a power plant according to another embodiment.
c shows a side view of a power plant according to another embodiment.
a shows a perspective view of a power plant according to another embodiment.
b shows a side view of the power plant shown in
c shows a perspective view of a power plant according to another embodiment.
In the following description, the use of “a,” “an,” or “the” can refer to the plural. All examples given are for clarification only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring now to
The wedge 3 further comprises a fluid intake 4 and a fluid exhaust 6, and at least one engine 8, 9 located between the fluid intake 4 and the fluid exhaust 6 in a fluid path 10 inside the wedge 3. The wedge 3 is shaped to divide the fluid flow 15 of the body of water into at least a first flow portion 16 and a second flow portion 17, and to receive at least a portion of the first flow portion 16 in the fluid intake 4.
The wedge 3 is located in the body of water a height h2 from the Body Floor, which height h2 may range from approximately 5 to 30 feet, and more preferably from about 10 to 20 feet. The wedge 3 has a height h that ranges from approximately 10 to 100 feet, and more preferably from approximately 20 to 30 feet. The ratio of the height h of the wedge 3 to a depth d of the body of water may range from approximately 0.2 to 0.8, and more preferably from approximately 0.4 to 0.6.
In
Engines 9 may comprise axial fluid engines, each having a rotor having an approximately vertical axis (i.e., vertical as shown in
The engines 8, 9 in
In one embodiment, at least a portion of the fluid path 10 inside the wedge 3 is substantially or approximately vertical, so that the fluid (in this case, water of the body of water) flows downward at some points in the wedge 3.
The fluid exhaust 6 may be located at a back end 7 of the wedge 3, where a lower pressure is induced by suction caused by first and second flow portions 16, 17 flowing around the wedge 3 (along upper and lower surfaces 12, 14, respectively). Alternatively or in addition, the fluid exhaust 6′ may be located at a distal region (i.e., opposite the wedge point 13) of the lower surface 14, where a lower pressure is induced by the fast moving flow of the second flow portion 17.
The fluid intake 4 may have a width (in a direction perpendicular to the page of
Further, any combinations of engines 8, 9 (such as using one or more of each of tangential fluid engines and axial fluid engines in any order along fluid path 10) is within the scope of the present invention. Further, engines 8, 9 may include any engines capable of extracting power from a fluid having static and/or dynamic pressures (i.e., not moving or moving).
In one embodiment, wedge 3 is pivotable along a vertical axis (vertical as shown in
In operation, the power plant 2 produces electricity in the following manner. Wedge 3 (if rotatable about an axis) is rotated so that wedge point 13 faces a direction that is approximately parallel but opposite to the vector of fluid flow 15. If the angle Θ is adjustable, then at least one of surfaces 12, 14 is adjusted so that the optimal angle Θ is achieved, depending on the flow speed (and perhaps other factors) of the fluid flow 15. Fluid flow 15 is broken into first and second portions 16, 17, by the wedge 3, causing at least one of the portions 16, 17 to speed up relative to fluid flow 15 (due to a reduction in cross sectional area through which a constant mass flow rate of fluid can pass). At least a portion of the first portion 16 enters into fluid intake 4, the portion having a high total pressure (sum of static and dynamic pressures), and first engine 8 extracts power from the fluid and converts the power to rotational power transferred to the electrical generator 19 via axle 20. The fluid continues along the fluid path 10 to second fluid engines 9, in which more power is extracted from the fluid and power is converted to rotational power transferred to the electrical generator 19 via axle 20. Finally, the fluid is exhausted via fluid exhaust 6 (or 6′) into the body of water.
The increase in velocity of the first portion 16 due to the wedge 3 is useful in extracting power from the fluid (and increasing efficiency over a comparable system that does not increase the velocity of the fluid). Further, the suction created at the fluid exhaust 6 (6′) further increases the velocity of the fluid passing through the fluid path 10, thus allowing the system to extract more power and increase efficiency. In other words, in one embodiment, the fluid is “pushed” into the fluid intake 4 at a velocity higher than in the absence of the wedge 3, and “pulled” from the fluid exhaust 6 at a velocity higher than otherwise.
Referring now to
In one embodiment, one or more fluid engines 9 may be located along the fluid path 10′ in a substantially horizontal region just preceding the fluid exhaust 6.
Referring now to
Referring now to
In
In operation, at least a portion of water flowing LIP the upper surface of the wedge 27 enters the fluid intakes 25 at high velocity. The high velocity fluid then impinges tangentially on the cups or blades of each respective tangential fluid engine 22, causing the rotor of each respective tangential fluid engine 22 to rotate, thus powering respective electrical generators 26 via respective axles 23. Next, water flows cyclonically and downward in a predetermined rotation direction within the funnel 28 toward the lower tangential fluid engine 28, which then extracts further energy from the water as the water pushes the cups, blades, etc. of the lower tangential fluid engine 28. The energy extracted by the rotor of the lower tangential fluid engine 22 is transferred to the respective electrical generator 26 via respective axle 23.
Next, water flows downward from the funnel 28 toward the fluid exhaust (not shown) of the wedge 27, passing through a plurality of axial flow engines 24, which extract energy from the downward flow of the water. This energy is transferred to the respective electrical generator 26 via respective axle 23.
Any of the features of
Further, the plant 21 may include only a single fluid intake 25 or several, and may include only one tangential fluid engine 22 or a plurality, or one axial fluid engine 24 or a plurality, etc. The plant 21 may include any type of fluid engine capable of extracting usable energy from a fluid having dynamic and/or static pressure. Further, the funnel 28 (and/or the lower tangential fluid engine 22 that makes use of the cyclonic fluid flow induced by the funnel 28) may be eliminated or modified. Further, the rotors of any or all of the engines 22, 24 may rotate at different rates.
Referring now to
In operation, water flowing toward the wedge point of the wedge 48 divides along the upper and lower surfaces 50, 52, and thus accelerates along these surfaces. Because of the higher velocity of water flowing along surfaces 50, 52 and eventually past the wedge 48, a total fluid pressure along back surface 44 (and at fluid exhaust 58) is lower than the total fluid pressure of the water before reaching the wedge point. Thus, a Suction is induced, causing water to be sucked into the fluid intake 56, through the funnel 54 and corresponding fluid engine(s), and out the fluid exhaust 58. Power is extracted from this high velocity fluid and transferred to the generating station 46 via axle 60.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Finally,
Most of the embodiments described herein have represented simple versions for clarity of explanation. As understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, many of the features and/or aspects of the embodiments described herein may be “mixed and matched” to the extent physically possible to satisfy individual design requirements. As merely an example of such allowable mixing and matching, an axial fluid engine may be used in place of a tangential flow engines particularly where a device (as known in the art) is used to change the axis of rotation of the axial fluid engine's rotor (such as allowing a rotor having a horizontal axis to rotate a vertical axis). Any fluid engine known in the art (e.g., Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, etc.) may be used with the present invention. Further, any of the fluid intakes described herein may include a screen or other known device for preventing fish and other debris from entering fluid engines of the power plant. Further, in all embodiments shown, the lower surface is approximately horizontal. However, this need not be the case. For example, the upper surface and lower surface may both be angles with respect to the horizon. For example, the upper surface may be angled positively relative to the horizon at, say, 15°, the lower surface may be angled negatively relative to the horizon at, say, 20°, thus resulting in a relative angle between the upper and lower surfaces to be 35°. The fluid exhaust may exhaust fluid in a direction substantially parallel to a direction of fluid flow along the lower surface (e.g., see
As another example, the word “wedge” as used herein is not limited to an object having two flat surfaces that are angled with respect to each other, or an object that is perfectly triangular in cross section. Both upper and lower surfaces (e.g., 12 and 14 in
As another example, one or more fluid engines may be located in a substantially horizontal region just preceding (in the fluid path 10′ in
The present invention also includes a method of generating electricity, including providing any of the power plants described herein and inserting said plant(s) into a body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, a river, a sea, or any other body of water. The method may include selecting a body of water and a location within the body such that a ratio of a height of the wedge (h in
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/597,967, filed Dec. 28. 2005, entitled, “A Hydroelectric Power Plant and Method of Generating Power,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60597967 | Dec 2005 | US |