HYDROGEL-BASED PACKAGING OF 2D MATERIALS-BASED BIOSENSOR DEVICES FOR ANALYTE DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS

Abstract

A biosensor device for detecting an analyte in a sample, and methods of fabrication and use thereof. The biosensor device includes a vertical stack including a patterned biosensor layer; a hydrogel layer disposed above and in contact with the patterned biosensor layer; a permeable metallic electrode disposed above the hydrogel layer; and a sample collection layer disposed proximate and in contact with the permeable metallic electrode.

Description

Claims

1. A biosensor device for detecting an analyte in a sample, the biosensor device comprising: a vertical stack comprising: a patterned biosensor layer;a hydrogel layer disposed above and in contact with the patterned biosensor layer,a permeable metallic electrode disposed above the hydrogel layer, anda sample collection layer disposed proximate and in contact with the permeable metallic electrode.

2. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the patterned biosensor layer comprises at least one of a nanocarbon material, graphene with noble metal nanoislands formed thereon, a transition-metal dichalcongenide (TMD), a two-dimensional (2D) material, or a one-dimensional material.

3. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel layer comprises at least one of agarose or polyacrylamide.

4. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel layer is adapted to electrophoretically filter and separate a plurality of sample moieties by size.

5. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel layer is adapted to electrophoretically concentrate a plurality of oligonucleotides from the sample at a surface of the patterned biosensor layer.

6. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the permeable metallic electrode is adapted to control a temperature of the biosensor device.

7. The biosensor device of claim 6, wherein the temperature results in lysis of the sample.

8. The biosensor device of claim 7, wherein the temperature enhances hybridization of the analyte to a biomolecular ligand immobilized in contact with the patterned biosensor layer.

9. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the permeable metallic electrode is configured to act as at least one of a cathode or an anode during electrophoresis through the hydrogel layer.

10. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the patterned biosensor layer is disposed above and in contact with a substrate.

11. The biosensor device of claim 10, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of glass, a polymeric film, a single crystal material, surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrate, a localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) substrate, a surface plasma resonance (SPR) substrate, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) labeled substrate, or an electrochemical sensing substrate.

12. The biosensor device of claim 1, further comprising a biomolecular ligand immobilized over and in contact with the patterned biosensor layer.

13. The biosensor device of claim 12, wherein the biomolecular ligand comprises at least one of a plurality of oligonucleotide probes, antibodies, antigens, or enzymes.

14. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the sample collection layer comprises an absorbent filter medium.

15. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the sample collection layer comprises a matrix.

16. The biosensor device of claim 1, wherein the sample collection layer is disposed above the permeable metallic electrode.

17. The biosensor device of claim 1, further comprising an absorption layer disposed between the hydrogel layer and the permeable metallic electrode.

18. A dongle in electrical communication with the biosensor device of claim 1, the dongle comprising: a housing;a power supply disposed within the housing; andat least one electrode probe in electrical communication with the power supply and configured to make electrical contact to the patterned biosensor layer.

19. The dongle of claim 18, further comprising a spring configured to, in a first position, position the at least one electrode probe to contact the patterned biosensor layer, and, in a second position, to retract the at least one electrode probe.

20. The dongle of claim 19, where the dongle comprises an interface for electrical communication with a computing device.

21. A method for fabricating a biosensor device, the method comprising: fabricating a vertical stack by: providing a patterned biosensor layer;forming a hydrogel layer over and in contact with the patterned biosensor layer;forming a permeable metallic electrode over the hydrogel layer; andforming a sample collection layer proximate and in contact with the permeable metallic electrode.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising immobilizing a biomolecular ligand over and in contact with the patterned biosensor layer.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising immobilizing at least two different types of biomolecular ligands over and in contact with the patterned biosensor layer.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein immobilizing the at least two different types of biomolecular ligands comprises: a) applying at least two different types of capping agents to the patterned biosensor layer,b) selectively removing one of the capping agents,c) immobilizing a biomolecular ligand to the patterned biosensor layer,d) repeating steps b) and c) at least once with a different type of biomolecular ligand.

25. A method for detecting an analyte in a sample, the method comprising the steps of: depositing the sample onto a top surface of a biosensor device:inserting the biosensor device into a measuring device;activating the measuring device to induce the biosensor device to generate a signal indicating at least one of a presence or a quantity of the analyte; andtransmitting data describing the signal from the measuring device to a computing device.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the biosensor device comprises: a patterned biosensor layer.a hydrogel layer disposed above and in contact with the patterned biosensor layer,a permeable metallic electrode disposed above the hydrogel layer, anda sample collection layer disposed proximate and in contact with the permeable metallic electrode.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the measuring device comprises a dongle.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein activating the measuring device comprises at least one of applying an electrical signal to the biosensor device or illuminating the biosensor device.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein the computing device comprises a smartphone.