Claims
- 1. A reactive prepolymer comprising a copolymer of a first monomer and a 2+2 photocyclizable monomer.
- 2. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein said copolymer comprises between one and about 50 said first monomers for each said 2+2 photocyclizable monomer.
- 3. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein said copolymer comprises between about 10 and about 20 said first monomers for each said 2+2 photocyclizable monomer.
- 4. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein said reactive prepolymer has the structure:
- 5. The reactive prepolymer of claim 4, wherein x is between about 10 and about 20 and y is 1.
- 6. The reactive prepolymer of claim 4, wherein x is about 15 and y is 1.
- 7. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein the first monomer is a monomer that is water-soluble and can undergo chain-type polymerization.
- 8. The reactive prepolymer of claim 7, wherein the first monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, vinyl pyridine, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and vinyl pyrrolidone, or mixtures thereof.
- 9. The reactive prepolymer of claim 7, wherein the first monomer is acrylamide.
- 10. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable monomer comprises a 2+2 photoreactive site and a polymerizable functionality.
- 11. The 2+2 photocyclizable monomer of claim 10, wherein a spacer separates the polymerizable functionality and the 2+2 photoreactive site.
- 12. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-(6-acryloylhexyl)-2,3-dimethylmaleimide and vinyl cinnamate, or mixtures thereof.
- 13. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable monomer comprises a second monomer and a 2+2 photocyclizable compound.
- 14. The reactive prepolymer of claim 13, wherein the second monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, glycidyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid, or mixtures thereof.
- 15. The reactive prepolymer of claim 13, wherein the second monomer is glycidyl methacrylate.
- 16. The reactive prepolymer of claim 13, wherein the second monomer is acrylic acid.
- 17. The reactive prepolymer of claim 13, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable compound is selected from the group consisting of glycidyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, and acryloyl halides, or mixtures thereof.
- 18. The reactive prepolymer of claim 15, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable compound is acrylic acid.
- 19. The reactive prepolymer of claim 16, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable compound is glycidyl methacrylate.
- 20. The reactive prepolymer of claim 1, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable monomer is prepared by forming a copolymer of the first monomer with a second monomer, and subsequently, condensing a 2+2 photocyclizable compound with the copolymer.
- 21. The reactive prepolymer of claim 20, wherein the second monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, glycidyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid, or mixtures thereof.
- 22. The reactive prepolymer of claim 20, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable compound is selected from the group consisting of glycidyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, and acryloyl halides, or mixtures thereof.
- 23. A hydrogel formed by an ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 1.
- 24. A hydrogel formed by an ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 2.
- 25. A hydrogel formed by ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 8.
- 26. A hydrogel formed by ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 10.
- 27. A hydrogel formed by ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 12.
- 28. A hydrogel formed by ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 13.
- 29. A hydrogel formed by ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 18.
- 30. A hydrogel formed by ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 19.
- 31. A hydrogel formed by ultraviolet irradiation of the reactive prepolymer of claim 20.
- 32. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 23.
- 33. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 25.
- 34. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 26.
- 35. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 27.
- 36. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 28.
- 37. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 29.
- 38. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 30.
- 39. A microarray comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 31.
- 40. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 23.
- 41. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 25.
- 42. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 26.
- 43. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 27.
- 44. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 28.
- 45. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 29.
- 46. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 30.
- 47. A continuous film comprising a solid support and the hydrogel of claim 31.
- 48. A method of making a reactive prepolymer comprising copolymerizing a first monomer with a 2+2 photocyclizable monomer, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable monomer comprises a polymerizable functionality and a 2+2 photoreactive site.
- 49. A method of making a reactive prepolymer comprising:
(a) providing a first monomer; (b) copolymerizing said first monomer with a second monomer; and (c) covalently attaching said second monomer to a 2+2 photocyclizable compound to form a 2+2 photocyclizable monomer.
- 50. A method of making a hydrogel comprising:
(a) providing a first monomer; (b) providing a 2+2 photocyclizable monomer; (c) polymerizing two or more first monomers with two or more 2+2 photocyclizable monomers, wherein the 2+2 photocyclizable monomers comprise a polymerizable functionality and a 2+2 photoreactive site; and (d) cyclizing at least two of the 2+2 photocyclizable monomers with ultraviolet light to form the hydrogel.
- 51. The method of claim 50, wherein said hydrogel has a ratio between about one 2+2 photocyclizable monomer to about every 20 first monomers and about one 2+2 photocyclizable monomer to about every 30 first monomers.
- 52. The method of claim 51, wherein between 20% and 65% of said 2+2 photocyclizable monomer is crosslinked.
- 53. The method of claim 51, wherein between 30% and 50% of said 2+2 photocyclizable monomer is crosslinked.
- 54. The method of claim 50, wherein said hydrogel is between about 2 nanometers and about 5 micrometers in thickness.
- 55. The method of claim 50, wherein said hydrogel is between about 2 nanometers and about 100 nanometers in thickness.
- 56. The method of claim 50, wherein said hydrogel is cyclized to a solid support.
- 57. A method of making a hydrogel comprising:
(a) providing a first monomer; (b) providing a second monomer; (c) polymerizing at least two first monomers to at least two second monomers; (d) covalently attaching a 2+2 photocyclizable compound to at least two of the second monomers, wherein said covalent attachment is by a condensation reaction; (e) providing an additional crosslinking agent; and (f) cyclizing at least two of the 2+2 photocyclizable compounds with at least one additional crosslinking agent using ultraviolet light to form the hydrogel.
- 58. The method of claim 57, wherein said additional crosslinking agent is pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.
- 59. The method of claim 57, wherein said hydrogel has a ratio between about one 2+2 photocyclizable compound to about every 20 first monomers and about one 2+2 photocyclizable compound to about every 30 first monomers.
- 60. The method of claim 59, wherein between 20% and 65% of said 2+2 photocyclizable compound is crosslinked.
- 61. The method of claim 59, wherein between 30% and 50% of said 2+2 photocyclizable compound is crosslinked.
- 62. The method of claim 57, wherein said hydrogel is between about 2 nanometers and about 5 micrometers in thickness.
- 63. The method of claim 57, wherein said hydrogel is between about 2 nanometers and about 100 nanometers in thickness.
- 64. The method of claim 57, wherein said hydrogel is cyclized to a solid support.
- 65. A method of making a hydrogel comprising:
(a) providing a first monomer; (b) providing a second monomer; (c) polymerizing at least two first monomers to at least two second monomers; (d) covalently attaching a 2+2 photocyclizable compound to at least two of the second monomers, wherein said covalent attachment is by a condensation reaction; (e) providing the reactive prepolymer of claim 48; and (f) cyclizing at least one of the 2+2 photocyclizable compounds with at least one reactive prepolymer of claim 48 using ultraviolet light to form the hydrogel.
- 66. The method of claim 65, wherein said hydrogel has a ratio between about one 2+2 photocyclizable compound to about every 20 first monomers and about one 2+2 photocyclizable compound to about every 30 first monomers.
- 67. The method of claim 66, wherein between 30% and 50% of said 2+2 photocyclizable compound is crosslinked.
- 68. The method of claim 66, wherein said hydrogel is between about 2 nanometers and about 5 micrometers in thickness.
- 69. The method of claim 65, wherein said hydrogel is cyclized to a solid support.
- 70. A method of making a hydrogel array comprising:
(a) placing a reactive prepolymer including at least two 2+2 photocyclizable sites on a solid support; and (b) cyclizing at least two of the 2+2 photocyclizable sites present in the reactive prepolymer to form a hydrogel array, wherein said hydrogel array is formed by selective irradiation with ultraviolet light.
- 71. The method of claim 70, wherein said selective irradiation is with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 365 nanometers.
- 72. The method of claim 70, wherein said selective irradiation occurs at areas on an array that are not blocked to ultraviolet irradiation by a mask.
- 73. The method of claim 70, wherein said selective irradiation occurs at areas on an array irradiated by an ultraviolet laser.
- 74. The method of claim 70, wherein a hydrogel location of said hydrogel array is between about 2 nanometers and about 5 micrometers in thickness.
- 75. The method of claim 70, wherein a hydrogel location of said hydrogel array is about 200 micrometers in diameter.
- 76. The method of claim 70, wherein a hydrogel location of said hydrogel array is about 100 micrometers in diameter.
- 77. The method of claim 70, wherein a hydrogel location of said hydrogel array is about 50 micrometers in diameter.
- 78. A method of making a continuous hydrogel film comprising:
(a) placing a reactive prepolymer including at least two 2+2 photocyclizable sites on a solid support; and (b) cyclizing at least two of the 2+2 photocyclizable sites present in the reactive prepolymer to form a continuous hydrogel film, wherein said continuous hydrogel film is formed by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
- 79. The method of claim 78, wherein said irradiation is with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of about 365 nanometers.
- 80. The method of claim 78, wherein said continuous hydrogel film is between about 2 nanometers and about 5 micrometers in thickness.
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Nonprovisional Application No. 09/344,217, filed Jun. 25, 1999, entitled “Polyacrylamide Hydrogels and Hydrogel Arrays Made from Polyacrylamide Reactive Prepolymers,” which claimed the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/109,821, filed Nov. 25, 1998 entitled “Polyacrylamide Hydrogels and Hydrogel Arrays Made from Polyacrylamide Reactive Prepolymers.”
Provisional Applications (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60109821 |
Nov 1998 |
US |
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09344217 |
Jun 1999 |
US |
Child |
10131426 |
Apr 2002 |
US |