The presently disclosed systems may be used to obtain hydrogen from a hydrogen liquid carrier. In particular, the presently disclosed systems may be configured for obtaining hydrogen from a hydrogen liquid carrier upon flowing the hydrogen liquid carrier through catalyst equipped flow conduit.
With the limited supply of fossil fuels and their adverse effect on the climate and the environment, it has become a global priority to seek alternate sources of energy that are clean, abundant, and sustainable. While sources such as solar, wind, and hydrogen can meet the world's energy demand, considerable challenges remain to find materials that can store and/or convert energy efficiently.
Efficient hydrogen generation from a hydrogen liquid carrier is a key enabling technology for the advancement of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in applications including stationary power, portable power, and transportation. Hydrogen has the highest energy per mass of any fuel. Its low ambient temperature density, however, results in a low energy per unit volume, therefore requiring the development of advanced storage methods that have the potential for higher energy density. Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal fuel for the transportation industry. However, considerable challenges related to hydrogen generation from a hydrogen liquid carrier still need to be addressed in order to use hydrogen for transportation purposes.
At ambient conditions, hydrogen is a volatile gas. One kg of hydrogen occupies 11.2 m3 (˜100 g/m3)—a volume that may be impractically large for certain hydrogen-based energy applications. One goal in hydrogen utilization, therefore, is the reduction of hydrogen volume, either by compression, liquefaction, adsorption to high surface area materials, or embedding in solid compounds. Solid state hydrogen storage may result in the highest hydrogen volumetric densities, exceeding a volumetric density of liquid hydrogen, for example, by more than a factor of two. Other challenges from the materials perspective may include combined volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen density that may be required for use in the transportation industry (e.g., 5.5 mass % H2 and 40 kgH2/m3, respectively), suitable thermodynamic stability for the working temperature (e.g., −40 to 85° C.), and sufficiently fast reaction kinetics to allow rapid hydrogen uptake and delivery (e.g., refueling of 5 kg of H2 in few minutes).
Metal hydrides, such as metal borohydrides, may offer a hydrogen storage medium. Metal borohydrides may be dissolved in a liquid, such as water, resulting in a hydrogen liquid carrier. Metal borohydrides may be capable of storing hydrogen at targets levels of 7.5 wt % H2 and 70 g of H2 per liter of the liquid carrier. Under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, metal borohydrides may release hydrogen that can be used as a fuel (e.g., for a fuel cell).
Efficiently releasing hydrogen from such a liquid carrier and/or gaining access to most or all of the hydrogen stored in a liquid carrier, however, may present certain challenges. Thus, there is a need to develop solutions for the efficient production of hydrogen from a hydrogen liquid carrier resulting in a spent carrier containing a low concentration of hydrogen.
Consistent with a disclosed embodiment, a reaction chamber for generating hydrogen gas is provided. The reaction chamber for generating hydrogen gas using a hydrogen liquid carrier line may include a channel including a catalyst for causing the hydrogen gas to be produced from the hydrogen liquid carrier, the channel including an inlet end for the hydrogen liquid carrier and an outlet end for a spent carrier. The reaction chamber may also include a valve for controlling a rate of flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier flowing through the channel, a gas outlet for evacuating the hydrogen gas generated in the channel; and at least one processor configured to receive at least one indicator of a demand for the hydrogen gas, and to control the valve to adjust the rate of flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier to meet the demand for the hydrogen gas.
Consistent with another disclosed embodiment a reaction chamber for generating hydrogen gas is provided. The reaction chamber for generating hydrogen gas using a borohydride liquid solution carrier line may include a channel including a catalyst for causing the hydrogen gas to be produced from the borohydride liquid solution, the channel including an inlet end for the borohydride liquid solution and an outlet end for a spent solution. The reaction chamber may also include a valve for controlling a rate of flow of the borohydride liquid solution flowing through the channel; a gas outlet for discharging the hydrogen gas generated in the channel; and at least one processor configured to receive at least one indicator of a demand for the hydrogen gas, adjust a rate of flow of the borohydride liquid solution in the channel using a flow controller based on the received demand, and discharge an amount of the hydrogen gas generated in the channel based on the received demand. The reaction chamber may discharge an amount of the hydrogen gas generated in the channel based on the received demand.
Consistent with another disclosed embodiment, a system for generating hydrogen gas using a borohydride liquid solution is provided. The system for generating hydrogen gas using a borohydride liquid solution may include a channel including a catalyst for causing the hydrogen gas to be produced from the borohydride liquid solution, the channel including an inlet end for the borohydride liquid solution and an outlet end for a spent solution. The system may also include a valve for controlling a rate of flow of the borohydride liquid solution through the channel; a gas outlet for evacuating the hydrogen gas generated in the channel; and at least one processor configured to receive at least one indicator of a demand for the hydrogen gas, and to control the valve to adjust the rate of flow of the borohydride liquid solution in the channel to meet the demand for the hydrogen gas. Additionally, the system may include a hydrogen storage tank.
The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the claims.
The accompanying drawings are not necessarily to scale or exhaustive. Instead, the emphasis is generally placed upon illustrating the principles of the inventions described herein. These drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments consistent with the disclosure and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. In the drawings:
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, discussed with regards to the accompanying drawings. In some instances, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings and the following description to refer to the same or like parts. Unless otherwise defined, technical and/or scientific terms have the meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The disclosed embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Thus, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.
In various embodiments of the present invention, a system for storing a hydrogen liquid carrier and related chemical compounds and/or byproducts is disclosed in connection with a hydrogen generating system 10 for generating hydrogen for powering a fuel cell. In an illustrative embodiment shown in
In various embodiments, a hydrogen liquid carrier may include metal hydrides, and in some embodiments, metal borohydrides. In an illustrative embodiment, metal borohydrides may include any chemical compound that may be described by formula M1-BH4, where M1 may be a metal selected from a column I of the periodic table of elements, or alloys of metals selected from a column I of the periodic table of elements. In an illustrative embodiment, metal M1 may include any of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, and Fr. In some embodiments, however, metal M1 may be selected from column II of the periodic table and may include Mg and Be. Alternatively, M1 metal may also include Al, Ti, Be, Ca or other suitable metals.
In some embodiments, a hydrogen liquid carrier may include chemical compounds containing more than one metal. In an illustrative embodiment, the hydrogen liquid carrier may include ternary hydrides with a chemical compound described by a formula M1aM1b-H4, where M1a and M1b may be metals. In an example embodiment, M1a may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ti, Be, Fr, or other suitable metals. In an example embodiment, M1b may include Al, Ni, Be, Ca, Ti, or other suitable metals. Additionally or alternatively, the hydrogen liquid carrier may include quaternary hydrides, such as Li—B—H or other suitable quaternary hydrides described by formula m1a-H4.
The hydrogen liquid carrier may include other chemical compounds other than an aqueous solution of metal hydrides or metal borohydrides. For example, the hydrogen liquid carrier may include solubility-enhancing chemicals or stabilizers, such as soluble metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide). Other usable stabilizers may include potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide, among others. The liquid component of the hydrogen liquid carrier may include any suitable liquid. Such liquids may include water or alcohols. The liquid carrier may also include additives, stabilizers, or other reaction enhancers, such as sodium hydroxide as a stabilizer, a polyglycol as a surfactant, or many others.
In various embodiments, a hydrogen liquid carrier may also be referred to as a liquid carrier, carrier or a hydrogen-based liquid fuel. As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the term “liquid carrier” or “hydrogen liquid carrier” may refer to a carrier configured to release hydrogen under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions in the proximity of a catalyst. As used herein, unless otherwise specified the term “depleted” when referring to a spent carrier describes the hydrogen liquid carrier after either fully or partially releasing hydrogen. For example, when the carrier is fifty percent depleted, half of all the available hydrogen has been released by the carrier as compared to the maximum amount of hydrogen that can be released by the carrier. In various embodiments, a depleted carrier may also be referred to as a spent carrier. In some embodiments, the spent carrier may include a partially depleted carrier and may contain some hydrogen that can still be released from the carrier.
In various embodiments, a spent carrier is formed during a reaction when hydrogen is released from a hydrogen liquid carrier. In an example embodiment, a reaction may include the reaction of metal borohydrides (described by formula M1-BH4) with water leading to M1-metaborate formation, where M1 Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ti, Be, Fr, or other suitable metals.
In various embodiments, the chemical reaction between reactants, such as M1-BH4 and water may be performed when reactants are dissolved in water. In an illustrative embodiment, an aqueous solution of M1-BH4 may be used as a hydrogen liquid carrier, and via chemical reaction, may release hydrogen and form a spent carrier, that may be an aqueous solution of metal borate. While an aqueous solution of metal borate is one example of the spent carrier, the spent carrier may include various other chemical compounds. In an illustrative process, when metal hydrides are used as a hydrogen liquid carrier, the resulting spent carrier may include metals and metaborates.
In various embodiments, a hydrogen liquid carrier may release hydrogen in a reaction chamber 120 when in contact with catalyst 121. In various embodiments, catalyst 121 may include any suitable catalyst for facilitating hydrogen production and may include transition metals, such as Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Ru, Pt, B, alloys, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, catalyst 121 may include a Group III metal, Cobalt-P, Cobalt-B, Cobalt-Ni, P and Cobalt-NIB or Electriq Global™ E-Switch. In various embodiments, generated hydrogen may be delivered via outflow line 125A to hydrogen storage chamber 126 and, subsequently, to fuel cell 130. In various embodiments, system 10 may include pressure sensors and pressure pumps (not shown in
In various embodiments, system 10 may include controllers that may be operated by a computing system 15 schematically shown in
Program instructions stored on computer-readable storage medium 150 may include assembler instructions, machine dependent instructions, firmware instructions, source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming languages, procedural programming languages or functional programming languages. The programming language may be Fortran, Lisp, C++ or the like. The program instructions may be executed by processor 140 of computing system 15. In some embodiments, the computing system may provide a user interface 16 for modifying data, for updating program instructions or for entering various parameters used by the program instructions.
In various embodiments, processor 140 of computer system 15 may be configured to receive a signal (also referred to as indicator) indicating a demand for the hydrogen gas. In response processor 140 may control one or more valves to adjust the rate of flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier to meet the demand for the hydrogen gas. In an illustrative embodiment, the signal indicating the demand for the hydrogen gas may be generated by any power consuming system configured to use hydrogen as a source of fuel. For example, for system 10 installed on a vehicle, the signal indicating the demand for hydrogen gas may originate from or may be associated various vehicle systems (e.g., power control processors, accelerator systems, hydrogen combustion control systems, advanced driver assist systems (ADAS), autonomous vehicle control systems, etc.).
In contrast to the cyclical hydrogen generating system 10 of
In various embodiments, chamber 120 may include a liquid cooling system, such as for example a cooling water jacket 325 as shown in
Another embodiment of reaction chamber 120 is shown in
In various embodiments, catalyst 403B may be configured to be removable and may be secured to channel 412 by screws, bolts, clamps, clips, locking mechanisms, welding, adhesive or any other means. In an illustrated embodiment, catalyst 403B may include multiple porous sheets positioned within the flow formed by the hydrogen liquid carrier flowing through channel 412. In an illustrative embodiment, catalyst 403B may include porous sheets positioned across the flow, aligned with the flow or arranged at an angle to the flow. In some embodiments, catalyst 403B may include multiple porous sheets with some sheets positioned at a first angle to the flow and some sheets positioned at a second angle to the flow. For example, some sheets may be positioned across the flow, and some sheets may be positioned along the flow.
While the present disclosure provides an example configuration of catalyst 403B, it should be noted that the disclosure is not limited to a particular configuration of catalyst 403B. For example, catalyst 403B may be configured in a substantially planar configuration, cylindrical configuration, as a porous block, as a porous cylinder, or as a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mesh, or in any other suitable configuration. In some embodiments, catalyst 403B may be configured to have various other shapes, for example, to promote a flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier within channel 412, or to maximize a surface wetted area of catalyst 403A or catalyst 403B by the hydrogen liquid carrier. In some embodiments, catalyst 403B may be configured as a corrugated sheet or mesh. In other embodiments, catalyst 403B may be arranged in a structured packing configuration. This may include known structured packing configurations, such as a honeycomb, gauze, knitted, sheet metal, grid or other known structured packing configuration. In other embodiments, catalyst 403B may include a spherical or tubular configuration. In some embodiments, channel 412 of reaction chamber 120 may have multiple regions containing catalyst 403A or catalyst 403B.
In various embodiments, the catalyst material forming catalyst 403A or catalyst 403B may include a metal structure and a catalytic coating on the metal structure. In some embodiments, the coating may include Ni. The coating may be formed as a single layer or may include multiple layers (e.g., layers formed through different processes and/or layers including different materials, etc.). While the present disclosure provides examples of a catalyst with a Ni coating, it should be noted that aspects of the disclosure in their broadest sense, are not limited to any particular composition or structure of catalyst 403A or catalyst 403B.
In some embodiments, the metal structure may be composed of stainless steel. The Ni coating on the metal structure may require a specific roughness value or range of roughness values. In some embodiments, the Ni layer may have a roughness value between the range of 6.3-25 μm calculated as the Roughness Average (Ra). While the present disclosure provides examples of exemplary roughness values, it should be noted that aspects of the disclosure in their broadest sense, are not limited to these particular values.
In various embodiments, the flow rate of the hydrogen liquid carrier may be determined in view of a hydrogen release rate and a requested or required rate of hydrogen production. For example, in some cases, to achieve a higher rate of hydrogen release from the hydrogen liquid carrier, the flow rate of the hydrogen liquid carrier to a reaction chamber may be increased. In various embodiments, the flow rate of the hydrogen liquid carrier may be calibrated or correlated with the rate of hydrogen release or hydrogen depletion rate. The calibrated or correlation data may be stored in a memory unit (e.g., a computer-readable storage medium 150) as an operational data that can be accessed by a flow controller. In various embodiments, the flow controller may be controlled by computing system 15.
In various embodiments, the flow rate of the hydrogen liquid carrier may affect the extent to which the hydrogen liquid carrier is depleted (e.g., what percentage of the available hydrogen in the hydrogen liquid carrier is released). In some embodiments, any of the length of channel 412, the amount of catalyst 403A and 403B, or the placement of catalyst 403B within channel 412 may affect the amount of depletion of the hydrogen liquid carrier. In some embodiments, channel 412 may be configured to result in the fully depleted or nearly fully depleted hydrogen liquid carrier (e.g., depletion percentages nearing or equaling one hundred percent) in view of a certain flow rate of the hydrogen liquid carrier. In some cases, the design of channel 412 may facilitate complete depletion of the hydrogen liquid carrier even when reaction chamber 120 is operating at a maximum output level within allowed operational parameters.
One or more hydrogen outlets may be located in any suitable location within reaction chamber 120. In some cases, hydrogen outlets 405A-405C may be located along an upper wall portion of channel 412. In an illustrative embodiment, the flow rate of hydrogen from channel 412 may be controlled by a hydrogen flow controller 430 operating valves 421A-421C for hydrogen outlets 405A-405C. In various embodiments, hydrogen flow controller 430 may be operated by computing system 15 of system 10.
In an illustrative embodiment, processor 140 of system 15 may receive a signal indicating a demand for the hydrogen gas and adjust a rate of flow of the liquid carrier in the channel using flow rate controller 420 controlling valves 402 and 409, based on the received demand. In various embodiments, processor 140 may be configured to receive at least one indicator of the demand for hydrogen gas, and adjust the rate of flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier to meet the demand for hydrogen gas. Additionally, or alternatively, processor 140 may operate hydrogen flow controller 430 to discharge an amount of the hydrogen gas generated in the channel based on the received demand.
The indicator of the demand for hydrogen gas may include signals generated by any system configured to use hydrogen. The signals may be generated by one or more sensors, such as pressure sensors, hydrogen flow rate sensors, or the like. In some embodiments, the amount of the hydrogen gas discharged by hydrogen flow controller 430 may be detected by a sensor, such as a hydrogen pressure sensor, hydrogen flow rate sensor and/or the like. In various embodiments, the pressure sensor may be installed in a region of chamber 120 that contains hydrogen. In various embodiments, the demand for hydrogen gas may correspond to a need for more hydrogen gas, a need for less hydrogen gas, or a need for a maintained level of hydrogen gas supply. Flow rate controller 420 and hydrogen flow controller 430 can respond by controlling the valves (e.g. valves 402 and 409 controlled by flow rate controller 420, and valves 421A-421C controlled by hydrogen flow controller 430) to increase, decrease or maintain a supply of hydrogen gas.
In some embodiments, reaction chamber 120 main include channel 412 with several subsections, with each subsection having a subsection outlet for evacuating the hydrogen gas. In some embodiments, a number of subsections may be selected such that the carrier is depleted after passing through all the subsections, resulting in a spent carrier, and wherein the spent carrier is discharged from the reaction chamber 120 via outlet 410. In some embodiments, reaction chamber 120 may include sensors for monitoring hydrogen pressure at various subsection outlets of channel 412.
In an illustrative embodiment shown in
In some configurations, inlets such as 601A and 601B may be parallel, perpendicular or on opposite sides of the reaction chamber relative to one another. Another example of a carrier inlet is shown in
In various embodiments, chamber 120 may include an inlet 805 and a corresponding flow controller 806 for flowing a liquid 815 that may be used to facilitate hydrogen generation within chamber 120. In some embodiments, liquid 815 may include chemical compounds that may be used for forming solutions of the hydrogen liquid carrier. Such chemical compounds may include solubility-enhancing chemicals or stabilizers, such as soluble metal hydroxides, such as LiOH, NaOH, CaOH or KOH or the like. In various embodiments, liquid 815 may include any liquid capable of reacting with a hydrogen-containing chemical compound (e.g., metal borohydride), and may include, but is not limited to, water. The liquid solvent may also include additives, stabilizers, or other reaction enhancers, such as a surfactant, or others. In various embodiments, the mixture of a liquid and hydrogen containing chemical compound may result in a colloid or a suspension. In some embodiments, liquid 815 may include destabilizing agents.
In various embodiments, chamber 120 depicted in
In various embodiments, the presence of multiple channels may allow for additional (finer) control of the flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier. For example, in some embodiments, each channel may have separate flow control. In some embodiments, some channels may be open for flow and some channels may be closed for flow depending on requirements for the rate of hydrogen release. In some embodiments, channels may differ in catalysts present in the channels or may differ in channel wall roughness. In some embodiments, channels may differ in the chemical constituents of the hydrogen liquid carrier intended to flow through the channel. For example, channels 1101A and 1101B may flow aqueous solutions of a hydrogen liquid carrier with a first ratio of solvent-to-solute, while channels 1102A and 1102B may flow aqueous solutions of a hydrogen liquid carrier with a second ratio of solvent-to-solute. In some illustrative embodiments, the hydrogen liquid carriers flowed through channels 1102A and 1102B may be more concentrated than the hydrogen liquid carrier flowed through channels 1101A and 1101B
In some embodiments, reaction chamber 120 may include a variable cross-section. In an illustrative embodiment of a cross-section of chamber 120, shown in
In various embodiments, the carrier depletion may increase towards the end of chamber 120 as shown for example by a curve 1251, which represents hydrogen concentration in a hydrogen liquid carrier over the length of chamber 120. In various embodiments, flow velocity may decrease as shown for example by a curve 1253, which represents a flow velocity of the hydrogen liquid carrier as it traverses the length of chamber 120. In various embodiments, a decrease in the flow rate of the hydrogen liquid carrier and an increase in the wetted catalytic surface due to the presence of catalytic walls 1221 may offset the depletion of the hydrogen liquid carrier resulting in constant or near constant hydrogen release rate over the length profile of chamber 120, as indicated by curve 1256. It should be noted that the hydrogen release rate is not necessarily required to be constant throughout chamber 120 and any other suitable hydrogen release rate may be adequate. In various embodiments, chamber 120 may include multiple hydrogen outlet channels 1221 and may include any number of channels placed at any location of chamber 120.
In various embodiments, an inflow of the hydrogen liquid carrier may be facilitated by a pump, as the pressure inside reaction chamber 120 may be higher than the pressure in the inflow valve. In some embodiments, the pressure in reaction chamber 120 may be reduced by releasing hydrogen via a hydrogen outflow 1421. In an illustrative embodiment, shown in
In various embodiments, the hydrogen liquid carrier may circulate within loop channel 1410 through operation of a pump 1415, which may be operated at predetermined intervals and/or for a predetermined amount of time. In an example embodiment, the flow rate of the hydrogen liquid carrier and the time of circulation of the carrier within the chamber may be controlled by computing system 15. In an example embodiment, chamber 120 may include a pressure sensor 1460 that measures pressure (e.g., hydrogen pressure) within a chamber. In an example embodiment, data from pressure sensor 1460 may be transmitted to computing system 15 for evaluating changes in pressure as a function of time, as shown for example by curve 1461. When pressure is substantially unchanged or constant (e.g., region 1462 of curve 1461) no release (or generation) of hydrogen may be observed, which may indicate that the hydrogen liquid carrier may be depleted. The depleted (or spent) hydrogen liquid carrier may be discharged via an outlet 1431 by opening an outflow valve 1402.
In some embodiments, the spent carrier may be discharged from chamber 120, as the hydrogen liquid carrier flows into a chamber. In various embodiments, chamber 120 may also include an inlet 1440 for flowing various chemical compounds or liquids into chamber 120. In some embodiments, inlet 1440 may be configured to flow water. For example, in some embodiments, water may be circulated in channel 1410 for cleaning channel 1410.
In some embodiments, inflow 1401 may allow a concentrated hydrogen liquid carrier to enter loop channel 1410, and water may be added via inflow 1440. During the circulation of the hydrogen liquid carrier within loop channel 1410, the concentrated hydrogen liquid carrier may be mixed with water to provide an aqueous solution of a hydrogen liquid carrier. During a process of discharging a spent carrier, the spent carrier may be released by opening an outflow valve, while, at the same time, adding more water into loop channel 1410 via inflow 1440.
In various embodiments, system 10 may include more than one loop channel 1410 as shown in
In various embodiments, the design of chamber 120 may include computational simulations to evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen release. For example, during computational simulation, various trajectories of liquid volumes within the flow of the hydrogen liquid carrier may be evaluated. For each trajectory, an effective time that describes the interaction of liquid volume with the catalyst may be estimated.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration. It is not exhaustive and is not limited to precise forms or embodiments disclosed. Modifications and adaptations of the embodiments will be apparent from a consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosed embodiments. For example, while certain components have been described as being coupled to one another, such components may be integrated with one another or distributed in any suitable fashion.
Moreover, while illustrative embodiments have been described herein, the scope includes any and all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects across various embodiments), adaptations and/or alterations based on the present disclosure. The elements in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. Further, the steps of the disclosed methods can be modified in any manner, including reordering steps and/or inserting or deleting steps.
The features and advantages of the disclosure are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended that the appended claims cover all systems and methods falling within the true spirit and scope of the disclosure. As used herein, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” mean “one or more.” Similarly, the use of a plural term does not necessarily denote a plurality unless it is unambiguous in the given context. Words such as “and” or “or” mean “and/or” unless specifically directed otherwise. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur from studying the present disclosure, it is not desired to limit the disclosure to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the disclosure.
Other embodiments will be apparent from a consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as an example only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments being indicated by the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/658,635, filed on Apr. 17, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/723,331 filed on Aug. 27, 2018. Each of the foregoing applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62658635 | Apr 2018 | US | |
62723331 | Aug 2018 | US |