Patent Application
20060233659
The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage metal alloy capable of repeatedly carrying out the absorption and release of hydrogen. In particular, the present invention relates to a BCC system hydrogen storage metal alloy having theoretically a high capacity for hydrogen storage. Further, the present invention especially relates to a hydrogen storage metal alloy having a highly practicable property, including, for example, not only quantitatively excellent hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics within practical pressure ranges and temperature ranges but also a capacity of adsorbing and desorbing hydrogen in quite great amounts per unit weight, together with a relatively inexpensive producibility, and to a process for production thereof.
At present, there have been worried not only about acid rain due to an increasing NOx (nitrogen oxides) but also about the global warming due to an increasing CO2 in association with an increase in consumption of fossil fuel such as petroleum. Such environmental destruction has become a serious problem Therefore, our attention has been greatly concentrated on development and practical application of various kinds of clean energy which is friendly to the earth. Part of means for developing such a new energy is a practical application of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen is a constituent element of water inexhaustibly present on the earth and can be not only produced using various kinds of primary energy but also utilized as fluid energy in place of conventionally used petroleum without the risk of destroying the environment because its product by combustion is only water. In addition, unlike electricity, it has excellent characteristics such as its relatively easy storage.
In recent years, therefore, investigation has been actively conducted involving hydrogen storage metal alloys as media for storage and transport of hydrogen, and their practical application has been expected. Such hydrogen storage metal alloys are metals/alloys which can absorb and release the hydrogen under an appropriate condition and, by the use of such alloys, it is possible to store the hydrogen not only at lower pressure but also at higher density as compared to the case of the conventional hydrogen cylinders. In addition, the hydrogen volume density thereof is nearly equal to or rather more than that of liquid or solid hydrogen.
These hydrogen storage metal alloys which have been practically used until now are AB5 alloys such as LaNi5 and AB2 alloys such as TiMn2, but their hydrogen absorbing capacity is still insufficient. In recent years, for example, as proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 10-110225 (JP, A, 10-110225), metals/alloys (the metal includes V, Nb, Ta, etc. and the alloy does TiCrV alloys, etc.) each having a body-centered cubic (hereinafter, referred to as “BCC”) structure have been mostly investigated because the number of hydrogen absorbing sites in the crystal lattice is great in the BCC structure and the hydrogen absorbing capacity is as large as H/M=ca. 2 wherein H is occluded hydrogen and M is a constituent element for the alloy (about 4.0 wt %, i.e., it is huge, in alloys of V, etc. having an atomic weight of around 50).
With regard to alloys wherein Ti and Cr are comprised, it has been reported as follows: as suggested in JP, A, 10-110225, when for alloys comprised of only Ti and Cr the admixture ratio of the constituent metals is brought to such an extent that it will be conductible to absorb and release hydrogen at a practicable temperature and pressure (i.e., the atomic ratio of Ti is set at 5<Ti (at %)<60), as also apparent from
A Ti—Cr based alloy (comprised of 5 or more elements) having the formula:
Ti(100-x-y-z)CrxAyBz
wherein A is one member selected from V, Nb, Mo, Ta and W, B is two or more members selected from Zr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, and its crystalline structure is BCC is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 7-252560 (JP, A, 7-252560) and it is pointed out therein that the aforementioned admixture of 5 or more elements is essential for acquiring the aforementioned BCC.
However, there are still problems: since V to be admixed with the aforementioned alloy has an atomic weight approximately similar to that of Ti or Cr, it may be admixed at an elevated quantity without reducing its hydrogen storage capacity per unit weight of the alloy product so much, but because it is very expensive, especially a highly pure material (99.99% purity) employed for such an alloy is extremely expensive, the price of the alloy product results in a very high level, whereby alloy costs will increase for absorbing and storing an equal amount of hydrogen.
Therefore, for inexpensive alloys free of using precious V, Mo—Ti—Cr and W—Ti—Cr alloys are proposed wherein Mo or W is admixed as, like V, an element highly capable of forming BCC with both Ti and Cr. However, for these Mo and W, as suggested in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 10-121180 (JP, A, 10-121180), it has been reported as follows: BCC is neither formed in such alloys even by application of heat-treatments when at 0 at % of Mo and/or W nor obtainable as the main phase when admixed at a low level thereof whereby no good hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics will appear. Accordingly, there are also problems: when the amounts of Mo and W to be admixed increase, the hydrogen absorbing capacity per unit weight of such alloys will lower because of their large atomic weight, and in case where these hydrogen storage metal alloys are used as energy sources for automobiles, bicycles, etc. in the form of hydrogen gas storage tanks and nickel hydrogen batteries, including fuel batteries, when an attempt is made at attaining a necessary electric power and hydrogen-supplying capacity, their weights would increase.
In view of the foregoing points, the present inventors have paid much attention to the aforementioned problems and, as a result, succeeded in the present invention. An object of the present invention is to provide (1) a hydrogen storage metal alloy which is (i) producible in the aforementioned form having BCC main phases even if the level of precious V or Mo and W which each lead to a decrease in hydrogen absorbing capacity per unit weight is made null or as minimal as possible, also (ii) excellent in view of its cost and hydrogen absorbing capacity per unit weight and (iii) highly practicable and (2) a process for producing the same.
In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a novel hydrogen storage metal alloy for adsorption and desorption of hydrogen. According to the present invention, the novel hydrogen storage metal alloy has the following characteristics:
(1) it has as its main phase a body-centered cubic structure-type phase enabling the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen, and
(2) it has a composition of the following general composition formula:
Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)Mb
wherein M is vanadium (V), provided that 20≦a (at %)≦80, and 0≦b (at %)≦10.
Such characteristics lead to the following: the level of v can be brought to either not more than 10 at % or 0, thereby enabling the amount of necessary precious V to be reduced or nullified, with the result that hydrogen storage metal alloys thus obtained will become inexpensive, provided that other elements can be optionally admixed as long as their admixture does not have a great influence on the aforementioned properties of the hydrogen storage metal alloys.
It is preferred that the hydrogen storage metal alloys of the present invention are those wherein the atom % (at %) of element, V, contained in the metal alloy may be within a range of 6±2 at %.
As a result thereof, the alloys can have a higher hydrogen storage capacity per unit weight within a V level range of not more than 10 at % as aforementioned.
According to the present invention, the novel hydrogen storage metal alloy also has the following characteristics:
(1) it has as its main phase a body-centered cubic structure-type phase enabling the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen, and
(2) it has a composition of the following general composition formula:
Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)Mb
wherein M is at least a member selected from molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W), provided that 20≦a (at %)≦80, and 0≦b (at %)<5.
Such characteristics lead to the following: (1) the level of Mo or W can be brought to either less than 5 at % or 0, thereby enabling the reduction of a hydrogen storage capacity per unit weight, depending on an increase in weight of the resultant alloy, to be minimized or nullified; and (2) since the alloys contain no precious V, they can also be produced inexpensively, provided that other elements can be optionally admixed as long as their admixture does not affect greatly the aforementioned properties of the hydrogen storage metal alloys.
It is preferred that the hydrogen storage metal alloys of the present invention are those wherein the atom % (at %) of Mo and/or W, contained in the metal alloy may be within a range of 3±1.5 at %.
As a result thereof, the alloys can have a higher hydrogen storage capacity per unit weight within a Mo and/or W level range of less than 5 at % as aforementioned.
According to the present invention, the novel hydrogen storage metal alloy also has the following characteristics:
(1) it has as its main phase a body-centered cubic structure-type phase enabling the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen, and
(2) it has a composition of the following general composition formula:
Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)V(b-c)Mc
wherein M is at least a member selected from molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W), provided that 20≦a (at %)≦80, 0<b (at %)<10, and 0<c (at %)<5.
Such characteristics lead to the following: part of the content of precious V can be replaced with at least one member selected from Mo and W which are each potently capable of forming a BCC structure together with Ti and Cr in the same manner as V, thereby enabling not only the cost to be relatively low but also a decrease in hydrogen storage capacity per unit weight, brought about by the incorporation of Mo or W, to be limited to a relatively minor one, with the result that the hydrogen storage metal alloys can be produced which come to an excellent balance between the cost and the hydrogen storage capacity per unit weight and become advantageously practicable, provided that other elements can be optionally admixed as long as their admixture does not affect greatly the aforementioned properties of the hydrogen storage metal alloys.
It is preferred that the hydrogen storage metal alloys of the present invention are those wherein an element, X, having an atomic radius greater than that of Cr but smaller than that of Ti may be contained at its atom % concentration, d (at %), ranging within 0≦d (at %)≦20.
As a result thereof, the element X can be admixed the atomic radius of which is larger than that of Cr but smaller than that of Ti, thereby inhibiting the formation of a C14 (Laves phase) structure so as to extend a temperature range for forming a BCC structure phase in place of the aforementioned C14 (Laves phase) structure, with the result that the hydrogen storage metal alloys can be produced with the BCC structure phase in a stable fashion even at low levels of V, Mo and W, which each have a potent BCC structure-forming capability with both Ti and Cr.
It is preferred that the hydrogen storage metal alloys of the present invention are those wherein the element, X, may include at least one or more members selected from the group consisting of Al, Ge, Ga, Si, Au and Pt.
As a result thereof, the selected elements have an excellent capability of forming a metal alloy with Ti and Cr and therefore preferable to be employed for the aforementioned element X.
It is preferred that the hydrogen storage metal alloys of the present invention are those wherein an element, T, may be contained at its atom % concentration, e (at %), ranging within 0≦e (at %)≦10, wherein the said element T includes at least one or more members selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Mn, Fe, Al, B, C, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ln (a variety of lanthanoid metals), N, Ni, P, and Si.
As a result thereof, the element T can be admixed, thereby enabling a plateau pressure at which the resultant hydrogen storage metal alloys can absorb and release hydrogen to be appropriately controlled.
According to the present invention, a process for producing the hydrogen storage metal alloy has the following characteristics:
for the production of hydrogen storage metal alloys having as the main phase a body-centered cubic structure-type phase enabling the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen, and comprising the steps of:
(1) melting a starting alloy brought to a predetermined element ratio to form a uniform heat (melting step),
(2) keeping the homogenized alloy heat at a temperature within a range just below the melting point of the alloy for a predetermined time (heat treatment), and
(3) rapidly cooling the alloy after the heat treatment (quenching step).
Such characteristics enable the production of hydrogen storage metal alloys having as the main phase a BCC-type phase with regard to not only a Ti—Cr binary alloy, which is presumed to be hardly produced, but also an alloy wherein V, Mo and W are contained at low levels.
It is preferred that melting and solidification may be carried out repeatedly predetermined times at the aforementioned melting step in the hydrogen storage metal alloy-producing process according to the present invention.
As a result thereof, such repeated melting and solidifying treatments enable us not only to produce alloys having an improved uniformity wherein a Bcc-type structure phase is formed at a higher rate but also to prevent the occurrence of a spinodal decomposing composition as much as possible.
It is preferred that the predetermined time range at the aforementioned heat treatment is from 1 minute to 100 hours in the hydrogen storage metal alloy-producing process according to the present invention.
When a time range for the heat treatment step is 1 minute or less, it is impossible to form sufficiently a BCC-type structure and when 100 hours or more, treating costs increase due to heating for a long time. As a result thereof, the inventive time range leads to the excellent formation of the BCC structure with minimizing an increase in the treating cost.
It is preferred that the element ratios are those described in any of claims 1 to 8 regarding the aforementioned hydrogen storage metal alloy products obtained by the hydrogen storage metal alloy-producing process according to the present invention.
As a result thereof, alloys wherein the main phase is a BCC-type structure can be produced in a stable fashion from each alloy having a highly practicable composition according to any of claims 1 to 8.
Described below are bases of the selected compositions for hydrogen storage metal alloys according to the present invention.
Although the addition of V to such Ti—Cr binary alloys is effective in facilitating the formation of their BCC type structure as aforementioned, an excessive admixture of V leads to a decrease in their hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics as shown in
Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)Vb
will be within a range of 0≦b (at %)≦10. Further, the addition of substituent element T to such alloys having the fundamental formula:
Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)Vb
is effective in adjusting the plateau pressure wherein T is at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Mn, Fe, Al, B, C, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ln (a variety of lanthanoid metals), N, Ni, P, and Si, and an amount of substituents is 0≦c (at %)≦10.
Although Mo and W elements each have a great BCC structure-forming property to Ti—Cr binary alloys and the admixture of Mo or W with the Ti—Cr binary alloy is effective in facilitating the formation of the BCC structure, an excessive admixture of Mo and/or W will lead to an increase in density for hydrogen storage metal alloy products because such Mo and W are heavy elements with a relatively large atomic weight. As seen in
Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)Mb
wherein a is 20≦a (at %)≦80, b is 0≦b (at %)<5 and M is at least one element selected from Mo and W, is derived. The admixture of substituent element T with the resultant metal alloys is also effective in adjusting the plateau pressure in the same fashion as aforementioned, provided that T is at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb Ta, Mn, Fe, Al, B, C, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ln (various lanthanoid metals), N, Ni, P and Si, and an amount of substituents is 0≦c (at %)≦10.
Further, although element V has an atomic weight approximately equivalent to that of Ti or Cr and is precious, even a large quantity of its substituent leads to a less increase in molecular weight for alloy products whereby there is an advantage that an amount of occluded hydrogen per unit weight will not be reduced much. In contrast, since Mo and W each have a great BCC structure-forming property to Ti—Cr binary alloys, the admixture of Mo and/or W with the Ti—Cr binary alloy is effective in facilitating the formation of BCC in alloy products. However, an excessive admixture of Mo and W will lead to a decrease in hydrogen adsorption and storage characteristics because of heavy elements each having a large atomic weight. Hence, to make better use of both the advantages, a novel composition is invented wherein part of precious V is replaced with Mo and/or W, i.e., an alloy composition of the following fundamental formula:
Ti(100-a-0.4b)Cr(a-0.6b)V(b-c)Mc
wherein 20≦a (at %)≦80, 0≦b (at %)≦10, 0≦c (at %)<5, and M is at least one element selected from Mo and W, is greatly practicable in view of its cost and its occluded hydrogen quantity as well as its BCC structure-forming capability. As before, the admixture of substituent element T with such a composition is also effective in adjusting the plateau pressure wherein T is at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Mn, Fe, Al, B, C, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Ln (various lanthanoid metals), N, Ni, P and Si.
Alloys having a low level of these elements and Mo or W are hardly formed in the structure of BCC as pointed out in the prior art. As apparent from the phase diagram of a Ti—Cr binary alloy (
As seen in the aforementioned phase diagram (
Now, by developing such ideas, when an element having an atomic radius smaller than that of the A site but larger than that of the B site is admixed therewith for substitution, not only the penetration of the substituent element into the A site can inhibit the formation of Laves phase but also that into B site can it similarly.
Hence, it has been thought that there is a possibility of enabling a BCC formation in alloy products similarly to the above V case as well as the Mo or W case and therefore element X (its atomic radius is smaller than that at the A site (Ti) but larger than that at the B site (Cr)) can be admixed with the alloy to expand a temperature range eligible for forming BCC whereby a hydrogen storage metal alloy may be produced with a BCC structure in a more stable fashion.
The element X, the atomic radius of which is smaller than that at the A site (Ti) but larger than that at the B site (Cr), includes, for example, at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al (0.143 nm), Si (0.132 nm), Ga (0.141 nm), Ge (0.137 nm), Au (0.146 nm) and Pt (0.139 nm) in view of Ti atomic radius with 0.147 nm and Cr with 0.130 nm.
VxTi37.5Cr62.5-x.
VxTi37.5Cr62.5-x.
Ti40Cr57.5M2.5(M═Mo, W).
Ti37.5Cr6.00V2.5 and Ti37.5Cr60Mo1.25V1.25.
VxTi37.5Cr62.5-x.
Described below are the hydrogen storage metal alloys of the present invention and processes of the production of the said metal alloys in detail, relying on experiments conducted by the present inventors.
First,
In this process of the production of hydrogen storage metal alloys, each constituent element for a desired hydrogen storage metal alloy (for example, each of Ti, Cr and V in case of producing Ti37.5Cr60V2.5) was weighed at an amount corresponding to each composition ratio so as to bring the total weight of a resultant ingot to 12.5 g.
Each individual metal thus weighed was thrown into an arc melting plant (not depicted), subjected to repeated treatments (melting-stirring ← → solidification) predetermined times (which may vary depending on the number of constituent elements in experiments but be usually approximately 4 to 5 times) in an argon atmosphere of about 40 kPa with scrupulous care to elevate a uniformity and the resultant homogenized ingot was then maintained at a temperature region just lower than the melting point of its melt for a predetermined time to accomplish the heat treatment.
Since a temperature region at which BCC forms are produced is present at an area just below the melting temperature owned by an alloy having a target composition as shown in the above
When a heat-treating time is too short, it will be impossible to accomplish the formation of sufficient BCC structure phases while when it is too long treating, costs will rise dependently on heating for a long period. Although it is therefore preferred that the heat treatment can be conducted for a period suitably selected on the basis of a selected heat-treating temperature, it may be carried out preferably for a period of from 1 min to 100 hours, more preferably from 10 min to 24 hours, in the embodiment, from 1 to 2 hours.
In the Examples, alloys per se were subjected to the aforementioned heat treatment after melting ingots without making any shapes. Since such a process does not require that cooled alloys are re-heated but enables us to produce efficiently alloy products having a BCC structure phase, it is preferable but the present invention is not limited to. For example, it may be preferred that molten alloys are shaped once by methods such as strip casting, mono roll casting and atomizing methods to afford plates, ribbons or powders, then cooled and the resultant alloys each having either the BCC phase + the Laves phase or the Laves phase alone are subjected to the aforementioned heat treatment so as to form the BCC structure phase as the main phase.
Among these alloys, alloys (ingots) heat treated to an extent that the BCC structure phase takes place as the main phase are rapidly cooled by dipping into ice water to give alloy products in the form of holding the above BCC structure phase.
Although the aforementioned rapid cooling has been carried out by dipping into ice water, the present invention is not limited to and any can be arbitrarily selected for these cooling methods. However, since the volume ratio of BCC structural phase varies depending on cooling rates and a slow cooling rate leads to a decrease in BCC structural phase volume ratio, it is desired that the alloy is rapidly cooled preferably at a cooling rate of more than 100 K/sec.
Although the alloys of the present invention have a composition apt to induce a spinodal decomposition readily, it is defined that they are acceptable to the extent there is an unavoidable formation because spinodal decomposing tissues cause deterioration of alloy's hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics.
Hereinbelow not only it has been examined and ascertained whether or not the BCC structural phase is produced as the main phase by the aforementioned production processes for each composition but also experimental results are shown which support bases of the above selected compositions.
An X-ray diffraction pattern of an alloy product obtained by heat-treating VxTi37.5Cr62.5-x alloy at 1400° C. for 1 hour is shown in
The fact that each alloy as shown in
This is that the admixture of V with the Ti—Cr binary alloy derives an increase in BCC structural phase volume ratio, whereby an amount of occluded hydrogen increases over that attained by the Ti—Cr binary alloy. Thus, it has been found that V is an element greatly apt to produce a BCC form and effective for bringing advantageous hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics owned by the BCC phase into the Ti—Cr binary alloys. The hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics affected by amounts of admixed V in connection with these Ti—Cr—V alloys were examined. The results are shown in
The results as shown in
Next, the aforementioned production process has been applied to Ti—Cr—Mo (W) system hydrogen storage metal alloys which have been associated with the aforementioned problems, for example, when Mo and W which are each a heavy element having a high capability of forming BCC against Ti—Cr alloys but a large atomic weight, are admixed in large quantities, the alloy products hardly exert sufficient properties, etc. Each level of Mo and W therein has been examined. The results are described hereinbelow.
An x-ray diffraction pattern each of as heat-treated alloys Ti40Cr57.5Mo2.5 and Ti40Cr57.5W2.5 is shown in
Further, hydrogen adsorption and desorption Characteristics of as heat-treated alloy Ti40Cr57.5Mo2.5 are shown in
From these results, it has been found that Mo can be admixed even at a smaller amount than V so as to produce almost the BCC mono phase. Thus, it is noted that, as compared to the foregoing Ti—Cr—V alloys, an amount of additives can be reduced whereby a good property has been achieved.
Hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics of as heat-treated alloy Ti40Cr57.5W2.5 are also shown in
The hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics which an amount each of additives, Mo and W, affects for such heat-treated Ti—Cr—Mo and Ti—Cr—W alloys are shown in
Hence, these elements Mo and W are preferably admixed therewith at a micro amount so as to increase occupied volume ratios of the BCC phase occurred in such Ti—Cr binary alloys. It is found that Mo and W, as compared for their capability of forming BCC in Ti—Cr alloys, have each a tendency to enable the BCC-occupied volume ratio to increase even upon their admixture at a smaller amount than V's. It is also found that amounts per unit weight of occluded hydrogen therein come to decrease when they are admixed at an excessive amount.
Although each of Mo and W is admixed alone in order to clarify the efficacy of individual admixed elements in the foregoing embodiments, the present invention is not limited to. It is preferred that one of two elements Mo and W may be admixed therewith in combination with the other. For amounts of the admixed elements in this instance, it is preferable that a total amount of admixed elements Mo and W may be less than 5 at %.
As aforementioned, V has an atomic weight approximately equivalent to that of Ti or Cr. Although V is precious, molecular weights of alloy products are changed (increased) little even when an amount of substituents increases. Therefore, there are advantages that amounts of occluded hydrogen do not reduce very much. Accordingly, in order to produce BCC mono phase alloys with a high capacity by melting a large amount of alloys followed by rapidly cooling and, if necessary, heat-treatments, it is forecasted that V may be effectively admixed therein in combination with at least one member selected from the aforementioned Mo, W, etc. Thus, for the aforementioned Ti—Cr—V alloys wherein a low level of V is contained, which have been conventionally presumed to be hardly produced in a BCC phase form, efficacies are examined and proved in case where a replacement with Mo partially takes place.
An X-ray diffraction pattern each of as heat-treated Ti37.5Cr60V2.5 and Ti37.5Cr60Mo1.25V1.25 alloys is shown in
It has been proved that, as aforementioned, by using the above production process characterized in the heat-treatment of the present invention the BCC phase is produced as the main phase at an area (wherein an amount each of additives V, Mo, W, etc. is extremely slight) approximately close to the Ti—Cr binary alloy which is conventionally presumed to produce no BCC phase in the prior art and the resultant alloys exert excellent hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics. Accordingly, it has been found that there is a possibility of acquiring excellent hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics with regard to Ti—Cr binary alloys, i.e., alloys free of additives such as V, Mo and W but formed from only Ti—Cr, wherein it has been presumed in the prior art that the BCC would be hardly formed as the main phase and accordingly no good hydrogen absorption and release would be achieved. Next, occurred phases and hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics are examined for such Ti—Cr binary alloys.
An X-ray diffraction pattern each of as prepared by melting (as cast) and as heat-treated at 1673 K (kept at 1400° C. for 1 hr followed by water-cooling) Ti40Cr60 is shown in
It is apparent from the X-ray diffraction patterns as shown in
From these experimental Ti—Cr alloy results (see:
Relying on an expansion of these ideas, the following will be expected: when a replacement with an element having an atomic radius smaller than the A site but greater than the B site takes place, even the intrusion of the substituent elements into A sites will lead to the inhibition of the Laves phase formation and that into B sites will as well. That is, it is forecasted that there are elements facilitating the formation of BCC. It is expected that a substitution with an element (including, for example, Al (0.143 nm), Ga (0.141 nm), Ge (0.137 nm) and Pt (0.139 nm), etc.) having an atomic radius greater than Cr (0.130 nm) but smaller than Ti (0.147 nm) will facilitate the formation of the BCC phase.
Thus, there has been no report that the Ti—Cr binary alloy was subjected to the formation of a BCC mono phase or the facilitation of a BCC phase formation. This is one of bases supporting the novelty of the present invention. The hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics of as heat-treated alloy Ti42.5Cr57.5 are shown in
In connection with the fact that BCC phases occur in ternary system alloys such as Ti—Cr—V and Ti—Cr—M (M═Mo or W) alloys, which have been disclosed in JP, A, 10-121180, JP, A, 10-158755 and JP, A, 11-106859, the following has been experimentally proved: Ti—Cr—V alloys and Ti—Cr—Mo (W) or Ti—Cr—(V or Mo) alloys according to the present invention are produced in the form of a BCC mono phase or in a BCC main phase form at an extremely micro amount of V, Mo, W, etc. to be admixed (i.e., at a range very close to the Ti—Cr binary alloy), thereby exerting excellent hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics. This is attributed to the fact that the BCC phase of such Ti—Cr binary alloys exerts its excellent hydrogen adsorption and desorption characteristics.
An X-ray diffraction pattern each of as heat-treated alloys Ti40Cr60 and Ti40Cr37.5Al2.5 is shown in
The reason why alloys each having such an alloy composition (such ingredients) can be readily designed is that they are based on Ti—Cr binary BCC alloys in accordance with the present invention, unlike the prior art. It is reported in Japanese Patent Application No. 11-86866 (or 86866/1999) that hydrogen can efficiently be utilized via applications of a difference in temperature, characterized in that body-centered cubic structure hydrogen storage metal alloys each having a two-stage plateau or inclined plateau are subjected to an occlusion of hydrogen at a low temperature followed by an elevation of an alloy working temperature for at least a period of hydrogen release process. In case where the differential temperature method is applied to the aforementioned alloy
VxTi37.5Cr62.5-x
its hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics are shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11-359899 | Dec 1999 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10959216 | Oct 2004 | US |
| Child | 11426262 | Jun 2006 | US |
