Patent Application
20250178897
The present invention relates to a hydrogen sulfide purification method, a lithium sulfide production method, a hydrogen sulfide purification apparatus, and a lithium sulfide production apparatus.
Lithium sulfide (Li2S) is used as, for example, a solid electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery. As a lithium sulfide production method, for example, a production method of reacting lithium hydroxide or the like as a lithium raw material with hydrogen sulfide in a disk dryer (for example, see Patent Literature 1) is known.
A sulfurization reaction between the lithium raw material and a hydrogen sulfide gas can be represented by the following formulae (1) to (3), for example.
2LiOH+H2S→Li2S+2H2O (1)
Li2CO3+H2S→Li2S+H2O+CO2 (2)
Li2O+H2S→Li2S+H2O (3)
Further, for sulfur recovery in which hydrogen sulfide is recovered as elemental sulfur, the Claus process is well known. In the Claus process, the hydrogen sulfide is partially combusted with air in a reaction furnace to generate a mixed gas containing 1 volume of sulfur dioxide per 2 volumes of hydrogen sulfide, the mixed gas is passed through a catalyst bed filled with a catalyst such as natural bauxite, activated alumina, or titanium dioxide to generate vaporous elemental sulfur, and the vaporous sulfur is recovered as molten sulfur by a cooling operation.
A reaction in the reaction furnace and the catalyst bed can be represented by the following formulae (i) and (ii).
Reaction furnace:3H2S+3/2O2→2H2S+SO2+H2O (i)
Catalyst bed:2H2S+SO2→3S+2H2O (ii)
However, in the sulfurization reaction represented by the formulae (1) to (3), when unreacted H2S remaining without being involved in the sulfurization reaction is subjected to sulfur recovery by the Claus process, there is a problem that a Claus catalyst contributing to the reaction represented by the formula (ii) is poisoned.
As a result of studies by the present inventors, it has been found that the poisoning of the Claus catalyst is caused by the lithium raw material contained in the unreacted H2S. For example, in the technique disclosed in Patent Literature 1, a particle diameter of the lithium raw material is adjusted to 0.1 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency and the like, but such finely powdered particles are easily diffused into the unreacted H2S in a disk dryer, and as a result, a finely powdered lithium raw material is mixed into the unreacted H2S.
Further, when the finely powdered lithium raw material and moisture coexist, there is another problem that a metal pipe or the like is corroded.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen sulfide purification method that can prevent poisoning of a Claus catalyst and preventing corrosion of a metal pipe during sulfur recovery using unreacted hydrogen sulfide which is generated in a process of producing lithium sulfide by a reaction of hydrogen sulfide and a lithium raw material.
The present invention is as follows.
(1) A hydrogen sulfide purification method including removing a lithium raw material by using an ejector that utilizes a cleaning liquid as a driving fluid, from a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material which is generated in a process of producing lithium sulfide by a reaction of hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material.
An aspect of the present invention also provides a hydrogen sulfide purification method and a lithium sulfide production method described in the following (2) to (8).
(2) The hydrogen sulfide purification method according to (1), in which the cleaning liquid contains hydrogen sulfide.
(3) The hydrogen sulfide purification method according to (1) or (2), in which the cleaning liquid contains calcium chloride.
(4) The hydrogen sulfide purification method according to any one of (1) to (3), in which the cleaning liquid has a pH of 4 to 9.
(5) The hydrogen sulfide purification method according to any one of (2) to (4), in which moisture in the mixed gas from which the lithium raw material has been removed is 10 mass % or less.
(6) The hydrogen sulfide purification method according to (1), in which an amine solution is brought into contact with the mixed gas, hydrogen sulfide in the mixed gas is absorbed into the amine solution, and the hydrogen sulfide is released from the amine solution into which the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed.
(7) A lithium sulfide production method including reacting hydrogen sulfide containing the hydrogen sulfide obtained by the hydrogen sulfide purification method according to any one of (1) to (6) with a lithium raw material to produce lithium sulfide.
(8) A lithium sulfide production method including reacting a lithium raw material including the lithium raw material purified by the hydrogen sulfide purification method according to any one of (1) to (6) with hydrogen sulfide to produce lithium sulfide.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the lithium raw material is removed from the mixed gas containing the unreacted hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material during sulfur recovery using the unreacted hydrogen sulfide which is generated in a process of producing lithium sulfide by the reaction of the hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a hydrogen sulfide purification method capable of preventing poisoning of a Claus catalyst and preventing corrosion of a metal pipe.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail.
A hydrogen sulfide purification method according to an aspect of the present invention includes removing a lithium raw material using an ejector that utilizes a cleaning liquid as a driving fluid, from a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material which is generated in a process of producing lithium sulfide by a reaction of hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material.
A hydrogen sulfide purification apparatus for carrying out the hydrogen sulfide purification method according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a lithium sulfide generation unit configured to generate lithium sulfide by reacting hydrogen sulfide with a lithium raw material; a mixed gas recovery unit configured to recover a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material in the lithium sulfide generation unit; and a hydrogen sulfide purification unit configured to purify the hydrogen sulfide by removing the lithium raw material from the mixed gas using an ejector that utilizes a cleaning liquid as a driving fluid.
As described above, a sulfurization reaction of the lithium raw material and a hydrogen sulfide gas is used for production of lithium sulfide, and the sulfurization reaction can be represented by the following formulae (1) to (3), for example. In the following formula (1), LiOH is described as the lithium raw material, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
2LiOH+H2S→Li2S+2H2O (1)
Li2CO3+H2S→Li2S+H2O+CO2 (2)
Li2O+H2S→Li2S+H2O (3)
Here, in the mixed gas containing the unreacted hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material according to the present invention, the unreacted hydrogen sulfide means unreacted hydrogen sulfide which remains without being involved in the sulfurization reaction represented by the formulae (1) to (3). The lithium raw material means lithium sulfide (Li2S) and other lithium compounds generated in the process of producing lithium sulfide.
Next, the process of producing lithium sulfide by the reaction of the hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material (a lithium sulfide producing process), and a lithium sulfide generation unit that generates lithium sulfide by a reaction of the hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material will be described. The lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit are known, and are disclosed, for example, in JP2017-222567 A (Patent Literature 1) and JP2016-150859 A.
Specifically, in the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit, the lithium raw material is continuously or discontinuously supplied into a heated reaction tank, and the lithium raw material is moved in a certain direction in the reaction tank. Further, in the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit, the hydrogen sulfide gas is continuously or discontinuously supplied into the reaction tank and the lithium raw material is reacted with the hydrogen sulfide gas to continuously or discontinuously produce lithium sulfide.
Hydrogen sulfide generally reacts with the lithium raw material as a hydrogen sulfide gas to generate lithium sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide gas may be a gas containing only hydrogen sulfide, or may be a gas containing hydrogen sulfide as a main component and other gas components. Here, the main component means a component having the largest content in the gas, and is, for example, 50 vol % or more. In an aspect of the present invention, in order to prevent rapid occurrence of the sulfurization reaction, for example, an inert gas may be mixed with the hydrogen sulfide gas to lower a partial pressure of the hydrogen sulfide.
From this viewpoint, a concentration of the hydrogen sulfide gas is preferably 10 vol % to 100 vol %. The concentration of the hydrogen sulfide gas of 100 vol % means a gas containing only the hydrogen sulfide gas, that is, a pure gas. The case where the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide gas is less than 100 vol % means a mixed gas of the hydrogen sulfide gas and an inert gas such as Ar or nitrogen or a reducing gas such as hydrogen.
From the viewpoint of appropriately maintaining a gas flow rate in the reaction tank while maintaining reactivity with the lithium raw material, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide gas is preferably 10 vol % to 100 vol %, more preferably 20 vol % or more or 90 vol % or less, and particularly preferably 30 vol % or more or 80 vol % or less.
The lithium raw material is a raw material serving as a lithium source of lithium sulfide, and examples thereof include lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, and lithium oxide. Among these, the lithium hydroxide is preferable from the viewpoint of causing a sulfurization reaction at a low temperature and having excellent stability.
When the lithium raw material and the hydrogen sulfide gas supplied into the reaction tank are brought into contact with each other, a sulfurization reaction represented by the formulae (1) to (3) occurs, and lithium sulfide (Li2S) as a main product and water (H2O) as a by-product are generated.
When the lithium raw material is brought into contact with the hydrogen sulfide gas in a sufficiently heated state, the reaction further proceeds.
At this time, the lithium raw material is preferably heated to a temperature range in which the lithium raw material does not melt.
The reaction tank is a facility that provides a space in which the lithium raw material and the hydrogen sulfide gas react, and the shape and size thereof are not limited. An outer shape of the reaction tank is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a cylindrical shape, or a polygonal columnar shape and is not limited. The reaction tank may include a stirrer that promotes the reaction of the lithium raw material and the hydrogen sulfide gas.
In the lithium sulfide producing process, it is preferable to heat an inside of the reaction tank, particularly a portion with which the lithium sulfide is in contact during movement, thereby heating the lithium raw material moving in the reaction tank. The lithium raw material in a sufficiently heated state is brought into contact with the hydrogen sulfide gas to promote the sulfurization reaction.
Regarding heating the reaction tank 11, as shown in
By heating in this manner, as shown in
At this time, from the viewpoint of promoting the sulfurization reaction, the temperature of the inner wall surface of the reaction tank 11 in the intermediate region 13 is preferably 200° C. to 450° C., and particularly preferably 300° C. or higher and 450° C. or lower.
Since the temperature of the inner wall surface of the reaction tank 11 in the intermediate region 13 can be considered to be substantially the same as a temperature of the lithium raw material 12, the sulfurization reaction can be sufficiently promoted when the temperature of the inner wall surface of the reaction tank 11 in the intermediate region 13 is 200° C. to 450° C.
(Supply of Lithium Raw Material into Reaction Tank and Movement)
In the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit, as shown in
The direction in which the lithium raw material 12 is moved in the reaction tank 11 is not limited, for example, a horizontal direction, a vertical direction, a rotation direction, a rotation axis direction, a length direction of the reaction tank 11, and the like. For example, as shown in
(Supply of Hydrogen Sulfide Gas into Reaction Tank and Movement)
In the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit in the form shown in
In the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit, as shown in
In the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit, a movement direction of the hydrogen sulfide 15 may be the same as the movement direction of the lithium raw material 12.
At this time, a flow rate of the hydrogen sulfide 15 in the reaction tank 11 is not limited.
Furthermore, in the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit, as shown in
In the positional relationship in the movement direction of the lithium raw material 12, a supply position of the hydrogen sulfide 15 may be provided in the heating region (upstream) or the intermediate region 13.
In the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit, as shown in
The exhausted unreacted hydrogen sulfide gas can be recovered as elemental sulfur by the Claus process. However, as described above, the exhausted unreacted hydrogen sulfide gas contains a finely powdered lithium raw material, and thus there are problems that the lithium raw material poisons the Claus catalyst and corrodes a metal pipe and the like when the lithium raw material exists together with moisture.
Therefore, an aspect of the present invention includes a process and an apparatus for recovering a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and a lithium raw material and removing the lithium raw material to purify hydrogen sulfide. Specific methods and means will be described below.
As shown in
When the lithium sulfide (Li2S) is recovered and stored in the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18, a temperature of an inner wall surface of the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18 is preferably heated to 100° C. or higher.
The water as a reaction by-product is condensed in the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18, and the lithium sulfide as a reaction product reacts with the condensed water to generate lithium hydroxide, which may reduce the purity of the lithium sulfide. On the other hand, if the inner wall surface of the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18 is heated as described above, the moisture in the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18 can be gasified so that the moisture no longer exists as water (liquid). Furthermore, the moisture in the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18 can be volatilized, and thus it is possible to prevent the recovered lithium sulfide from aggregating or adhering to the inner wall surface of the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18.
Furthermore, an inert gas may be supplied into the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18. Accordingly, the moisture can be discharged to the outside of the lithium sulfide recovery tank 18 together with the inert gas.
Next, the process and the apparatus for recovering a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and a lithium raw material and removing the lithium raw material to purify hydrogen sulfide according to an aspect of the present invention will be described.
In
In
Next, an operation will be described.
A mixed gas 101 containing the unreacted hydrogen sulfide gas and the lithium raw material exhausted by the lithium sulfide producing process and the lithium sulfide generation unit described in
Since the mixed gas 101 contains moisture, a temperature of the mixed gas is preferably adjusted to 100° C. to 220° C., and more preferably adjusted to 140° C. to 180° C. By setting the temperature of the mixed gas to 100° C. or higher, condensation of moisture in the wet purification tower 10 can be prevented, and by setting the temperature of the mixed gas to 220° C. or lower, the cost of components of the wet purification tower 10 can be reduced.
In the wet purification tower 10, in the ejector 104, the mixed gas 101 is suctioned using the cleaning liquid 108 as a driving fluid, the cleaning liquid 108 is brought into contact with the mixed gas 101, and the lithium raw material is removed from the mixed gas 101.
In
In the ejector 104, the cleaning liquid 108 is used as a driving fluid. That is, the cleaning liquid is introduced as a driving fluid (introduced) 103a, sprayed as a driving fluid (sprayed) 103b, and discharged as a driving fluid (discharged) 103c. At this time, a negative pressure is generated, and the mixed gas 101 is suctioned from the mixed gas introduction port 102. By using the negative pressure, a risk of leakage of the mixed gas to an outside is reduced.
The mixed gas 101 is mixed with the driving fluid (discharged) 103c and discharged. The cleaning liquid 108 is stored in a bottom of the wet purification tower 10, pumped up by a pump 110, and reaches the ejector 104 through a first cleaning liquid pipe 112. The cleaning liquid 108 is accommodated in the cleaning liquid tank 105 provided outside the wet purification tower 10, is pumped up by a pump 106, and reaches the bottom of the wet purification tower 10 through a second cleaning liquid pipe 107. A pH of the cleaning liquid 108 at the bottom of the wet purification tower 10 is controlled by a pH meter 109.
The cleaning liquid 108 is not particularly limited as long as the cleaning liquid can remove the lithium raw material. Here, “removal” may be removal by dissolving the lithium raw material, or may be removal by dropping the lithium raw material with the cleaning liquid, and the former is preferable.
Examples of the cleaning liquid 108 include a fluid containing hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen sulfide-containing water, and a hydrogen sulfide-containing organic solvent.
When the hydrogen sulfide-containing water is used, it is preferably a hydrogen sulfide saturated aqueous solution. By adjusting a pH of the hydrogen sulfide saturated aqueous solution to 9 or less, preferably 4 to 9, and more preferably 4 to 7, an amount of hydrogen sulfide used can be reduced, and the lithium raw material can be effectively dissolved and removed, which is preferable.
Calcium chloride can also be added to the cleaning liquid 108. According to this embodiment, the moisture in the purified hydrogen sulfide gas can be reduced.
A concentration of the calcium chloride in the cleaning liquid 108 is preferably 5 mass % to 40 mass %, and more preferably 15 mass % to 40 mass %.
By adding the calcium chloride to the cleaning liquid 108, the moisture in the hydrogen sulfide gas can be reduced to, for example, 6% or less.
Subsequently, the mixed gas from which the lithium raw material has been removed may pass through the demister 114 to capture the moisture in the hydrogen sulfide gas. As the demister 114, a known demister can be used, and the demister is not particularly limited. For example, examples thereof include a member in which a three-dimensional mesh structure made of a metal wire, a resin, a glass fiber, or the like is laminated for several layers to form a mat shape in order to increase a contact surface with a fluid while maintaining a small pressure loss.
The hydrogen sulfide gas passing through the demister 114, that is, a purified hydrogen sulfide gas 118 is accommodated in a purified hydrogen sulfide gas accommodation unit (not shown) provided outside the wet purification tower 10 via the gas exhaust port 116. A moisture concentration of the purified hydrogen sulfide gas 118 is preferably 10 mass % or less, and more preferably 8 mass % or less.
Further, the dissolved and removed lithium raw material (reference numeral 122) is accommodated in the lithium raw material tank 120 through a valve 124 and a pipe 126.
The purified hydrogen sulfide gas and the recovered lithium raw material can be supplied to the lithium sulfide generation unit as shown in
Therefore, according to another aspect of the present invention, provided is a lithium sulfide production apparatus including: a lithium sulfide generation unit configured to generate lithium sulfide by reacting hydrogen sulfide with a lithium raw material; a mixed gas recovery unit configured to recover a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and a lithium raw material in the lithium sulfide generation unit; a hydrogen sulfide purification unit configured to purify hydrogen sulfide by removing the lithium raw material from the mixed gas; and a hydrogen sulfide supply unit configured to supply the hydrogen sulfide obtained by the hydrogen sulfide purification unit to the lithium sulfide generation unit.
Alternatively, the present invention provides a lithium sulfide production apparatus including: a lithium sulfide generation unit configured to generate lithium sulfide by reacting hydrogen sulfide with a lithium raw material; a mixed gas recovery unit configured to recover a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and a lithium raw material in the lithium sulfide generation unit; a hydrogen sulfide purification unit configured to purify hydrogen sulfide by removing the lithium raw material from the mixed gas; and a lithium raw material supply unit configured to supply the lithium raw material recovered by the hydrogen sulfide purification unit to the lithium sulfide generation unit.
In
Hereinafter, the present invention is described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Example 1 is a working example.
Lithium sulfide was produced using the apparatus shown in
Lithium hydroxide having an average particle diameter of 200 μm was used as a lithium raw material, and a temperature of an inner wall surface of a reaction tank (a rotary kiln) in an intermediate region was set to 300° C.
The lithium raw material was continuously supplied into the reaction tank, and a hydrogen sulfide gas was continuously supplied into the reaction tank at downstream of the lithium raw material while the lithium raw material was moved from upstream to downstream in the reaction tank. In the reaction tank, a reaction of the hydrogen sulfide gas and the lithium raw material was promoted by stirring (with stirring blades).
In the above process, a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen sulfide and the lithium raw material was generated, and was recovered in the wet purification tower 10 as shown in
A temperature at which mixed gas 101 was introduced into the wet purification tower 10 was 160° C.
A hydrogen sulfide saturated aqueous solution having a pH of 4.5 was used as the cleaning liquid 108.
The mixed gas 101 introduced into the wet purification tower 10 was sprayed with the cleaning liquid 108 by the ejector 104.
Subsequently, the mixed gas from which the lithium raw material had been removed passed through the demister 114, and moisture in the hydrogen sulfide gas was captured to obtain purified hydrogen sulfide gas 118. The gas 118 was accommodated in a purified hydrogen sulfide gas accommodation unit (not shown) provided outside the wet purification tower 10 via the gas exhaust port 116. A moisture concentration of the purified hydrogen sulfide gas 118 was 8 mass %, and the concentration of the lithium compound was less than 1 μg/Nm3.
After the completion of the above process, each of the pipes provided in the wet purification tower 10 was examined, and adhesion of the lithium compound was not confirmed.
When sulfur was recovered from the purified hydrogen sulfide gas 118 by the Claus process, the sulfur generation efficiency did not change, and poisoning to the catalyst was not confirmed.
Although various embodiments have been described above with reference to the drawings, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious for a person skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made within the range described in the scope of claims and it is understood that such modifications and variations naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. Further, the components described in the above embodiment may be combined in any manner without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The present application is based on a Japanese Patent Application (No. 2022-128252) filed on Aug. 10, 2022, contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-128252 | Aug 2022 | JP | national |
This is a bypass continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2023/028571 filed on Aug. 4, 2023, and claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-128252 filed on Aug. 10, 2022, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2023/028571 | Aug 2023 | WO |
| Child | 19043581 | US |
