Patent Application
20250050332
Pathological and chemical contamination is a problem for all industries. With an increase in understanding of global pandemics, public awareness of the presence of pathogens or harmful chemicals in, on, or around the body of mammals have become grave concerns. There is also more public awareness of beneficial microbes in the body and environment. There also exists a need for high throughput, efficient in vitro diagnostic systems that can provide users with information pertaining to qualitative and quantitative data for a variety of pathogens or chemical contaminants in a single test sample. There further exists a need for such systems that are adapted to reduce or eliminate bubbles that may form in and adhere to components of an interferometric systems.
A hydrophilic coating composition for bubble reduction or elimination is provided. The hydrophilic coating composition is particularly suited for bubble removal, reduction or elimination in or on one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component. The hydrophilic coating composition is also particularly suited for preventing bubble adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to a surface of an interferometric system component. Such interferometric components may be hydrophobic in nature or material such as, for example, silicone.
According to one aspect, a hydrophilic coating composition is provided that includes one or more hydrophilic compounds and at least one carrier. One or more bubbles are removed, reduced, eliminated or prevented from adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component when the hydrophilic coating composition is introduced to the internal surfaces of an interferometric system. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition prevents bubbles present in the target sample or target sample composition from adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to an internal surface of an interferometric system component. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds such as surface active polymers. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds such as those provided in Table 1, herein. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds including, but not limited to, acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, or polyacrylic amides. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition is applied to or otherwise coated on one or more components of an interferometric system. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition is applied to or otherwise coated on one or more components of a microfluidic system in an interferometric system. According to one embodiment, the microfluidic system is included in a single or multi-use cartridge of an interferometric system. According to one embodiment, the interferometric system is a portable optical interferometric system.
According to one aspect, a portable interferometric system for detection, authentication and/or quantification of at least one analyte within a test sample is provided. The portable interferometric system includes an optical assembly unit, the optical assembly unit comprising a light unit and a detector unit each adapted to fit within a portable housing unit; and a cartridge system adapted to be inserted in the housing and removed after one or more uses, the cartridge system comprising a microfluidic system, an interferometric chip and a flow cell wafer. The interferometric chip includes one or more waveguide channels having a sensing layer composition thereon, the sensing layer composition adapted to bind or otherwise be selectively disturbed by at least one analyte. One or more components of the portable interferometric system include a hydrophilic coating composition. According to one embodiment, one or more components of the microfluidic system include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds such as surface active polymers. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds such as those provided in Table 1 herein. According to a particular embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds such as acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides.
According to one aspect, a method of detecting and quantifying the level of analyte in a target or test sample with a waveguide interferometer is provided. The method includes the steps of:
One or more aspects and embodiments may be incorporated in a different embodiment although not specifically described. That is, all aspects and embodiments can be combined in any way or combination. When referring to the compounds disclosed herein, the following terms have the following meanings unless indicated otherwise. The following definitions are meant to clarify, but not limit, the terms defined. If a particular term used herein is not specifically defined, such term should not be considered indefinite. Rather, terms are used within their accepted meanings.
As used herein, the term “portable” refers to the capability of the interferometric systems described herein to be transported or otherwise carried to a target sample location for use according the methods provided herein.
As used herein, the term “analyte” refers to a substance that is detected, identified, measured or any combination thereof by the systems provided herein. The analyte includes any solid, liquid, or gas affecting an environment of interest or that is targeted.
As used herein, the terms “sample” and “target sample” all refer to any substance that may be subject to the methods and systems provided herein. Particularly, these terms refer to any matter (animate or inanimate) where an analyte may be present and capable of being detected, quantified, monitored or a combination thereof in a batch or continuous manner. Suitable examples of targets include, but are not limited to, any animate or inanimate substance, water or water source (e.g., drinking water source), production animal, bodily fluids (e.g., blood, breast milk, cord blood, saliva, or amniotic fluid), agricultural sites, food, ambient air, or soil. Targets also include pathogens, DNA, RNA, proteins, whole organisms, air, surfaces, fluids, and mixtures thereof in or from manufacturing or processing facilities and laboratories. The target also encompasses exhaled breath.
As used herein, the term “pathogen,” “pathological, “pathological contaminant” and “pathological organism” refer to any toxin (e.g., algal toxin), chemical, bacterium, virus or other microorganism (fungi, protozoa, etc.) that can cause disease for a member of the plant or animal kingdom in an agricultural environment.
As used herein, the term “point of use” refers to the applicability of the systems provided herein to be utilized by a user at or in a particular environment (e.g., on site).
“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
As used herein, the term “adhesion” refers to the force of attraction between bubbles and a surface of an interferometric system component.
As used herein, the term “adherence” refers to the act of bubbles sticking to a surface of an interferometric system component.
As used herein, the term “buffer” refers to a carrier that is mixed with the target sample that includes at least one analyte. The buffer may also include one or more anti-foam compounds.
As used herein, the term “test sample composition” refers to target sample and, optionally, at least one buffer.
As used herein, the term “communication” refers to the movement of air, liquid, mist, fog, buffer, test sample composition, or other suitable source capable of carrying an analyte throughout or within the cartridge system. The term “communication” may also refer to the movement of electronic signals between components both internal and external to the cartridge systems described herein.
As used herein, the term “single-use” refers to the cartridge system being utilized in an interferometric system for a single test or assay before disposal (i.e., not re-used or used for a second time).
As used herein, the term “multiple-use” refers to the cartridge system being utilized for more than one test sample composition (e.g., assay) before disposal.
As used herein, the term “multiplex” refers to the cartridge system being utilized to detect multiple analytes from one target sample composition.
As used herein, the term “polymer” refers to molecules of repeating structural units (monomers) which are covalently bound together in a chain. Polymers may be synthetic, natural, organic or inorganic. As used herein, the terms “hydrophilic compound” and “hydrophilic substance” may be used interchangeably and refer to materials or substances having two or more difference elements chemically bonded that show solubility in and strong affinity for water. These terms refer to entire classes of compounds such as, for example, acids, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetates, glycols, polymers and carboxymethylcellulose compounds. The terms also include surface active compounds such as soaps and lipids which affect the surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid. Specific examples of hydrophilic compounds that may be included in the hydrophilic coating compositions provided herein are provided in Table 1, below.
Other specific examples of hydrophilic compounds include acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides.
The sensing layer compositions provided herein may be utilized in various interferometric systems. According to a particular embodiment, such systems include a detector that operates via ultrasensitive, optical waveguide interferometry. The waveguiding and the interferometry techniques are combined to detect, monitor and even measure small changes that occur in an optical beam along a propagation pathway. These changes can result from changes in the length of the beam's path, a change in the wavelength of the light, a change in the refractive index of the media the beam is traveling through, or any combination of these, as shown in Equation 1.
According to Equation 1, q is the phase change, which is directly proportional to the path length, L, and refractive index, n, and inversely proportional to the wavelength (A) change. According to the systems and methods provided herein, the change in refractive index is used. Optical waveguides are utilized as efficient sensors for detection of refractive index change by probing near the surface region of the sample with an evanescent field. Particularly, the systems provided herein can detect small changes in an interference pattern.
According to one embodiment, the waveguide and interferometer act independently or in tandem to focus an interferometric diffraction pattern. According to one embodiment, the waveguide, interferometer, and sensor act independently or two parts in tandem, or collectively to focus an interferometric pattern with or without mirrors or other reflective or focal median. According to one embodiment, the waveguide and interferometer exhibit a coupling angle such that focus is at an optimum angle to allow the system to be compact and suited to be portable and hand-held.
The interferometric systems as provided herein are mobile (hand-held) and portable for ease of use in various environments. The interferometric systems include a weight and overall dimensions such that user may hold the entire interferometric system comfortably in one hand. According to one embodiment, the entire interferometric system is under three pounds. Thus, the present disclosure provides a lightweight, handheld and easy-to-use interferometric system that can rapidly, precisely, and accurately provide detection and quantification of analytes in a variety of environments.
The systems as provided herein provide a high throughput modular design. The systems as provided herein may provide both qualitative and quantitative results from one or more analytes. Particularly, the systems as provided herein may simultaneously provide detection and quantification of one or more analytes from a target sample. According to one embodiment, both qualitative and quantitative results are provided in real-time or near real time.
The interferometric systems provided herein generally include a housing for various detection, analysis and display components. The interferometric system housing includes a rugged, stable, shell or case. The interferometric system housing can withstand hazards of use and cleaning or disinfection procedures of the case surface. The interferometric system housing may be manufactured from a polymer via various techniques such as injection molding or 3D printing. The interferometric system housing may be manufactured to include a coloration that provides the interferometric system housing with a particular color or color scheme.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric systems provided herein include components that are sealed, waterproof or water resistant to the outside environment to minimize opportunities for contamination of a target sample. The overall arrangement of components within the interferometric systems minimize harboring of contamination in any hard-to-reach areas allowing for ease of disinfection.
The interferometric systems provided herein include a cartridge system. The cartridge systems provided herein integrate with one or more independent or integrated optical waveguide interferometers. The cartridge systems provide efficient sample composition communication through a microfluidic system mounted on or within the cartridge housing. The cartridge is suitable for one or more analytes to be detected in a single sample in a concurrent, simultaneous, sequential or parallel manner. The cartridge systems provided herein may be utilized to analyze in a multiplex manner. That is, one test sample will be tested to determine the presence of multiple analytes at the same time by utilizing a plurality of waveguide channels that interact with the test sample.
The cartridge systems provided herein are easily removable and disposable allowing for overall quick and efficient use without the risk of cross-contamination from a previous target sample. The cartridge may be safely disposed of after a single use. Disposal after a single use may reduce or eliminate user exposure to hazards. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system includes materials that are biodegradable, or recycled materials, to reduce environmental impact. The cartridge system may be cleaned and re-used or otherwise recycled after a single use.
The cartridge system as provided herein may be suited for multiple or one-time use. The single-use cartridge system may be manufactured in a manner such that a buffer solution is pre-loaded in the microfluidic system. By providing the buffer solution pre-loaded in the single-use cartridge system, gas bubbles are reduced or otherwise eliminated. By providing the buffer solution pre-loaded in the single-use cartridge system, gas bubbles may be prevented from adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to any surface in any type of interferometric cartridge system. After a single use, the entire cartridge system is safely discarded or recycled for later use after cleaning. Put another way, after introduction and detection of a test sample, the entire single-use cartridge system is not used again and, instead, discarded.
The cartridge systems as provided herein may be suited for multiple uses. According to such an embodiment, the cartridge system may be used one or more times prior to the cartridge system being safely discarded or recycled. The cartridge system may also be cleaned and re-used or otherwise recycled after multiple uses. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system facilitates cleaning and re-tooling to allow the cartridge system to be replenished and returned to operation.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric systems provided herein provide both qualitative and quantitative results at or under 60 minutes after sample introduction to the system. According to one embodiment, both qualitative and quantitative results are provided at or under 30 minutes. According to one embodiment, both qualitative and quantitative results are provided at or under 10 minutes. According to one embodiment, both qualitative and quantitative results are provided at or under 5 minutes. According to one embodiment, both qualitative and quantitative results are provided at or under 2 minutes. According to one embodiment, both qualitative and quantitative results are provided at or under 1 minute.
The interferometric systems as provided herein may be powered via alternating current or direct current. The direct current may be provided by a battery such as, for example, one or more lithium or alkaline batteries. The alternating or direct current may be provided by alternative energy sources such as wind or solar.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric system is stabilized to address vibrational distortions. The system may be stabilized by various means including mechanical, chemically (fluid float or gel pack), computer-assisted system (electronically), or digitally (e.g., via a camera). In some implementations, the systems provided herein allow for point of use assays that are stable in various conditions, including ambient temperature and humidity as well as extreme heat, cold and humidity.
The interferometric systems as provided herein may be equipped with one or more software packages loaded within. The software may be electronically connected to the various system components as provided herein. The software may also be electronically integrated with a display for viewing by a user. The display may be any variety of display types such as, for example, a LED-backlit LCD. The system may further include a video display unit, such as a liquid crystal display (“LCD”), an organic light emitting diode (“OLED”), a flat panel display, a solid state display, or a cathode ray tube (“CRT”).
According to one embodiment, the interferometric system as provided herein may interface with or otherwise communicate with a transmission component. The transmission component may be in electronic signal communication with both the cartridge system and interferometric system components. The transmission component sends or transmits a signal regarding analyte detection data and quantification data. The transmission of such data may include real-time transmission via any of a number of known communication channels, including packet data networks and in any of a number of forms, including instant message, notifications, emails or texts. Such real-time transmission may be sent to a remote destination via a wireless signal. The wireless signal may travel via access to the Internet via a surrounding Wi-Fi network. The wireless signal may also communicate with a remote destination via Bluetooth or other radio frequency transmission. The remote destination may be a smart phone, pad, computer, cloud device, or server. The server may store any data for further analysis and later retrieval. The server may analyze any incoming data using artificial intelligence learning algorithms or specialized pathological, physical, or quantum mechanical expertise programed into the server and transmit a signal.
According to one embodiment, the transmission component may include a wireless data link to a phone line. Alternatively, a wireless data link to a building Local Area Network may be used. The system may also be linked to Telephone Base Unit (TBU) which is designed to physically connect to a phone jack and to provide 900 MHz wireless communications thereby allowing the system to communicate at any time the phone line is available.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric system may include a location means. Such a location means includes one or more geolocation device that records and transmits information regarding location. The location means may be in communication with a server, either from a GPS sensor included in the system or a GPS software function capable of generating the location of the system in cooperation with a cellular or other communication network in communication with the system. According to a particular embodiment, the location means such as a geolocation device (such as GPS) may be utilized from within its own device or from a mobile phone or similarly collocated device or network to determine the physical location of the cartridge system.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric system contains a geo-location capability that is activated when a sample is analyzed to “geo-stamp” the sample results for archival purposes. According to one embodiment, the interferometric system contains a time and date capability that is activated when a sample is analyzed to time stamp the sample results for archival purposes.
The interferometric systems provided herein may interface with software that can process the signals hitting the detector unit. The cartridge system as provided herein may include a storage means for storing data. The storage means is located on or within the cartridge housing or within the interferometric system housing. The storage means communicates directly with electronic components of the interferometric system. The storage means is readable by the interferometric system. Data may be stored as a visible code or an index number for later retrieval by a centralized database allowing for updates to the data to be delivered after the manufacture of the cartridge system. The storage means may include memory configured to store data provided herein.
The data retained in the storage means may relate to a variety items useful in the function of the interferometric system. According to a particular embodiment, the data may provide the overall interferometric system or cartridge system status such as whether the cartridge system was previously used or is entirely new or un-used. According to a particular embodiment, the data may provide a cartridge system or interferometric system identification. Such an identification may include any series of letter, numbers, or a combination thereof. Such identification may be readable through a quick response (QR) code. The identification may be alternatively memorialized on a sticker located on the cartridge housing or interferometric system housing. According to one embodiment, the cartridge housing contains a bar code or QR code. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains a bar code or QR code for calibration or alignment. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains a bar code or QR code for identification of the cartridge or test assay to be performed. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains a bar code or QR code for identification of the owner and location of where any data generated should be transmitted. A user may scan such a QR code with the interferometric system's external camera prior to use to use of the system such that identification and transmission may occur (e.g., automatically or upon user direction).
According to a particular embodiment, the data retained in the storage means may provide the number of uses remaining for a multiple-use cartridge system. According to a particular embodiment, the data may provide calibration data required by interferometric system to process any raw data into interpretable results. According to a particular embodiment, such data may relate to information about the analyte and any special processing instructions that can be utilized by the cartridge system to customize the procedure for the specific combination of receptive surface(s) and analyte(s). The interferometric system as provided herein may include electronic memory to store data via a code or an index number for later retrieval by a centralized database allowing for updates to the data to be delivered after the manufacture of the cartridge system.
The interferometric system may include a memory component such that operating instructions for the interferometric system may be stored. All data may be stored or archived for later retrieval or downloading onto a workstation, pad, smartphone or other device. According to one embodiment, any data obtained from the system provided herein may be submitted wirelessly to a remote server. The interferometric system may include logic stored in local memory to interpret the raw data and findings directly, or the system may communicate over a network with a remotely located server to transfer the raw data or findings and request interpretation by logic located at the server. The interferometric system may be configured to translate information into electrical signals or data in a predetermined format and to transmit the electrical signals or data over a wireless (e.g., Bluetooth) or wired connection within the system or to a separate mobile device. The interferometric system may perform some or all of any data adjustment necessary, for example adjustments to the sensed information based on analyte type or age, or may simply pass the data on for transmission to a separate device for display or further processing.
The interferometric systems provided herein may include a processor, such as a central processing unit (“CPU”), a graphics processing unit (“GPU”), or both. Moreover, the system can include a main memory and a static memory that can communicate with each other via a bus. Additionally, the system may include one or more input devices, such as a keyboard, touchpad, tactile button pad, scanner, digital camera or audio input device, and a cursor control device such as a mouse. The system can include a signal generation device, such as a speaker or remote control, and a network interface device.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric system may include color indication means to provide a visible color change to identify a particular analyte. According to one embodiment, the system may include a reference component that provides secondary confirmation that the system is working properly. Such secondary confirmation may include a visual confirmation or analyte reference that is detected and measured by the detector.
The interferometric system as provided herein may also include a transmitting component. The transmitting component may be in electronic signal communication with the detector component. The transmitting component sends or transmits a signal regarding analyte detection and quantification data. The transmission of such data may include real-time transmission via any of a number of known communication channels, including packet data networks and in any of a number of forms, including text messages, email, and so forth. Such real-time transmission may be sent to a remote destination via a wireless signal. The wireless signal may travel via access to the Internet via a surrounding Wi-Fi network. The wireless signal may also communicate with a remote destination via Bluetooth or other radio frequency transmission. The remote destination may be a smart phone, pad, computer, cloud device, or server. The server may store any data for further analysis and later retrieval. The server may analyze any incoming data using artificial intelligence learning algorithms or specialized pathological, physical, or quantum mechanical expertise programed into the server and transmit a signal.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric system includes a wireless data link to a phone line. Alternatively, a wireless data link to a building Local Area Network may be used. The system may also be linked to Telephone Base Unit (TBU) which is designed to physically connect to a phone jack and to provide 900 MHz wireless communications thereby allowing the system to communicate at any time the phone line is available.
According to one embodiment, the system may also include geolocation information in its communications with the server, either from a GPS sensor included in the system or a GPS software function capable of generating the location of the system in cooperation with a cellular or other communication network in communication with the system. According to a particular embodiment, the system may include a geolocation device (such as GPS or RFID) either from within its own device or from a mobile phone or similarly collocated device or network to determine the physical location of the system.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric system includes an external camera. The external camera may be at least partially located within the interferometric system housing but include a lens exposed to the exterior of the housing such that the external camera may take photos and video of a target sample prior to collection (e.g., soil, plant, etc.). The external camera may capture video or images that aid in the identification of an analyte and confirmation of the resulting data. The external camera may also capture video images that aid in selecting a proper remedial measure. The external camera may capture video or images that aid in the identification of a target sample or source thereof.
The external camera may capture video or images in connection with scanning and identifying a QR code (such as a QR code on an external surface of a cartridge housing). When located on an external surface of the cartridge housing, the QR code may also aid in identifying ownership of generated data and transmission of such data to a correct owner.
According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains a geo-location capability that is activated when a sample is analyzed to “geo-stamp” the sample results for archival purposes. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains a time and date capability that is activated when a sample is analyzed to time stamp the sample results for archival purposes. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system includes materials that are biodegradable, or recycled materials, to reduce environmental impact. Any used cartridge system provided herein may be disposed of in any acceptable manner such as via a standard biohazard container. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system facilitates cleaning and re-tooling to allow the cartridge system to be replenished and returned to operation.
According to one embodiment, the cartridge system is stabilized to address vibrational distortions. The system may be stabilized by various stabilization means including mechanical (alignment means as provided herein), chemically (fluid float or gel pack), computer-assisted system (electronically), or digitally (e.g., via a camera or digital processing).
The single-use cartridge system provided herein includes a microfluidic system for communicating or otherwise providing a means for test sample and buffer to mix thereby resulting in a test sample. The microfluidic system causes the test sample move through the detection region to allow for detection and analysis of one or more analytes. The microfluidic system may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more component surfaces therein. The microfluidic system includes an injection port for introduction of a test sample. The injection port may optionally include a check valve. The microfluidic system further includes a first microchannel section having a first end attached in communication with the injection port check valve and a second end in communication with a mixing bladder. According to one embodiment, the first microchannel section contains a filter to remove materials not capable of detection and quantification. The first microchannel may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more surfaces therein. The mixing bladder is sized, shaped and otherwise configured to store buffer. The mixing bladder is sized, shaped and otherwise configured to aid in mixing buffer and test sample to form the test sample. The mixing bladder may be bypassed such that the test sample may be automatically discharged or allowed to proceed through the microfluidic system. The mixing bladder may include a temperature control means in the form of a metal coil wrapped around the mixing bladder such that the temperature control means is heated upon introduction of an electric current. The mixing bladder may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more surfaces therein.
The microfluidic system further includes second microchannel section having a first end attached in communication with the mixing bladder and a second end attached in communication with a flow cell having at least one detection microchannel. By including multiple two or more detection microchannels, the cartridge system is particularly suited for high throughput and improved testing efficiency by being able to detect and quantify analyte in more than one test sample.
The microfluidic system further includes at least one pump. Suitable pumps include micropumps such as, but are not limited to, diaphragm, piezoelectric, peristaltic, valveless, capillary, chemically-powered, or light-powered micropumps. According to an alternative embodiment, the microfluidic system further includes at least one pump that is a, positive-displacement pump, impulse pump, velocity pump, gravity pump, steam pump, or valve-less pump of any appropriate size. According to a single-use embodiment of the cartridge system, the cartridge system contains at least one pump located within the cartridge housing. The pump may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more surfaces therein. According to one embodiment of a single-use cartridge system, the pump overlays or otherwise engages or touches the first microchannel section, second microchannel section and mixing bladder.
The microfluidic system of the single-use cartridge system as provided herein may be manufactured and packaged under negative pressure or vacuum sealed. In this manner, the negative pressure allows for a test sample to be pulled in and become self-loading upon introduction of the test sample. The negative pressure further allows for a test sample to be pulled in in the microfluidic system to reduce, avoid or eliminate bubble formation upon introduction of the test sample. According to an alternative embodiment, the microfluidic system is manufactured and packaged under a positive pressure. According to either embodiment, the microfluidic system of a single-use cartridge system may be pre-loaded with a buffer solution at the time of manufacture. The buffer may be custom designed or designated for a particular analyte detection. Buffer solution that is used (i.e., buffer waste) and resulting test sample composition waste may be contained permanently in the single-use cartridge system, recycled, or otherwise disposed of.
According to one embodiment, the pump can be powered by a battery or electricity transferred from the testing device. Alternatively, the energy to power the pump can be mechanically transferred by direct force, electromagnetic induction, magnetic attraction, audio waves, or piezo electric transfer. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system includes at least one pulse dampening component such as a regulator or accumulator or bladder.
The multiple-use cartridge system provided herein includes a microfluidic system for communicating or otherwise providing a means for a test sample to move through the cartridge system and allow for detection and analysis of one or more analytes. According to a particular embodiment, the test sample and test sample are air or liquid. An ingress port is located on a front surface of the multiple-use cartridge system. The ingress port is in communication with a first microchannel section having a first end attached in communication with an ingress port check valve and a second end in communication with second microchannel section. A filter may be located anywhere within the first microchannel section.
The second microchannel section includes a first end in communication the first microchannel section and a second end in communication with a flow cell having at least one detection microchannel. The second microchannel may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more surfaces therein. The cartridge system includes a detection region that accommodates or is otherwise adapted to receive the chip and flow cell wafer.
The detection microchannel is in communication with a first end of a third microchannel section. The third microchannel section includes a flow electrode to approximate flow rate and is correlated with measured impedance. The third microchannel section includes a second end in communication with the first end of a fourth microchannel. The third microchannel may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more surfaces therein. The fourth microchannel includes a second end in communication with a check valve which, in turn, is in communication with an egress port. The fourth microchannel may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more surfaces therein. The chip utilized in the multiple-use embodiment may be removable from the cartridge system.
The microfluidic system further includes at least one pump. Suitable pumps include micropumps that include, but are not limited to, diaphragm, piezoelectric, peristaltic, valveless, capillary, chemically-powered, or light-powered micropumps. The pump may include a hydrophilic coating composition as provided herein applied to one or more surfaces therein.
According to an alternative embodiment, the microfluidic system further includes at least one pump that is a positive-displacement pump, impulse pump, velocity pump, gravity pump, steam pump, or valve-less pump of any appropriate size. According to one multiple-use embodiment of the cartridge system, the cartridge system contains at least one pump located outside (external to) the cartridge housing but in communication with the microfluidic system. The external pump may be utilized to move test sample through the microfluidic system to aid in removal of air or bubble that may be present in a liquid test sample prior to use. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains at least one pump dampening device.
All of the cartridge systems provided herein may utilize the pump to manipulate the communication of test sample throughout the microfluidic system. According to one embodiment, the pump causes or otherwise aids movement of test sample through the microchannels as well as the mixing bladder, when present.
Interferometric detection methods rely on small changes in the light to measure small changes or precise properties of materials. Bubbles within an interferometric detection system can cause problems with accuracy and quality of measurement. Particularly, the presence of bubbles may cause a change in the refractive properties of the sample. Any change to the refractive index can distort interference patterns generated by the interferometer. An uncontrolled change in refraction can cause inconsistent or unreliable results, signal attenuation, or calibration issues. Thus, minimization, reduction, or elimination of bubbles in target sample compositions or any other liquid passing through an interferometric system is preferred to avoid the aforementioned issues, which affect data precision, accuracy, and quality. Further, surfaces found in the interferometric systems described herein typically have surfaces with a surface energy and wetting property that lends itself to bubble adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof thereby causing the aforementioned technical issues.
According to one embodiment, one or more surfaces of the components of the interferometric systems described herein may be coated with a hydrophilic coating composition described herein. According to one embodiment, one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component are hydrophobic in nature or include hydrophobic material. Such hydrophobic internal surfaces of the interferometric system may cause adhesion or adherence of bubbles to the internal surface. The bubbles may be present in any liquid passing through or past the internal surface such as a target sample or test sample composition. According to one embodiment, one or more internal surfaces of the microfluidic system of a single or multi-use cartridge may include the hydrophilic coating composition.
According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition aids in bubble reduction or bubble elimination which may result from movement of any liquid through the microfluidic system components such as a target sample, test sample composition, buffer, or other liquid such as an aqueous liquid. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition aids in prevention of bubble adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof or a combination thereof to any surface in the interferometric system components. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition prevents bubbles present in the target sample or target sample composition from adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to an internal surface of an interferometric system component. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition controls adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition controls surface wetting, surface hydrophobicity, surface energy, van der Waals Forces, electrostatic forces, surface roughness, surface tension, or other physical attribute of the surface thereby preventing bubbles present in the target sample or target sample composition from adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to a surface of an interferometric system component.
According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition prevents bubble adherence or adhesion to one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component. According to such an embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic compounds and at least one carrier (or one or more). In use, one or more bubbles are prevented from adherence or adhesion to one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component by the hydrophilic coating composition when the hydrophilic coating composition is introduced to on one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component. By preventing bubble adherence or adhesion to one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component, any bubbles that may be present in any liquid passing through or past the internal surface such as a target sample or test sample composition will pass through without one or more bubbles sticking, adhering or acting through adhesion on the internal surface.
According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition may be applied or otherwise introduced to one or more surfaces of the components of the interferometric systems described herein. The step of application or introduction may include soaking the components in one or more hydrophilic coating compositions. The step of application or introduction may include spraying the components with one or more hydrophilic coating compositions. The step of application or introduction may include plasma treatment, plasma polymerization, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), dip coating, spray coating, spin coating, or slot-die coating.
According to one embodiment, the one or more surfaces of the components of the interferometric systems described herein may be plasma cleaned prior to application of the hydrophilic coating composition. According to one embodiment, the step of application or introduction of one or more hydrophilic coating compositions may occur prior to assembly of the interferometric system. According to one embodiment, the step of application or introduction may occur after assembly of the interferometric system by flowing the hydrophilic coating composition through the components of the interferometric systems described herein.
According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic polymers such as acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, or polyacrylic amides. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more hydrophilic polymers such as those in Table 1 provided herein.
According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes one or more carriers. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition includes at least one carrier. According to one embodiment, the at least one carrier includes water, a polar solvent (other than water), or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the water may be distilled or deionized. According to one embodiment, the polar solvent includes any liquid that has a dipole moment and is able to interact with, suspend or dissolve hydrophilic compounds. According to one embodiment, the polar solvent may be an alcohol. Specific examples of polar solvents include, but are not limited to, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, formamide, glycerol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, diethyl ether, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Dimethylformamide (DMF), acetic acid, ethylene glycol, pyridine, diethyl glycol, benzonitrile, cyclohexanone, 2-propanol, chloroform, toluene, dioxane, and dichloromethane. According to one embodiment, the carrier includes water and an alcohol. According to one embodiment, the carrier includes water and ethanol.
According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition provided herein may be optically clear. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition provided herein may be biocompatible. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition provided herein does not interfere with light transmission or any signal transmission present in an interferometric system. According to one embodiment, the hydrophilic coating composition provided herein provides long-term stability on one or more surfaces of the interferometric system, including hydrophobic surfaces.
According to one embodiment, the interferometric systems provided herein include a bubble trap system. The bubble trap system may include a gas permeable material that is not liquid-permeable. The vent bubble trap may be fabricated from a material that repels liquid while allowing air or vapor to pass through such as, for example, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (commercially available as Gore-Tex®). Other examples include polyester membranes, fabric, permeable polyurethane films, and other suitable alternatives commercially available as eVent®, HyVent®, SympaTex®, and Dermizax®. The bubble trap allows for air purging from the system but will not allow fluid to pass through such as when a vacuum is applied to prime the microfluidic system. In this way, bubble formation in a liquid test sample and/or interior surface of an interferometric system component is prevented, removed, eliminated, reduced or, alternatively, if such bubbles are formed, the bubbles pass through without adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to a surface.
As previously noted, the cartridge systems provided herein further includes a detection region. This detection region accommodates or is otherwise adapted to receive an interferometric chip and flow cell wafer. The flow cell wafer includes at least one detection microchannel. The flow cell wafer is located directly above the chip. The detection microchannel may be etched onto a flow cell wafer having a substantially transparent or clear panel or window. The detection microchannel aligns with each waveguide channel in the chip.
In use, a light signal may be emitted from a light unit located in the interferometric system. The light enters flow through entry gradients in the chip and through one or more waveguide channels. According to a particular embodiment, there may be two or more waveguides channels to determine the presence of a separate analyte that each of the individual waveguides channels alone would not have been able to identify alone. The evanescent field is created when the light illuminates the waveguide channel. The light signal is then directed by exit gradients to a detector unit such as a camera unit. The detector unit is configured to receive the light signal and detect an analyte present in a test sample. The chip may further include a reference waveguide channel.
Each of the cartridge systems described herein include a flow cell having at least one detection microchannel adapted to communicate with one or more test samples flowing through a waveguide channel in a chip beneath the flow cell. According to one embodiment, the cartridge systems may include at least two, at least three, or at least four detection microchannels with each detection microchannel adapted to communicate one or more test samples allowing detection of the same or different analytes.
Each detection microchannel is located on or within a flow cell manufactured from a wafer. The at least one detection microchannel may be etched, molded or otherwise engraved into one side of the flow cell wafer. Thus, the at least one detection microchannel may be shaped as a concave path as a result of the etching or molding within the flow cell wafer.
The flow cell wafer is oriented above the chip during use such that the detection microchannel may be orientated or otherwise laid out in variety of flow patterns above the waveguide channels. The detection microchannel may be laid out, for example, in a simple half loop flow pattern, serial flow pattern, or in a serpentine flow pattern. The serpentine flow pattern is particularly suited for embodiments where there are multiple waveguide channels that are arranged in a parallel arrangement. By utilizing the serpentine flow pattern, the test composition flows consistently over the waveguide channels without varying flow dynamics.
A bottom view of an exemplary flow cell 300 is illustrated in
The movement of an light signal 308 (series of arrows) through an optical waveguide chip 310 is illustrated in
According to a particular embodiment, the two or more waveguides channels 316 are utilized that are able to determine the presence of an analyte that each of the individual waveguides channels 316 alone would not have been able to identify alone. The light signal 308 is then directed by exit gradients 318 to a detector unit 320 such as a camera unit. The detector unit 320 is configured to receive the light signal 308 and detect any analyte present in a target sample composition flowing through the detection microchannel 302 (see
The chip 310 includes a combination of substrate 202 (see
The light signal passes through each waveguide channel as illustrated in
A complimentary communication means 424 extends downward so as to make electronic contact with electronic communications means located on the cartridge housing (see
At least one downward cantilever bias spring 426 may be located within the optical assembly unit 400 such that, upon insertion of the cartridge through the interferometric system housing opening, the downward cantilever bias spring 426 pushes against a top side of the cartridge housing thereby forcing the cartridge housing against an opposite side or bottom portion or surface 428 of the cartridge recess 430 resulting in proper alignment along a vertical plane (see
The light unit 402 is optionally adjustable along various planes for optimal light signal 432 emission. As illustrated, the signal 432 is shown to be emitted and focused by at least one lens 433. A camera unit 406 is situated at an angle relative to the shutter flap element 420 so as to receive the light signal 432 upon exit from the cartridge (see
A first roll adjustment screw 434 and second roll adjustment screw 436 are located on opposing sides of the light unit 402 for adjusting roll of the light unit 402. A first upward adjustment screw 438 and second upward adjustment screw 440 are located in a parallel manner on each side the light unit 402 for adjusting the light unit 402 towards the cartridge system (i.e., substantially upward). An angle of incidence screw 442 is located against the light unit 402 to allow for adjustments to the angle of incidence for proper coupling angle. A translation screw 444 is located direct communication with the light unit 402 to adjust translation in the X axis. A spring element 446 maintains the position of the light unit 402 against the light unite 402 by assisting the adjustment screws (434, 440), incidence screw 442 and translation screw 444.
With specific regard to
The cartridge systems provided herein includes a cartridge housing. The cartridge housing may be manufactured from any polymer suitable for single or multiple-use. The cartridge may be manufactured according to a variety of additive processing techniques such as 3-D printing. The cartridge may be manufactured via traditional techniques such as injection molding. The polymer may include a coefficient of expansion such that the housing does not expand or contract in a manner that would disrupt alignment of any microfluidic or detection components described herein when the cartridge is exposed to heat or cold environmental conditions.
The cartridge housing may include a light prevention means to aid in reducing, preventing or eliminating ambient, outside light from interfering the detection of one or more analytes. The light prevention means may include colored cartridge housing (e.g., black colored) that is color dyed or coated during manufacture. According to one embodiment, a dye may be introduced to the polymer to provide a specific color to a region of or the entire cartridge housing. Suitable colors include any color that aids in reducing, preventing or eliminating ambient, outside light from interfering the detection of one or more analytes.
The cartridge systems provided herein further includes a detection region. This detection region accommodates or is otherwise adapted to receive an interferometric chip and flow cell wafer. The flow cell wafer includes at least one detection microchannel. The flow cell wafer is located directly above the chip. The detection microchannel may be etched onto a flow cell wafer having a substantially transparent or clear panel or window. The flow cell wafer, the chip or both the flow cell and chip may be coated with a substance that reduces or eliminates fogging or condensation. According to one embodiment, the chip may be heated to reduce or elimination fogging or condensation.
The cartridge systems provided herein are configured or otherwise adapted or designed to easily insert and instantly align within an interferometric system such as, for example, a hand-held interferometric system. By being configured to allow for instant alignment, no further adjustment is required by a user to align any microfluidic components and any internal detection-related components such as the laser, chip with waveguides and exposed channels in a detection region of the cartridge, optical detector and any other focus-related components in the interferometric system.
The cartridge housing includes dimensions that are complimentary in size and shape to the size and shape to an internal surface defining a recess within an interferometric system. As provided and illustrated in the non-limiting examples herein, the cartridge housing may be generally rectangular in overall shape.
According to one embodiment, the cartridge system may be inserted and removed automatically. According to one embodiment, the cartridge housing contains a bar code or QR code. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains a bar code or QR code for calibration or alignment.
To aid in alignment, the cartridge housing includes an alignment means on an external surface of the cartridge housing. The alignment means many take a variety of forms that assure instant alignment of any microfluidic components and any internal detection-related components upon insertion of the cartridge within the interferometric system. The alignment means also aids in the prevention of incorrect orientation assertion within the interferometric system and allows for insertion only after proper alignment is attained. The alignment means further allows for the cartridge system to be stabilized to address vibrational distortions.
The alignment means may include at least one male key portion for engaging and securing within a corresponding female rail located in the interferometric system. The male key portion may be disposed on the bottom surface of the cartridge housing, however, the male key portion may be located on any exterior surface of the cartridge housing. Other suitable alignment means include one or more microswitches or sensing devices that guide the cartridge housing to assure proper alignment.
According to a particular embodiment, the cartridge housing includes a top portion and a bottom portion based on the orientation of insertion in an interferometric system. The top portion may include a top surface defining at least one through hole on at least one external surface of either the top portion or bottom portion. The at least one through hole is adapted to receive a removable fastening means for securing the top portion and bottom portion together. Suitable fastening means include screws or other suitable fastener that may be removed. By allowing the top portion and bottom portion of the cartridge housing to be separated and re-attached, a user may open the cartridge housing to allow for cleaning as well as replacement of the chip.
The cartridge system as provided herein may include a temperature control means to control temperature as well as humidity. The cartridge system as provided herein may include a temperature control means to control test sample temperature. By controlling temperature and humidity around the cartridge system, the interferometric system can provide more repeatable, precise results. According to one embodiment, the cartridge system contains heating capability to facilitate consistent measurement and operation in cold temperatures. By controlling temperature and humidity around the cartridge system, fogging or condensation that causes interference in the detection region of the cartridge system is reduced or otherwise eliminated. The temperature control means may be located on or within the cartridge housing. According to a single-use cartridge system embodiment, the temperature control means is located on or around the mixing bladder of the microfluidic fluid system described herein. The temperature control means may be located on an exterior surface of the cartridge housing. One suitable temperature control means includes a metal coil that is heated upon introduction of an electric current. Another suitable temperature control means includes one or more warming bands or Peltier devices that can provide heating or cooling.
Each of the cartridge systems described herein include a flow cell having at least one detection microchannel adapted to communicate with one or more test samples flowing through a waveguide channel in a chip beneath the flow cell. According to one embodiment, the cartridge systems may include at least two detection microchannels with each detection microchannel adapted to communicate one or more test samples allowing detection of the same or different analytes. According to one embodiment, cartridge system includes a flow cell having at least three detection microchannels with each detection microchannel adapted to communicate one or more test samples allowing detection of the same or different analytes. According to one embodiment, cartridge system includes a flow cell having at least four detection microchannels with each detection microchannel adapted to communicate one or more test samples allowing detection of the same or different analytes.
An exemplary embodiment of a single-use cartridge system 800 is illustrated in
The cartridge housing 802 further includes an electronic communication means 816 located on a second external surface 818 that is on a different horizontal plane from the top surface 805. The electronic communication means 816 as illustrated includes a plurality of metal contacts.
The cartridge system further includes a vent port 820. The vent port 820 allows for any air in the microfluidic system 870 (see
The chip 832 is substantially transparent and allows the light signal to enter, interact with one or more waveguides channels (See
The bottom surface 823 further defines a light inlet slot 836. The light inlet slot 836 allows for an light signal to enter the cartridge system 800. Particularly, the light inlet slot 836 allows for an light signal to enter the chip 832 and for the light signal to move through any waveguide channels (not shown; see e.g., part 316 of
The microfluidic system 870 further includes second microchannel section 882 having a first end 884 attached in communication with the mixing bladder 880 and a second end 886 attached in communication with a flow cell wafer 888 having at least one detection microchannel 834.
The microfluidic system 870 further includes third microchannel section 890 having a first end 892 attached in communication with at least one detection microchannel 834 and a second end 894 in communication back to the mixing bladder 880 so as to form a closed loop.
The microfluidic system 870 further includes at least one micropump 898. The micropump 898, as illustrated, is a piezoelectric pump that overlays or otherwise engages or touches one or more of the first microchannel section 874, second microchannel section 882, third microchannel section 890 and mixing bladder 880. The micropump 898 manipulates the communication of test sample throughout the microfluidic system 870.
The single-use cartridge system 800 may further include a transmission component 897 as provided herein. The single-use cartridge system 800 may further include a location means 899 as provided herein.
An exemplary embodiment of a multiple-use cartridge system 900 is illustrated in
A top view of an embodiment of a multi-use cartridge system 900 is provided in
The cartridge housing 902 further includes an electronic communication means 916 located on a second external surface 918 that is on a different horizontal plane from the top surface 905. The electronic communication means 916 as illustrated includes a plurality of metal contacts. The top surface 905 also includes two port seals 919 and two seal plugs (924, 926).
The bottom surface further includes bottom through holes 908C that align and correspond to the four top through holes 908A. The bottom through holes 908C may be adapted (e.g., threaded) to receive a removable fastening means (not shown) for securing the top portion 904 to a bottom portion 910 (see
The bottom surface 923 further defines a light inlet slot 934. The light inlet slot 934 allows for an light signal to enter the cartridge system 900. Particularly, the light inlet slot 934 allows for an light signal to enter the chip 936 and for the light signal to move through any waveguides in the chip 936 while interacting with analytes in the at least one detection microchannel 994 (see
A valve test structure connection 984 is in communication with any test sample in the microfluidic system 970. The valve test structure connection 984 may be fabricated from nitinol shape memory alloy and aids in the movement of test sample into the cartridge system 900.
The second microchannel section 979 includes a first end 988 in communication the first microchannel section 974 and a second end 990 in communication with a flow cell 992 having at least one detection microchannel 994. The cartridge system 900 includes a detection region 993 that accommodates or is otherwise adapted to receive the chip 936 and flow cell 992. The chip 936 is substantially transparent and allows the light signal to enter, interact with one or more waveguides channels (not shown; see e.g., part 316 of
The detection microchannel 994 is in communication with a first end 996 of a third microchannel section 998. The third microchannel section 998 includes a flow electrode 1000 to approximate flow rate and is correlated with measured impedance. The third microchannel section 998 includes a second end 1002 in communication with the first end 1004 of a fourth microchannel 1006. The fourth microchannel 1006 includes a second end 1008 in communication with a check valve 1010 which, in turn, is in communication with an egress port 1012 (see also
The multiple-use cartridge system 900 may further include a transmission component 1014 as provided herein. The multiple-use cartridge system 900 may further include a location means 1016 as provided herein.
An exemplary embodiment of an alternative single-use cartridge system 1100 is illustrated in
By being mobile and utilized near the point where one or more analyte needs to be measured, a user may receive results in an efficient manner and any care or remedial measure decisions may be implemented immediately. The interferometric systems provided herein provide a major technical advancement to detect, quantify and even track various chemical, biological compounds, and pathogens in agriculture, aquatics, animal health, authentication, chemical processing, food, and healthcare.
By being mobile and utilized near the point where one or more analyte needs to be measured, a user may receive results in an efficient manner and any care or remedial measure decisions may be implemented immediately. The interferometric systems provided herein provide a major technical advancement to detect, quantify and even track various fluoro-containing substances. The systems provided herein may also provide a means to indicate and otherwise aid in the control of the processing, storage, and movement of fluoro-containing substances. The systems provided herein also provide a means to assess the presence of fluoro-containing substances in or on a variety of environments.
According to a particular embodiment, the systems provided herein may be utilized to detect and quantify levels of a perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Examples of the over seven million different PFAS compounds include, but are not limited to, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, commonly known as GenX Chemicals), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS).
According to one embodiment, a fluid source of analytes includes an industrial or commercial vessel adapted to store, process, or carry one or more chemicals that may contain fluoro-containing substances. Such a vessel may be located within or around a shipping container that stores and transports a fluid chemical. The shipping container may be located on a truck, train, or other means of transportation. The shipping container may also be located on or around shipping dock.
According to a particular embodiment, the systems and methods provided herein may be utilized to detect and quantify levels of a fluoro-containing substances in an industrial environment such as in a chemical processing or chemical manufacturing facility. By providing detection and quantification data in an efficient manner within the production environment, exposure to fluoro-containing substances may be monitored, adjusted and otherwise controlled. According to such an embodiment, the system will detect and quantify one or more fluoro-containing substances at the parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt) level.
According to a particular embodiment, the systems and methods provided herein may be utilized to detect, quantify or otherwise monitor levels of a fluoro-containing substances in a variety of other applications in various environments. Such applications include waste management, national defense, metal coating, plastics/resins, mining and refining, airports, petroleum extraction and refining, paints/coatings, metal machinery manufacturing, paper mills, packaging production, disposable plate production, electronics, oil/gas, printing, textiles/leathers, cleaning products manufacturing, food production, glass products, cement manufacturing, fire departments (fire suppression at home or on truck), home accessories/building products (e.g., carpet, furniture), water treatment (municipal, well, bottled) and airport fire suppression foam cleanup.
According to one particular embodiment, the interferometric system provided herein may be utilized in connection with or otherwise equipped to a mobile vehicle. Suitable mobile vehicles include, but are not limited to, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), drones, manned aircraft, and manned vehicles.
According to one particular embodiment, the interferometric system provided herein may be utilized in connection with or otherwise equipped to a water supply system to continuously monitor (or batch monitor) the water for fluoro-containing substances. According to one particular embodiment, the interferometric system provided herein may be connected to a water faucet in a variety of locations such as in a home, laboratory or industrial setting.
According to one embodiment, the method further includes the optional step of entering 1204 a user identifier (ID) in the system. Additionally, an identification number associated with the sample, analyte or interest or a combination thereof may be entered. The cartridge system utilized may be equipped with a label or sticker carrying identifying such information.
According to one embodiment, the method further includes the optional step of entering other information 1205. The label or sticker may include a QR code including such information The label or sticker may be removed prior to use. Identifying information may include metadata such as time, GPS data, or other data generated by the interferometric system.
According to one embodiment, the method further includes the step of concentrating 1206 the test sample. According to one embodiment, the step of concentrating is carried out by solid-solid extraction/solid phase extraction (SPE), microbeads, or other suitable means for concentrating, purifying or otherwise preparing the test sample for detection and quantification.
According to one embodiment, the method further includes the step of introducing the target sample to the interferometric system 1208. According to one embodiment, target sample is introduced to the cartridge by a separate device such as a syringe or pump. According to one embodiment, target sample is introduced by an injection device. According to one embodiment, the injection device may be permanently attached to the cartridge system. According to one embodiment, the injection device is a pipette. According to one embodiment, the injection device is a syringe. According to one embodiment, the injection device is a lance, pipette or capillary tube. When utilizing a multiple-use cartridge system, the cartridge system may be fitted to a tube or other transfer mechanism to allow the sample to be continuously taken from a large amount of fluid that is being monitored.
According to one embodiment, the method further includes the step of mixing 1209 the target sample with a buffer solution to form a test sample. According to one embodiment, the buffer solution is aqueous based. In a multiple-use cartridge system, such a step may occur prior to the test sample being introduced to the cartridge system. In a single-use cartridge system, such a step may occur in the mixing bladder with the assistance of a pump.
The method of detecting and quantifying the level of analyte in a sample includes initiating waveguide interferometry 1210 on the test sample. Such a step may include initiating movement of the light signal through the cartridge system as provided herein and receiving the light signal within the detector unit. Any changes in an interference pattern are representative of analyte in the test sample. Particularly, such changes in an interference pattern generate data related to one or more analyte in the test sample. According to one embodiment, the step of initiating 1210 waveguide interferometry on the test sample includes the step of correlating data from the phase shift with calibration data to obtain data related to analyte identity, analyte concentration, or a combination thereof.
According to one embodiment, the method further includes the step of processing 1212 any data resulting from changes in the interference pattern. Such changes in interference pattern may be processed and otherwise translated to indicate the presence and amount of an analyte in a test sample. Processing may be assisted by software, processing units, processor, servers, or other component suitable for processing. The step of processing data may further include storing such data in storage means as provided herein.
According to one embodiment, the method further includes the step of transmitting a data signal 1214. The signal may result in the displaying of data on the system 1216. The step of transmitting data may include displaying the analyte levels via projecting any real time data on a screen as described herein. The step of transmitting data may include transmitting any obtained data to a mobile phone, smart phone, tablet, computer, laptop, watch or other wireless device. The data may also be sent to a device at a remote destination. The remote destination device may be a locally operated mobile or portable device, such as a smart phone, tablet device, pad, or laptop computer. The destination may also be smart phone, pad, computer, cloud device, or server. In other embodiments, the remote destination may be a stand-alone or networked computer, cloud device, or server accessible via a local portable device.
The method may optionally include the step of disposing of the test sample 1218 per legal requirements. Such legal requirements assure that any sample still containing unacceptable levels of pathological contamination are disposed of properly so as not to cause harm to a user or the environment.
According to one embodiment, the method optionally includes the step of initiating 1220 a cleaning or remedial countermeasure against any analyte detected. Such remedial measure may include introducing cleaning chemicals to a particular environment where analytes are located. The remedial measures may work to kill or otherwise neutralize any unwanted analyte present in the environment where a sample was taken.
Although the present specification describes components and functions that may be implemented in particular embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the invention is not limited to such standards and protocols. For example, standards for Internet and other packet switched network transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, HTTP) represent examples of the state of the art. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentially the same functions. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same or similar functions as those disclosed herein are considered equivalents thereof.
Although specific embodiments of the present disclosure are herein illustrated and described in detail, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The above detailed descriptions are provided as exemplary of the present disclosure and should not be construed as constituting any limitation of the disclosure. Modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and all modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the disclosure are intended to be included with the scope of the appended claims.
An experiment was conducted to assess the impact of application of a hydrophilic coating composition on bubble adhesion or adherence and interferometric response. A hydrophilic coating composition including a two-part polymer mixture was dissolved in water (available from Medical-Surfaces, Inc.). The hydrophilic coating composition was applied to internal cartridge system components of an interferometric system by soaking the surface to be coated with occasional agitation.
The following statements provide a general description of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the appended claims.
Statement 1. A hydrophilic coating composition for bubble reduction or elimination, the hydrophilic coating composition comprising one or more hydrophilic polymers provided herein such as those in Table 1 or other examples such as acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides is provided.
Statement 2. The hydrophilic coating composition of statement 1, applied to or otherwise coated on one or more components of an interferometric system.
Statement 3. The hydrophilic coating composition of statement 2, applied to or otherwise coated on one or more components of a microfluidic system in an interferometric system.
Statement 4. The hydrophilic coating composition of statement 3, wherein the microfluidic system is included in a single or multi-use cartridge of an interferometric system.
Statement 5. The hydrophilic coating composition of statement 3 or 4, wherein the interferometer system is a portable optical interferometric system.
Statement 6. A portable interferometric system for detection, authentication and/or quantification of at least one analyte within a test sample comprising: an optical assembly unit, the optical assembly unit comprising a light unit and a detector unit each adapted to fit within a portable housing unit; and a cartridge system adapted to be inserted in the housing and removed after one or more uses, the cartridge system comprising a microfluidic system, an interferometric chip and a flow cell wafer, wherein the interferometric chip includes one or more waveguide channels having a sensing layer composition thereon, the sensing layer composition adapted to bind or otherwise be selectively disturbed by the at least one analyte, and wherein one or more components of the portable interferometric system include a hydrophilic coating composition.
Statement 7. The portable interferometric system of statement 6, wherein one or more components of the microfluidic system include a hydrophilic coating composition.
Statement 8. The portable interferometric system of statement 6 or 7, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition comprises one or more hydrophilic polymers selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides.
Statement 9. A method of detecting and quantifying the level of analyte in a target or test sample with a waveguide interferometer, the method includes the steps of:
Statement 10. The method of statement 9, wherein the step of transmitting data includes wirelessly transmitting analyte detection and quantification data to a mobile device or server.
Statement 11. The method of any one of statements 9-10, further comprising the step of displaying data related to the presence of analyte in the test sample on a display unit.
Statement 12. The method of any one of statements 9-11, wherein the target sample is taken from water, soil or air.
Statement 13. The method of any one of statements 9-12, wherein the data resulting from the waveguide interferometry is provided at or under 30 minutes.
Statement 14. The method of any one of statements 9-13, wherein the waveguide interferometer comprises: a cartridge system adapted to be inserted in the housing and removed after one or more uses, the cartridge system comprising an interferometric chip and a flow cell wafer.
Statement 15. The method of statement 14, wherein the cartridge system includes a microfluidic system having an inner surface that includes a hydrophilic coating composition.
Statement 16. The method of any one of statements 9-15, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition comprises: one or more hydrophilic polymers selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides.
Statement 17. The method of any one of statements 9-16 where the analyte is of relevance to a chemical, biological compounds, and pathogens in agriculture, aquatics, animal health, authentication, chemical processing, food, or healthcare application.
Statement 18. A method of reducing or eliminating bubbles on one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component is provided, the method comprising the step of introducing at least one hydrophilic coating composition to the one or more internal surfaces of the interferometric system component.
Statement 19. The method of statement 18, further comprising the step of plasma cleaning the one or more internal surfaces of the interferometric system prior to introduction of the hydrophilic coating composition.
Statement 20. The method of any one of statements 18-19, wherein the one or more hydrophilic compounds is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides.
Statement 21. The method of any one of statements 18-20, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition is introduced to one or more components of a microfluidic system in the interferometric system.
Statement 22. The method of any one of statement 21, wherein the microfluidic system is included in a single or multi-use cartridge of the interferometric system.
Statement 23. The method of any one of statements 18-22, wherein the interferometric system is a portable optical interferometric system.
Statement 24. A hydrophilic coating composition for bubble reduction or elimination on one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component, the hydrophilic coating composition comprising: one or more hydrophilic compounds; and at least one carrier (or one or more), wherein one or more bubbles are reduced or eliminated by the hydrophilic coating composition when the hydrophilic coating composition is introduced to on one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component.
Statement 25. The hydrophilic coating composition of statement 24, wherein the one or more hydrophilic compounds is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides.
Statement 26. The hydrophilic coating composition of statements 24 or 25, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition is applied to or otherwise coated on one or more components of a microfluidic system in the interferometric system.
Statement 27. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-26, wherein the microfluidic system is included in a single or multi-use cartridge of the interferometric system.
Statement 28. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-27, wherein the interferometric system is a portable optical interferometric system.
Statement 29. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-28, wherein the at least one carrier includes water, a polar solvent, or a combination thereof.
Statement 30. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-29, wherein the polar solvent (other than water) is an alcohol.
Statement 31. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-30, wherein the polar solvent includes ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, formamide, glycerol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, diethyl ether, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Dimethylformamide (DMF), acetic acid, ethylene glycol, pyridine, diethyl glycol, benzonitrile, cyclohexanone, 2-propanol, chloroform, toluene, dioxane, dichloromethane, or any combination thereof.
Statement 32. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-31, wherein the carrier includes water and at least one polar solvent.
Statement 33. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-32, wherein the carrier includes water and an alcohol.
Statement 34. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-33, wherein the carrier includes water and ethanol.
Statement 35. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-34, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition is optically clear.
Statement 36. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-35, wherein the one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component are hydrophobic in nature or include hydrophobic material.
Statement 37. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 24-36, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition prevents bubbles present in the target sample or target sample composition from adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to an internal surface of an interferometric system component.
Statement 38. A hydrophilic coating composition for prevention of bubble adherence or adhesion to one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component, the hydrophilic coating composition comprising: one or more hydrophilic compounds; and at least one carrier (or one or more), wherein one or more bubbles are prevented from adherence or adhesion to one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component by the hydrophilic coating composition when the hydrophilic coating composition is introduced to on one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component.
Statement 39. The hydrophilic coating composition of statement 38, wherein the one or more hydrophilic compounds is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, ether polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, polystyrene polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) polymers, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxylic acids, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, poly (meth)acrylic acid, polyethylene glycols (PEG), esters of polyethylene glycols (PEG esters), polyamides, and polyacrylic amides.
Statement 40. The hydrophilic coating composition of statements 38 or 39, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition is applied to or otherwise coated on one or more components of a microfluidic system in the interferometric system.
Statement 41. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-40, wherein the microfluidic system is included in a single or multi-use cartridge of the interferometric system.
Statement 42. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-41, wherein the interferometric system is a portable optical interferometric system.
Statement 43. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-42, wherein the at least one carrier includes water, a polar solvent, or a combination thereof.
Statement 44. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-43, wherein the polar solvent (other than water) is an alcohol.
Statement 45. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-44, wherein the polar solvent includes ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, formamide, glycerol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, diethyl ether, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Dimethylformamide (DMF), acetic acid, ethylene glycol, pyridine, diethyl glycol, benzonitrile, cyclohexanone, 2-propanol, chloroform, toluene, dioxane, dichloromethane, or any combination thereof.
Statement 46. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-45, wherein the carrier includes water and at least one polar solvent.
Statement 47. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-46, wherein the carrier includes water and an alcohol.
Statement 48. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-47, wherein the carrier includes water and ethanol.
Statement 49. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-48, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition is optically clear.
Statement 50. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-49, wherein the one or more internal surfaces of an interferometric system component are hydrophobic in nature or include hydrophobic material.
Statement 51. The hydrophilic coating composition of any one of statements 38-50, wherein the hydrophilic coating composition prevents bubbles present in the target sample or target sample composition from adhesion, adherence or a combination thereof to an internal surface of an interferometric system component.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 63/532,225 filed Aug. 11, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63532225 | Aug 2023 | US |
