Configurations of systems, such as oil field drilling systems, can be planned during a planning stage. Often, a software application is used in the planning stage. The components that make up such systems can have a number of parameters that can be adjusted through the software application during the planning stage. It can be a challenge to provide a user with help in resolving errors that arise during the planning stage.
In one embodiment, a computer system environment 100, illustrated in
In one embodiment, the processor 104 interfaces with a local area network (“LAN”) 126 through the network interface 114. In one embodiment, the processor 104 can communicate with other computers through the LAN 126. In one embodiment, the processor has access to the Internet 128 through the LAN 126.
In one embodiment, a computer program to implement the techniques described herein is stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium 130, such as a compact disk (“CD”), a digital versatile disc or digital video disc (“DVD”), an external solid state drive, or the like. In one embodiment, the medium 130 is loaded into a storage device 110, such as an optical drive, and the computer program is read from the medium and stored in the RAM 106, the ROM 108, or another storage device 110, such as a hard drive. In one embodiment, the computer program is compiled and linked, if necessary, and further prepared for execution. In one embodiment, and executable image of the computer program is stored in the RAM 106, the ROM 108, or another storage device 110, such as a hard drive. In one embodiment, the processor 104 executes the executable image, receive inputs from the cursor control device 118 and input device 120, stores data in the RAM 106 and/or ROM 108, and produce outputs on the graphical user interface 122 and the output device 124.
In one embodiment, the computer system environment 100 is used to plan the implementation of a system, such as a drilling system for drilling a well for hydrocarbons. While much of this disclosure describes techniques relating to the planning of such wells, it will be understood that the techniques described herein can be used in a variety of implementation planning or realization environments, such as architectural systems used to design buildings; computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing systems used to design electronic and mechanical devices and the systems used to build them; and medical systems, such as surgery planning, automation, or assistance systems.
In one embodiment, illustrated in
In one embodiment, the schematic 204 includes a representation of the earth surface 206, a bore hole 208, a first casing 210, and a second casing 212. The schematic 204 also includes a drill string 214 and a bit 216 coupled to the bit. The schematic 204 shows an area 218 of the drill string 214 which has developed a curve that has caused a parameter, such as the bending stress, of the drill string 214 in that area 218 to be out of limits.
In one embodiment, shown in
In one embodiment, selecting the hyperlink 302, such as by clicking on it with a mouse or track pad, or tapping on it through a touch screen, or the like, will cause the processor 104 to initiate a process to recommend a solution or solutions to the problem that has been encountered.
By way of example, consider the problem identified in
where:
Mb=bending moment=EI κ,
E=Young's modulus,
I=axial moment of inertia,
κ=pipe curvature, and
Dp=pipe diameter.
Bending moment can also be expressed using the bending moment relationship:
where
R is the radius of curvature (R=1/κ)
With the following given data:
Curvature is deg/100 ft=3.17 deg/100 ft=0.00055 rad/ft
Pipe diameter=8″
Modulus of elasticity=30,000,000 psi
Bending stress outside the pipe is
If the limit on bending stress is set at 5,000 psi, the result will be a hyperlink error pointing towards the component which exceeds the bending stress, as shown in
In one embodiment, the process recommends a solution. In one embodiment, the process proceeds by making a reverse calculation using as a constraint the variable for which limit that has been exceeded. In the bending stress calculation the variables are Dp, E, κ.
Since the modulus of elasticity (E) cannot be changed, the only variables are pipe diameter (Dp) and the dogleg of the wellbore (related to κ).
The options are (a) to keep the pipe diameter same and calculate the dogleg or (b) to keep the dogleg constant and calculate the minimum diameter of the pipe.
For the first option the pipe diameter remains the same and the dogleg is constrained:
This calculation results in a dogleg of 2.865 deg/100 ft.
For the second option wellbore curvature remains the same and the pipe diameter is calculated to be:
In the above conditions there may not be an option to reduce the diameter of the pipe leaving reducing the dogleg of the well path as the only option.
In one embodiment, assuming both options are available and the above reverse calculations result in expressions that can be solved, the process displays hyperlinks to “adjust pipe diameter” (hyperlink 402), “adjust dogleg” (hyperlink 404), and “adjust all” (hyperlink 406), as shown in
In one embodiment, selecting the “adjust all” hyperlink will cause the process to display a way to make those adjustments, such as the dashboard 502 illustrated in
In one embodiment, the dashboard 502 includes an incremental slide 516 for drill pipe outside diameter, which is a parameter that can be adjusted to particular values. The particular values 518 (i.e., 2⅜, 2⅞, 3½, 4, 4½, 5, 5½, 6⅝, and 8 inches) are displayed in, for example, blocks, in a row, either horizontally, vertically, or along a curve, and the currently selected increment (i.e., 8 inches) is highlighted, for example by shading the block associated with the currently selected increment. An incremental selector 520 allows a new selection to be made.
In one embodiment, the dashboard 502 includes a continuous slide 522 for drill pipe dogleg, which is a parameter that is not limited to discrete values, other than those imposed by the use of digital electronics. In one embodiment, the continuous slide includes a “good” range indicated by a first color 522, a “caution” range indicated by a second color 524, and a “out-of-limits” range indicated by a third color 526. In one embodiment, a continuous selector 526 allows a selection to be made. In one embodiment, a number 528 attached to the continuous selector indicates the current value (3.17 degrees/100 ft) of the dogleg.
In one embodiment, adjusting the drill pipe outside diameter using the incremental selector 520 or the drill pipe dogleg using the continuous selector 526 will change the bending stress, as discussed above. In one embodiment, such changes are reflected instantly or after a short time by the needle 512 and the digital display 514.
In one embodiment, illustrated in
In general, as shown in
In one embodiment, illustrated in
where:
σb=bending stress in psi,
σbuck=buckling stress in psi, and
σfl=fatigue limit.
For tension the fatigue limit can be written as:
where:
σel fatigue endurance limit of the pipe in psi,
Fe=effective tension in lbf, and
Fy=yield strength of the pipe in lbf.
With the given fatigue endurance limit as well as yield strength of the pipe, keeping the buckling stress constant will result in only bending stress in the calculation. Adjusting the bending stress by adjusting the wellbore curvature may cause the fatigue ratio to be within the limits. If, after making these adjustments, the fatigue ratio is still out of limits it may be necessary to adjust the diameter of the pipe.
In one embodiment, to address this complex analytical situation, the system provides a plurality of hyperlinks. In one embodiment, the system provides three hyperlinks: a “Solve with Empirical Analysis” hyperlink 804, a “Solve with Statistical Analysis” hyperlink 806, and a “Solve with Artificial Intelligence Analysis” hyperlink 808.
The processing underlying the presentation of the plurality of hyperlinks 804, 806, and 808, illustrated in
In one embodiment, the processing identifies the calculations that produced the potential errors (block 904). In the example just given, the calculations include those shown in equations (8) and (9).
In one embodiment, the processing identifies the variables that are part of each calculation (block 906). In the example just given, the variables include those listed after equations (8) and (9).
In one embodiment, the processing enters a loop (blocks 908, 910, 912, and 914) in which each variable is addressed in turn, beginning with the first variable (block 908). In one embodiment, the processing determines if the variable is adjustable (block 910). For example, the variable under consideration may not be adjustable if it has been locked, is at a limit, or has only one possible value for another reason. If the variable is not adjustable (“N” branch out of block 910), in one embodiment processing returns to block 908 to consider the next variable.
If the variable is adjustable (“Y” branch out of block 910), in one embodiment processing proceeds to block 912 where the variable under consideration is added to the list of variables to be offered for adjustment.
In one embodiment, processing then determines if more variables are available for consideration (block 914). If there are (“Y” branch out of block 914), in one embodiment processing returns to block 908 to consider the next variable.
If there are no more variables (“N” branch out of block 914), in one embodiment processing proceeds to block 916 to display options available for analysis, resulting in the display shown in
In one embodiment, if the “Solve with Empirical Analysis” hyperlink (804) is selected in
In one embodiment, if the “Solve with Statistical Analysis” hyperlink (806) is selected in
In one embodiment, if the “Solve with Artificial Intelligence Analysis” hyperlink (808) is selected in
In one embodiment, a system 1100 to perform the analysis described above includes a hyperlink analysis system 1104 that receives errors generated by a plurality of applications 1106A, 1106B, . . . , 1106N, some of which have access to and/or maintain a set of model(s) 1108. In one embodiment, a user 1110 has access to displays illustrated above from the applications 1106A, 1106B, . . . , 1106N and the hyperlink analysis system 1104. In one embodiment, the hyperlink analysis system 1104 maintains a problem/solution database 1112 which, in one embodiment, is used to perform the statistical analysis discussed above. In one embodiment, the support vector machine 1102 has access to the problem/solution database 1112 for its analysis.
One embodiment of the problem/solution database 1112, illustrated in
The text above describes one or more specific embodiments of a broader invention. The invention also is carried out in a variety of alternate embodiments and thus is not limited to those described here. The foregoing description of an embodiment of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2012/068699 | 12/10/2012 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2014/092675 | 6/19/2014 | WO | A |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20150347608 A1 | Dec 2015 | US |