This application relates generally to an ice maker for a refrigerator, and more particularly, an ice maker comprising an air handler having an outlet diffuser that is disposed adjacent an air inlet in an ice maker frame, and a method for synchronizing an implementation of an ice making cycle with an implementation of a defrost cycle of an evaporator of the refrigerator.
Conventional refrigeration applications, such as domestic refrigerators, typically have ice makers that produce ice pieces for user consumption. Such ice makers generally include a fan configured to direct a flow of cool air toward an ice tray positioned within the ice maker. The flow of air directed from the fan to the ice tray is often rebounded due to obstacles positioned within the direction of the airflow path. As such, the airflow often does not engage the entirety of the ice tray. Moreover, due to conventional fan configurations, a vortex in the airflow may occur, which also results in the entirety of the ice tray not being “washed” with the flow of cool air.
Furthermore, the forming and harvesting of such ice pieces are generally dependent on several variables, such as temperature and time. Refrigerators that employ ice makers often include an evaporator that cools the air within the ice maker. This evaporator may be specific to the ice maker (i.e., provides cool air to only the ice maker) or may be associated with other storage compartments of the refrigerator. Additionally, defrost systems are also included and are configured to defrost the evaporator. Such defrost systems provide heat to the evaporator to remove any frost formed thereon.
If the defrost system is operational while the ice maker is manufacturing ice pieces, then the above-mentioned variables may be negatively affected such that harvesting of the ice pieces is delayed. Moreover, the heat generated by the defrost system may inadvertently raise the temperature of the harvested ice pieces as well as the structural components of the ice maker and/or ice bin. As such, all warmed components of the ice maker must be cooled down to proper operational temperatures during the ice making cycle. To accomplish this, additional time and cold air are required. Accordingly, implementation of the defrost system during ice piece manufacturing negatively impacts the overall efficiency of the ice forming process.
In accordance with one aspect, there is provided an ice maker for a refrigeration appliance. The ice maker comprises an ice maker frame that extends between a first end and a second end. The ice maker frame includes an air inlet provided at the first end of the ice maker frame. An ice tray is rotatably secured to the ice maker frame and is configured to form ice pieces therein. The ice maker further comprises an air handler including an outlet diffuser having a central body defined by a first wall. The first wall is peripherally surrounded by, and radially spaced apart from, a second wall. A plurality of radially extending fins are disposed between the first wall and the second wall. Each of the plurality of radially extending fins is spaced apart, one from the other, along an outer peripheral surface of the first wall. In an installed position, the outlet diffuser is disposed directly adjacent the air inlet provided at the first end of the ice maker frame.
The central body is provided at a radial center of the outlet diffuser. Additionally, the air inlet of the ice maker frame comprises a first wall that is peripherally surrounded by, and radially spaced apart from, a second wall, and a projection rib that radially extends between the first and second walls of the air inlet. The first wall of the outlet diffuser and the first wall of the air inlet are both cylindrical in shape, and the first wall of the outlet diffuser is axially aligned with the first wall of the air inlet. The second wall of the outlet diffuser is peripherally surrounded by the second wall of the air inlet. Moreover, the ice maker frame further comprises a cylindrical connection member that is peripherally surrounded by the first wall of the air inlet, the cylindrical connection member being configured to receive a pin of the ice tray in order to rotatably support the ice tray.
Still further, the air handler further comprises a housing, and the outlet diffuser is formed integral with the housing. A fan is disposed within the housing. The fan is configured to direct an airflow out of the outlet diffuser and into the air inlet of the ice maker frame. The fan includes a blade having a pitch that is opposite to a pitch of each of the plurality of radially extending fins of the outlet diffuser. Additionally, an evaporator and a defrost heater are further disposed within the housing.
In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a refrigeration appliance comprising an inner liner that defines a storage compartment and an outer cabinet that partially encloses the inner liner. A door is connected to the cabinet and is configured to provide selective access to the storage compartment. An ice maker is provided within the storage compartment and is configured to manufacture ice pieces.
The ice make comprises an ice maker frame extending between a first end and a second end. The ice maker frame includes an air inlet provided at the first end of the ice maker frame. An ice tray is rotatably secured to the ice maker frame and is configured to form ice pieces therein. The ice maker further comprises an air handler including an outlet diffuser having a central body defined by a first wall. The first wall is peripherally surrounded by, and radially spaced apart from, a second wall. A plurality of radially extending fins are disposed between the first wall and the second wall. Each of the plurality of radially extending fins is spaced apart, one from the other, along an outer peripheral surface of the first wall. Further, in an installed position, the outlet diffuser is disposed directly adjacent the air inlet provided at the first end of the ice maker frame.
Additionally, the storage compartment comprises a fresh food compartment and a freezer compartment. The fresh food compartment is disposed vertically above the freezer compartment and is separated therefrom via a horizontal mullion. The ice maker is provided within the fresh food compartment.
Moreover, the air inlet of the ice maker frame further comprises a first wall that is peripherally surrounded by, and radially spaced apart from, a second wall. The first wall of the outlet diffuser and the first wall of the air inlet are both cylindrical in shape. The first wall of the outlet diffuser is axially aligned with the first wall of the air inlet, and the central body is provided at a radial center of the outlet diffuser. The second wall of the outlet diffuser is peripherally surrounded by the second wall of the air inlet.
Further still, the air handler further comprises a housing that houses a fan configured to direct an airflow out of the outlet diffuser and into the air inlet of the ice maker frame. The fan includes a blade having a pitch that is opposite to a pitch of each of the plurality of radially extending fins of the outlet diffuser.
In accordance with yet a further aspect, there is provided an ice maker for a refrigeration appliance. The ice maker includes an ice maker frame having an air inlet provided at a first end thereof. The air inlet comprises a first wall peripherally surrounded by, and radially spaced apart from, a second wall, wherein a projection rib radially extends from the first wall to the second wall of the air inlet. A cylindrical connection member is peripherally surrounded by the first wall of the air inlet. The ice maker further includes an ice tray configured to form ice pieces therein. The ice tray has a first end including a pin. The pin is received within the cylindrical connection member of the air inlet to rotatably secure the ice tray to the ice maker frame. The ice maker also includes an air handler comprising a housing having an outlet diffuser integrally formed therewith. The outlet diffuser comprises a central body provided at a radial center of the outlet diffuser. The central body is defined by a first wall, the first wall being peripherally surrounded by, and radially spaced apart from, a second wall, wherein a plurality of radially extending fins are disposed between the first wall and the second wall. Each of the plurality of radially extending fins is spaced apart, one from the other, along an outer peripheral surface of the first wall.
The first wall of the outlet diffuser and the first wall of the air inlet are both cylindrical in shape. The first wall of the outlet diffuser is axially aligned with the first wall of the air inlet, and the second wall of the outlet diffuser is peripherally surrounded by the second wall of the air inlet. A fan is disposed within the housing and includes a blade having a pitch that is opposite to a pitch of each of the plurality of radially extending fins of the outlet diffuser such that, during an operating state of the fan, the fan is configured to direct an airflow out of the outlet diffuser and into the air inlet of the ice maker frame in a substantially linear direction.
In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a method for synchronizing an implementation of an ice making cycle of an ice making unit of a refrigerator and an implementation of a defrost cycle of an evaporator or evaporators associated with the ice making unit and the refrigerator. The ice making cycle includes a filling phase, a freezing phase, and a harvesting phase. The method comprises the steps of determining whether an upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin when an ice making unit is in a first portion of an ice making cycle or a second portion of the ice making cycle.
If the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin when the ice making unit is in the second portion of the ice making cycle, then the method further comprises the step of delaying initiation of the upcoming defrost cycle until after the ice making cycle has finished. Alternatively, if the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin when the ice making unit is in the first portion of the ice making cycle, then the method further comprises the step of immediately initiating the upcoming defrost cycle by energizing a heating element.
Further, the ice making unit is disposed in one of a fresh food compartment or a freezer compartment of the refrigerator. Additionally, a duration of time between the upcoming defrost cycle and a previous defrost cycle is equal to or greater than a predetermined minimum duration of time. The predetermined minimum duration of time is based on a minimum operating time of a compressor associated with the refrigerator.
Moreover, the step of delaying initiation of the upcoming defrost cycle until after the ice making cycle has finished includes repeated inquiries to the ice making unit from a controller of the refrigerator. The repeated inquiries are performed periodically until it is determined that the ice making unit is not in the freezing phase, the harvesting phase, or the ice filling phase of the ice making cycle.
Additionally, the method further comprises a step of determining if the step of delaying initiation of the upcoming defrost cycle exceeds a predetermined maximum period of time. If it is determined that the predetermined maximum period of time has been exceeded, then aborting the ice making cycle and immediately initiating the upcoming defrost cycle.
Further yet, before the step of determining whether the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin when the ice making unit is in the first portion of the ice making cycle or the second portion of the ice making cycle, a controller calculates a time until the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin. Only if the calculated time is less than or equal to a predetermined time does the step of determining whether the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin when the ice making unit is in the first portion of the ice making cycle or the second portion of the ice making cycle occur.
Moreover, the step of determining whether the ice making unit is in the first portion of the ice making cycle or the second portion of the ice making cycle is performed by a controller. The first portion of the ice making cycle comprising at least one of a filling phase, a freezing phase, and a harvesting phase, and wherein the second portion of the ice making cycle comprises the others of the filling phase, the freezing phase, and the harvesting phase. Alternatively, the first portion of the ice making cycle comprises a first half of time of an overall operation time of the ice making cycle, and the second portion of the ice making cycle comprises a second, subsequent half of time of the overall operation time of the ice making cycle.
Referring now to the drawings,
One or more doors 106 are pivotally coupled to a cabinet 108 of the refrigerator 100 to restrict and grant access to the fresh food compartment 102. The door(s) 106 can include a single door that spans the entire lateral distance across the entrance to the fresh food compartment 102, or can include a pair of French-type doors 106, as shown in
As shown in
Moving back to
Referring to
The freezer compartment 104 is used to freeze and/or maintain articles of food stored therein in a frozen condition. For this purpose, the freezer compartment 104 is in thermal communication with the freezer evaporator 402 that removes thermal energy from the freezer compartment 104 to maintain the temperature therein at a temperature of 0° C. or less during operation of the refrigerator 100, preferably between 0° C. and −50° C., more preferably between 0° C. and −30° C. and even more preferably between 0° C. and −20° C.
Moving back to
According to some embodiments, cool air from which thermal energy has been removed by the freezer evaporator 402 can also be blown into the fresh food compartment 102 to maintain the temperature therein greater than 0° C. preferably between 0° C. and 10° C., more preferably between 0° C. and 5° C. and even more preferably between 0.25° C. and 4.5° C. For alternate embodiments, a separate fresh food evaporator (not shown) can optionally be dedicated to separately maintaining the temperature within the fresh food compartment 102 independent of the freezer compartment 104. According to an embodiment, the temperature in the fresh food compartment 102 can be maintained at a cool temperature within a close tolerance of a range between 0° C. and 4.5° C., including any subranges and any individual temperatures falling with that range. For example, other embodiments can optionally maintain the cool temperature within the fresh food compartment 102 within a reasonably close tolerance of a temperature between 0.25° C. and 4° C.
With respect to
In operation, when a user desires ice (e.g., ice pieces), the user interacts with an actuator (e.g., lever, switch, proximity sensor, etc.) to cause frozen ice pieces to be dispensed from an ice bin 124 (
In alternative embodiments (not shown), the ice maker 126 is located within the freezer compartment 104. In this configuration, although still disposed within the freezer compartment 104, at least the ice maker 126 (and possibly the ice bin 124) is mounted to an interior surface of the freezer door 114. It is contemplated that the ice maker 126 and ice bin 124 can be separate elements, in which one remains within the freezer compartment 104 and the other is on the freezer door 114.
Additionally, when a user desires water, the user interacts with the actuator to acquire water from the dispenser 122. Generally, water is directed through a water circuit of the refrigerator 100 wherein it is pumped to the dispenser 122 from an external source (not shown). Typically, such water circuits include a series of water lines (e.g., conduits, tubes, etc.) to transport the water from the external source to the dispenser 122. Filters and water storage tanks are often also employed to filter the water passing therethrough and to store the water (either filtered or unfiltered) for subsequent downstream use.
Moving on to
The ice maker 126 is shown as comprising an ice maker frame 138, an ice bin 140, and an air handler 142. The air handler 142 is secured adjacent the rear wall 132 of the fresh food liner 118, and both the ice maker frame 138 and the ice bin 140 extend outwards therefrom towards a front of the refrigerator 100. Additionally, the ice maker frame 138 is disposed vertically above the ice bin 140 and houses an ice tray 144 therein. Due to this configuration, after the ice pieces have been formed, the ice pieces can then be transported to the ice bin 140 in an efficient manner. For example, the ice tray 144 may rotate about a horizontal axis until the ice pieces face the ice bin 140 and are subsequently ejected from the ice tray 144. Further, the evaporator 145 is disposed within (i.e., positioned behind) the air handler 142. The evaporator 145 is configured to cool water in the ice tray 144 to a temperature sufficient for ice piece production.
With respect to
As shown in
Moving on to
As further shown, the first wall 159 of the air inlet 152 peripherally surrounds a cylindrical connection member 158. The cylindrical connection member 158 is configured to receive a pin 165 of the ice tray 144 in order to rotatably support the ice tray 144. Specifically, the ice tray 144 extends from the rear end 154 of the ice maker frame 138 towards a front end 156 of the ice maker frame 138 and is rotatably secured thereto via the cylindrical connection member 158. The cylindrical connection member 158 is disposed at a radial center of the air inlet 152 (i.e., the radial center point of the pin 165 lies on the axis Y). The configuration of the air inlet 152 substantially mirrors that of the fan outlet diffuser 150, discussed above. That is, as will be detailed below, the radial center point of the fan outlet diffuser 150 and that of the air inlet 152 are configured to lie on the same axis.
In an installed position, the air inlet 152 of the ice maker frame 138 circumferentially surrounds the fan outlet diffuser 150. That is, as shown in
With respect to
Accordingly, due to the geometric configuration of the radially extending fins 151, the airflow F is efficiently directed into the ice maker frame 138 in such a way that the airflow F interacts and cools the entire ice tray 144. That is, the radially extending fins 151 prevent the airflow F from rebounding back into the air handler 142 and/or not interacting/cooling the entire ice tray 144. As such, the cold air from the housing 148 may flow efficiently to the ice tray 144 so that the time it takes for the water within the ice tray 144 to freeze is reduced.
With reference to
Moreover, although not shown, the ice maker 126 may include sensors configured to determine when cavities in the ice tray 144 are filled with water. For example, the sensors may sense when the ice tray 144 is filled and send a signal to a controller 203 (shown schematically in
After the freezing phase 204 has concluded (i.e., the water within the ice tray 144 has frozen into ice pieces), a harvesting phase 206 may begin. As briefly noted above, the function of the harvesting phase 206 is directed towards disengaging the ice pieces from the ice tray 144 and transferring the ice pieces to the ice bin 140. Before the harvesting phase 206 begins, several criteria must first be met. Specifically, a sensed temperature must be below a maximum harvest temperature and a minimum freeze time must be met.
The maximum harvest temperature is the maximum temperature of the ice pieces in the ice tray, as detected by a sensor (e.g., a thermistor), at which harvesting can occur. In one embodiment (see
During operation, the temperature sensed by the sensor must be below (i.e., colder) the maximum harvest temperature. The minimum freeze time is directed toward a minimum amount of time between the completion of the filling phase 202 and the initiation of the harvesting phase 206. That is, the minimum freeze time is a pre-set time period which must occur before the harvesting phase 206 initiates. Of note, the sensed temperature being below the maximum harvest temperature can be achieved before the minimum freeze time is reached, and vise-versa; however, the harvest phase 206 will not begin until both of the foregoing conditions are met.
As mentioned above, after the harvesting phase 206 begins, the ice pieces are ejected from the ice tray 144 and stored in the ice bin 140. Thereafter, the ice making cycle 200 may continue its operation by initiating the filling phase 202 once more. The ice making cycle 200 may be in constant operation until it is determined that the ice bin 140 has been filled with ice pieces. Alternatively, a predetermined time period may occur between each ice making cycle 200.
Over time, due to the cold environments associated with the overall refrigerator 100 and the ice maker 126, a layer of frost often builds up on evaporators associated therewith. This can occur with an evaporator associated with the main cooling system of the refrigerator (i.e., a system evaporator which maintains the fresh food and/or freezer compartment 102, 104 at an appropriate operating temperature), or an evaporator dedicated to the ice maker 126, such as the evaporator 145 positioned within the air handler 142. The following disclosure is directed towards defrosting various elements associated with the ice maker 126 (e.g., the evaporator 145 within the air handler 142), however, it is to be understood that the disclosure is likewise applicable to any other element employed by the refrigerator 100.
To remove the build-up of frost formed on the evaporator 145, a defrost heater 208 is employed in the refrigerator 100. As schematically shown in
Specifically, the present method synchronizes the implementation of the ice making cycle 200 of the ice maker 126 and the implementation of the defrost cycle associated with the one or more evaporators (e.g., evaporator 145) to hinder interruption of the ice making cycle 200. In this manner, neither the ice making cycle 200 of the ice maker 126 nor the defrost cycle associated with the one or more evaporators (e.g., evaporator 145) has priority over the other.
With respect to
Subsequently, a second step 302 determines whether the calculated time (from the first step 301) is less than or equal to a predetermined time period. For example,
If the upcoming defrost cycle is not scheduled to begin during an ice making cycle 200, then operation of the upcoming defrost cycle will begin at its originally scheduled time, as shown in a fourth step 304. Of note, after the determination has been made that the upcoming defrost cycle is not scheduled to begin during an ice making cycle 200, the algorithm may begin once more at the first step 301. In this manner, it is ensured that the upcoming defrost cycle will not overlap or simultaneously run with an ice making cycle 200.
Alternatively, if the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin during an ice making cycle 200, then an inquiry is made to determine at what point in time during the operation of the ice making cycle 200 the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin. Specifically, in a fifth step 305, an inquiry is made as to whether a predetermined time period, from the start of the ice making cycle 200, will have elapsed when the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin. This predetermined time period can be equivalent to half of the overall time period it takes for the ice making cycle 200 to complete operation. That is, if the ice making cycle 200 operates for a time period of 60 minutes, then the predetermined time period may be 30 minutes. Alternatively, the predetermined time period may be any other amount of time.
With respect to the above-example, if the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin after 30 minutes from the start of the ice making cycle 200 (i.e., within the second half of the ice making cycle 200), then the controller 203 reschedules the upcoming defrost cycle to begin operation after the ice making cycle 200 has completed, as shown in a sixth step 306. That is, the upcoming defrost cycle will not begin at its originally scheduled time period. Rather, the upcoming defrost cycle will begin at a later time period, after the ice making cycle 200 has completed. Of note, the controller 203 can reschedule the upcoming defrost cycle to begin immediately after the ice making cycle 200 has completed, or at a predetermined time period after the ice making cycle 200 has completed.
Alternatively, with respect to the fifth step 305, if the upcoming defrost cycle is scheduled to begin within 30 minutes from the start of the ice making cycle 200 (i.e., within the first half of the ice making cycle 200), then an inquiry is made, as shown in a seventh step 307, as to whether a minimum compressor run-time has elapsed since the completion of a previous defrost cycle. The minimum compressor run-time may be, for example, eight hours, and is generally indicative of an industrial requirement for a minimum amount of time the compressor 406 must be operational between consecutive defrost cycles. It is to be understood that the above-noted minimum compressor run-time need not be eight hours, and that any other predetermined amount of time may be used.
If the minimum compressor run-time has not elapsed (i.e., the compressor has been operational for less than eight hours since the completion of the previous defrost cycle), then the controller 203 reschedules the upcoming defrost cycle to begin operation after the ice making cycle 200 has completed, as shown in the sixth step 306. After the sixth step 306, the algorithm may once again revert back to the first step 301.
Alternatively, if the minimum compressor run-time has elapsed (i.e., the compressor has been operational for greater than or equal to eight hours since the completion of the previous defrost cycle), then the controller 203 reschedules the upcoming defrost cycle to begin operation immediately, as shown in an eighth step 308. In other words, the controller 203 will immediately initiate operation of the upcoming defrost cycle, as opposed to waiting until the upcoming defrost cycle's originally scheduled start time. Of note, after the upcoming defrost cycle has be rescheduled to begin immediately, and after said defrost cycle has been completed, the algorithm may once again revert back to the first step 301.
While not shown, the algorithm will only delay the upcoming defrost cycle for a predetermined maximum period of time. It is contemplated that this predetermined maximum period of time is selected such that in the case of a fault (e.g., a hardware failure), the controller 203 does not continue to wait for an abnormally long period of time. This predetermined maximum period of time is preferably 90 minutes, and even more preferably 60 minutes; however, it is contemplated that the predetermined maximum period of time may be any other amount of time. For example, after the sixth step 306, the controller 203 may initiate a timer. If the timer reaches the predetermined maximum period of time, and the upcoming defrost cycle has not yet begun, then the controller 203 will immediately cancel operation of the present ice making cycle 200 and begin operation of the upcoming defrost cycle, if the predetermined time period in the seventh step 307 has elapsed (i.e., the predetermined time period since the completion of the previous defrost cycle).
As described in detail above, the defrost cycle only occurs when the ice making cycle 200 is not in operation. The implementation of the defrost cycle is either advanced in time or delayed such that the defrost cycle does not overlap with the ice making cycle 200. Accordingly, the aforementioned algorithm synchronizes the implementation of the ice making cycle 200 of the ice maker 126 with the implementation of the defrost cycle of the evaporator 145 so that operation of the ice making cycle 200 is not interrupted.
Accordingly, the aforementioned ice maker 126 configuration and algorithm may increase the overall efficiency of the refrigerator 100. In particular, by preventing the defrost cycle from overlapping the ice making cycle 200, the present configuration and algorithm may reduce the occurrence of unnecessary cooling of the ice tray 144. This elimination in overlap may allow the ice maker to freeze ice in less time and, thereby, increase the daily ice production rate, as compared to conventional ice makers. For example, the daily ice production rate may increase from 2.7-3.0 lbs. of ice per day, for a conventional ice maker, to 3.3-3.5 lbs. of ice per day for the ice maker configuration and algorithm described herein.
For example, with respect to
As illustrated in
In contrast, with respect to
As briefly mentioned above, the ice maker 126 of the present application may be mounted on the freezer door 114 (shown in
Alternatively, it is further contemplated that the ice maker 126 of the instant application could be used in the fresh food compartment 102, either within the interior of the cabinet 108 or on the door 106 of the fresh food compartment 102. Moving now to
In another example, cold air can be transported to the ice maker 126 from the dedicated freezer evaporator 402 located in the freezer compartment 104. Similar to the example above, the cold air can be transported via a ducting system that extends from a first end B1 to a second end B2. For example, as shown, the first end B1 can be disposed on the freezer liner 120 (i.e., at a rear wall thereof), and may extend along its walls as well as the walls of the fresh food liner 118 to reach the second end B2 disposed at the ice maker 126 on the door 106. Again, the ducting system can include at least one gasket to create a seal when the door 106 is in the closed position.
In a further example, the ice maker 126 can itself include an ice maker evaporator C, similar to the ice maker evaporator 145 discussed above. That is, the ice maker evaporator C is an evaporator connected to the system evaporator of the refrigerator 100 and is located within the ice maker 126 for the purpose of discharging cold air over and across the ice tray 144 (not shown). In yet another example, the ice maker 126 can itself include an ice maker evaporator D, that is completely separate and distinct from the system evaporator of the refrigerator 100. That is, the ice maker evaporator D is an independent refrigeration system located within the ice maker 126 and is configured to discharge cold air over and across the ice tray 144 (not shown).
It is further contemplated that although cold air ducting from the freezer evaporator 402 (or similarly a fresh food evaporator, e.g. the ice maker evaporator 145) as described herein may not be used, a thermoelectric chiller or other alternative chilling device or heat exchanger using various gaseous and/or liquid fluids could be used in its place. In yet another alternative, a heat pipe or other thermal transfer body can be used that is chilled, directly or indirectly, by the ducted cold air to facilitate and/or accelerate ice formation in the ice tray 144. Of course, it is contemplated that the ice maker 126 of the instant application could similarly be adapted for mounting and use on a fresh food drawer.
The invention has been described with reference to the example embodiments described above. Modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification. Example embodiments incorporating one or more aspects of the invention are intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims.
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