Identification, categorization, and integration of unplanned maintenance, repair and overhaul work on mechanical equipment

Abstract

An automated interactive method dynamically identifies an unplanned maintenance task during execution of a planned maintenance task on equipment. A user device displays a maintenance menu system for data entry and access and provides an input relating to unplanned maintenance task discovered on the equipment. The unplanned maintenance task is associated with the planned maintenance task at least with respect to a location. The automated interactive method sequentially processes unplanned maintenance task information based on the input from the user device. The automated interactive method establishes and stores an unplanned maintenance task data record including a selected geographical location, a selected item, a selected work category, a selected task type, a selected task description, and selected component data of the unplanned maintenance task.

Description

BACKGROUND

This application relates generally to managing maintenance of equipment. More particularly, this invention relates to identification, categorization, and integration of unplanned maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) work in an MRO business organization.

A number of businesses focus their operations on the maintenance, repair or overhaul of complex equipment. Aircraft fleet and truck fleet maintenance are two commonly known businesses in this arena. In addition, other business that have to maintain expensive complex machinery and other capital equipment such as fully automated manufacturing plants also require the maintenance, repair and/or overhaul of their equipment to keep the business operations running profitably.

Historically, within MRO business organizations, resource planning has been performed as a product of resource availability within a very near term time window, usually within weeks. The specific scheduling activity of MRO tasks usually is the product of responding to emergencies and matters of necessities to keep a particular end item, or a piece of equipment, in service. The result is that maintenance schedules often serve as general guidelines with critical resources being poorly allocated. Those resources typically need to be continually swapped and reallocated in an ad hoc manner to meet the emergency maintenance needs. This informality often results in both excessive equipment down times and excessive cost of maintenance.

Scheduling systems have been developed to permit the performance of MRO tasks to a predefined schedule and support that schedule with the correct components, raw materials, information, skilled or certified personnel, tooling and facilities. The ability to reliably schedule MRO work is important to an MRO business and its customers. The predictability of schedule performance is one of the most difficult issues facing MRO management. Such predictability is the foundation of both financial and technical success for an MRO business.

In the MRO environment, and especially while performing maintenance on more technically complex end items, the discovery of unplanned work (also known as “above and beyond”, or “emergent” work) during the execution of the original maintenance plan is problematic. Such unplanned maintenance work increases the level of difficulty of the effort, makes the supporting of the original plan much less efficient, and can create chaos within the work schedule. Of all of the tasks which must be performed once an item of unplanned work is discovered, the actual identification and categorization of the work content for that unplanned item is one of the most crucial factors in successfully dealing with the unplanned work and the schedule.

Historically, the identification and categorization of such unplanned work has been manual in nature, open to great latitude in description (both as to accuracy and detail of the description), and time consuming for the mechanic or technician. Additionally, the time spent performing the essentially clerical task of identifying and categorizing the work is time lost from the execution of the already planned maintenance. This is a source of inefficiency and wasted resources.

In those industries subject to extensive government regulation, the degree of detail required in the description of such tasks compounds the problem further. For example, commercial and military aircraft MRO operations must be scheduled and logged in accordance with government requirements. Disruptions to the schedule must also be logged and accounted. Manual records must be maintained for subsequent verification by regulators. The processing of these manual records, the reaction of the full business to the content of those records (purchasing of components; assignments of personnel; etc.), and the degree of human error represented by those records has made them a serious roadblock to the improvement of the MRO businesses.

Further difficulty occurs when attempts are made to integrate newly identified and categorized work with a pre-existing maintenance plan. This difficulty arises in reference to the placement and sequencing of the discovered work within the pre-existing plan. This difficulty also arises in reference to the availability of the required components, information, tooling, and certified personnel to perform the tasks. A general rule of thumb is that over 50% of the tasks accomplished by an MRO activity were not part of the original workplan, and well over 60% of the time required to perform the tasks (and the cost associated with the maintenance business) are originally unplanned, meaning discovered during planned work execution.

Accordingly, there is a need for improved methods and apparatus for identification, categorization and integration of unplanned MRO work in a schedule of planned work.

BRIEF SUMMARY

By way of introduction only, the present invention provides an automated interactive method for dynamically identifying an unplanned maintenance task during execution of a planned maintenance task on equipment and creating a corresponding unplanned maintenance task data record associated with the planned maintenance task. The automated interactive method includes displaying on a user device a maintenance menu system for data entry and access, receiving from the user device a selected geographical location of unplanned maintenance work discovered on the equipment. The unplanned maintenance work includes a first unplanned maintenance task associated with the selected geographical location and a second unplanned maintenance task not associated with the selected geographical location. The automated interactive method also includes establishing, through a task pointer, a first path to the first unplanned maintenance task on the equipment, establishing, through a location pointer, a second path through the selected geographical location to both the planned maintenance task and the first unplanned maintenance task, and displaying on the user device the first unplanned maintenance task and suppressing display of the second unplanned maintenance task. The automated interactive method further includes receiving from the user device a selection specifying the first unplanned maintenance task at the selected geographical location of the equipment, receiving from the user device a selected work category to assign to the first unplanned maintenance task, receiving from the user device a selected task type to associate with the selected work category, determining a task description corresponding to the selected task type, acquiring component data for the first unplanned maintenance task; and establishing and storing in a memory a resultant unplanned maintenance task data record including the selected geographical location, the selected item, the selected work category, the selected task type, the task description, and the component data.

By way of introduction only, the present invention provides in one embodiment a method for managing maintenance of equipment. The method includes identifying a planned MRO task and a first set of components associated with the task and determining a set of probabilities associated with a second set of components and indicating that the second set of components will require maintenance during the planned MRO task. The method further includes developing a plan for maintenance of individual items in the second set of components and, upon discovering a need for maintenance of at least one item of the second set of components, accessing the plan and integrating it with a plan of planned MRO tasks for the equipment.

In another embodiment, the invention further provides a method for managing maintenance of equipment. The method includes discovering a component of the equipment requiring unplanned maintenance and identifying a location of the component. The method further includes identifying a category of work required for the unplanned maintenance, identifying a task description in the category of work to be performed, identifying a data code on the component, obtaining information from one or more databases associated with maintenance of said equipment, and scheduling the unplanned maintenance into a schedule of planned maintenance based on the information obtained from the one or more databases.

In yet another embodiment, the invention further provides a system for managing the maintenance of equipment by integrating planned maintenance with unplanned maintenance. The system includes a network user interface in communication with a network and at least one storage device in communication with the network, the storage device being configured to store data from a plurality of databases. These databases in one embodiment include a Planned Work Probable Findings database including data of probability that, during planned maintenance of a first component, a second component will be identified as requiring unplanned maintenance, a Geography Definition database including data defining physical zones within which a repair task may be performed on a piece of equipment, a Planned Work Geography Locator database including data associating a planned MRO task to a physical zone, and a Component Tracking database including data selected from one or more of part numbers, component serial numbers and tracking numbers, the Component Tracking database being linked to a configuration database; and a scheduler for scheduling maintenance for a plurality of maintenance time periods; wherein the network user interface is configured to provide access to data from one or more database to describe a MRO task for a component of the equipment discovered to require maintenance; and wherein said scheduler includes logic to integrate the maintenance of the second component into a maintenance plan for said maintenance in a selected time period.

In yet another embodiment, the invention further provides a method for managing maintenance of equipment. The method includes identifying a planned MRO task of the equipment and based on location of the planned MRO task, retrieving from a memory probable MRO tasks associated with the planned MRO task.

In yet another embodiment, the invention further provides a computer readable equipment maintenance database storage medium. The storage medium includes first data defining planned maintenance items for equipment and second data defining probable maintenance items for the equipment. The second data is associated with the first data by geographic data for the equipment.

In yet another embodiment, the invention further provides a method for forming an equipment maintenance database. The method includes identifying a planned MRO task for equipment and identifying one or more geographical areas of the equipment associated with completion of the planned MRO task. The method further includes determining unplanned MRO tasks associated with the one or more geographical areas and, in a database, storing first data related to the planned MRO task, storing second data related to the unplanned MRO tasks, and associating the first data and the second data by data related to the one or more geographical areas of the equipment.

The foregoing summary has been provided only by way of introduction. Nothing in this section should be taken as a limitation on the following claims, which define the scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for managing maintenance of equipment;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method of operating the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a planned work probable findings database of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 4 illustrates a question and response session gathering data to permit integration of unplanned work with a planned work schedule.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawing, FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system 100 for managing maintenance of equipment. As used herein, equipment refers to a machine or machinery that is formed of a defined arrangement of multiple components. A component means a component, a sub-component, an assembly, a system, or any other part of an item of equipment. A component may include, but need not include, one or more sub-components. An assembly may comprise a group of components that are integrated together. A material refers to raw material, a consumable, a component, a provision, or other equipment-related resources related to the performance of a maintenance activity. A maintenance activity or a maintenance task refers to at least one of maintenance, repair and overhaul of an item of equipment or a component of the item.

A component is not limited to mechanical elements and is broadly defined to include an electrical assembly, an electrical system, an electronic system, a computer controller, software, hydraulics, plumbing, and the like. Mechanical equipment includes heavy equipment and capital intensive equipment that is movable or fixed. Mobile mechanical equipment includes airplanes, buses, locomotives, ships, cranes, heavy trucks, earth moving equipment, and the like. Fixed mechanical equipment includes electrical power generators, industrial presses, manufacturing equipment or the like.

The system 100 forms a system for managing the maintenance of equipment by integrating planned maintenance of the equipment with unplanned maintenance for the equipment. In one exemplary embodiment described herein, the system 100 may be used in conjunction with a maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) system for performing MRO work on equipment. In another exemplary embodiment, the system 100 is used by a provider of MRO services for airplanes such as military and commercial airplanes. However, the system is not so limited and may be used in conjunction with any type of equipment or system.

The system 100 includes a computer network 102, a user interface 104, a server 106, a storage device 108 and a scheduler 110. The network 102 may be any suitable data communications network, such as a local area network, wireless network, etc. Many networking standards have been developed and may be adapted for application as shown in FIG. 1 and described herein.

The user interface 104 is in communication with the network 102 and provides access to data and applications located remotely on the network 102. In the illustrative embodiment, the user interface 104 is embodied as a personal computer. In other embodiments, different types of data entry and data communication devices may be used. For example, in one alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a wearable data communication device 112 is in communication with the user interface 104 by means of a wireless network 114. The wearable communication device 112 forms a wireless data entry device in communication with other components of the network 102. The wearable communication device 112 permits an operator such as a technician or mechanic to access remote locations of equipment undergoing MRO work while remaining in data communication with the network 102 but without the inconvenience of trailing data cables. Other types of data entry devices are known and may be adapted for use in the system 100.

The server 106 provides a process workflow and messaging device for the system 100. The server 106 is in communication with the user interface 104, the storage device 108 and the scheduler 110. The server 106 may also provide data communication with other devices, such as other networks.

The storage device 108 is in communication with other components of the network 102. The storage device is configured to store data in a plurality of databases. These databases include a planned work probable findings database 116, a planned work geography located database 118, a work description library 120, a geography definition database 122, a standard repair library 124, a standard parts list 126, a component part and serial number database 128, configuration databases 130 and possibly other databases 132. The other databases 132 may store ancillary information such as data and applications for use by components such as the server 106 and the user interface 104 of the network. The content and creation of these databases along with their use for scheduling planned and unplanned MRO work will be described in more detail below.

MRO work is organized by task. Examples of aircraft MRO tasks are “overhaul engine number 1,” or “inspect brake pads on nose landing gear.” Many MRO tasks are planned and scheduled according to a regular preventative maintenance schedule or other planning basis. For each planned MRO task, an analysis is performed to determine what types of additional, unplanned MRO work may be found during routine maintenance within the same geographical area of the equipment. Relative probabilities are assigned to those possible work events and the planned work probable findings database 116 is established from that analysis. One example of data organized in a planned work probable findings database is shown in FIG. 3.

Defined categories of MRO work, such as mechanical, electrical, software, etc. are specified along with expected types of tasks relative to that category. For example, plumbing could be expected to have leaks of varying severity, including seepage, pooling, heavy volume, burst pipe, etc. As another example, structural failures could include task types such as corrosion, cracking, fastener loss and bending, etc. For each of these categories and tasks types, standard nomenclature is developed and category/task-type pairs are established. The resulting data is stored in the work description library database 120.

For each unplanned work category/task type pair identified in the work description library database 120, a standard method of repair is established and associated data is stored in the standard repair library database 124. This library, in one embodiment, includes task descriptions, basic required tool listings as well as any special processing notes, skills or certifications required for the task, including safety warnings. This database also includes both schedule span estimates and cost estimates of the effort required to accomplish the standard repair tasks.

For each entry in the standard repair library database 124, a generalized components list of the items forecast to be required to be perform a specified maintenance or repair task is established in the standard repair parts list library database 126. This database may be organized by part numbers or nomenclature or both. In case of a database organized according to nomenclature only, various analysis techniques related to the context of the semantics used to describe the components may be applied to determined proper part applications for the various configurations.

The equipment geography description database 122 stores data related to geographic zones or locations for all maintained areas of the end item of equipment. This may include detailed information about subareas, focused on defining where maintenance work has been located on the end item of equipment. For example, geography must be specified as “right-hand front fender—rear edge” or “left-hand forward wheel well—pump mount side.” Only those areas determined to be subject to frequent or expensive maintenance may be listed. Preferably, the geographic location descriptions are related to a user graphical interface allowing for rapid point-and-click data acquisition. That is, a user operating a pointer-type device in conjunction with a display device may find and identify a specific geographic location or zone quickly using a graphical user interface. In instances where industry regulatory entities have pre-established geographic areas or zones or sub-zones, such as the ATA zones specified by the Air Transport Association for commercial aircraft, utilization or cross references may made to those standards in the geographic description database 122. An example of the ATA zones is provided herein as an appendix.

The component part/serial number database 128 stores part numbers or component serial numbers or some other unique tracking number for components of the equipment. The configuration database 130 stores information about the configuration or interrelationship of the components and parts of the equipment. These databases may be accessed for additional information about equipment needing repair or replacement.

While the several databases shown in FIG. 1 and described herein are independent in this embodiment, other data storage embodiments may be used. The data associated with the respective databases may be combined or linked in one or more databases. Databases may be located together as shown or distributed about the network. Any suitable database management tool or applications may be used for managing and maintaining the databases.

The scheduler 110 schedules maintenance for a plurality of maintenance time periods for equipment as part of the operation of the MRO system. As noted above, some MRO work occurs according to a schedule, such as routine preventative maintenance or overhaul work. Some MRO work may be planned but unscheduled, such as repairs. The scheduler 110 tracks work that must be performed over time against a calendar and using information about availability of other resources.

The scheduler 110 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as a computer in communication with the network 102 with access to the storage device 108 including its databases, the server 106 and user interface 104. In other embodiments, the functionality provided by the scheduler 110 may be performed by other components of the system 100. For example, a processor associated with the server 106 may perform the functions provided by the scheduler 110.

The scheduler receives data inputs regarding equipment on which maintenance is to be performed, the maintenance to be performed on the equipment, and resources available to perform the maintenance, such as parts and personnel. The scheduler may also receive other information such as availability of the equipment and planned maintenance schedules for the equipment. Using this information and other required information, the scheduler 110 develops a maintenance plan for maintenance in a selected time period for specified equipment. As will be described in greater detail herein, the scheduler 110 further receives information about unplanned work identified, for example, by a technician during inspection or performance of other work. The scheduler 110 integrates performance of the unplanned maintenance work into the maintenance plan for the equipment.

It is to be noted that other embodiments of the system 100 may be substituted. The functionality provided by the system may be alternately provided by computation and data storage devices having any configuration which is suitable to the needs and purposes described herein. The configuration shown in FIG. 1 is exemplary only and is intended to clarify the function of the various elements of the system described therein.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method for operating the system 100 of FIG. 1. The method illustrated in FIG. 2 permits identification, categorization and integration of unplanned MRO work in a schedule for completion of planned MRO work. The method begins at block 200.

At block 202, unplanned MRO work is discovered. This may occur at any point in the MRO work process. For example, the unplanned work may be discovered before the equipment is delivered for MRO processing. The MRO work may be discovered while planned MRO work is under way, for example, when the equipment has been opened up for access to a planned work area.

In accordance with one embodiment, for each item of unplanned work discovered, an MRO technician or mechanic utilizes a computer input device to define the location of the work on the equipment. Two techniques for location definition are envisioned, and others may be implemented as well. In one technique, the location of the unplanned work is specified using the most relevant planned work definition, as specified in the probable findings database 116 (FIG. 1), as will be described in greater detail below. Alternatively, the unplanned work can be specified through an assigned MRO geography definition. This definition may be obtained, for example, from the geography definition database 122 (FIG. 1). In the example involving aircraft MRO work, this information may be specified in the format of standard codes and locations for aircraft specified by the Air Transport Association, shown in the appendix hereto. For example, those standard codes may be specified as a default definition database. If other definitions are specified, for example by a specific airline which operates an aircraft, the preferred definitions may be substitute for the standard, default codes and locations.

Preferably, the location definition operation described by block 204 occurs when the technician clicks on an item on a menu. The menu may be presented to the technician by means of the user interface 104 or a device such as the wireless data communication device 112 in communication with the user interface 104. It is envisioned that the user interface will provide an easy to navigate menu system for data entry and access by a technician, mechanic or other operator. The menus are preferably dynamic pop up or pull down menus, with menu selections varying with the context of the menu. Only appropriate menu choices are provided to the user depending on his current context or location in the menu system or level of operation.

At block 206, the operator specifies the geography/work pairing for the unplanned work items. Preferably, this is accomplished using a point and click menu system associated with a user interface. The menu system may be used to access or specify the particular geographical location of the equipment. The menu system may further be used to select or identify a particular item of unplanned MRO work to be completed at the specified geographical location. This task description selection is preferably based on a pull down menu of relevant information only, and a click-to-verify method for input. That is, once the geographical location has been identified by the operator, only the possible work tasks in that geographical location are made available by the menu system. If the operator specifies an area of the assembly where only hydraulic systems are located, only hydraulic work tasks will be displayed by the menu system. Other tasks, such as electrical tasks and airframes repair tasks, will be suppressed.

At block 208, the operator identifies and verifies the work category for the items of unplanned work. Preferably, different tasks are specified in different categories of work. For example, in the airplane repair context, categorization may assign tasks to categories such as hydraulics, electrical, airframe repair, etc. Categorization can be important to allow allocation of proper and necessary resources for completion of the planned and unplanned work. Alternatively, the tasks could be categorized by geography, specifying physical regions of the equipment under repair for categories to which work tasks may be assigned.

At block 210, a task description for the unplanned work tasks is identified and verified. Again, this is preferably accomplished using a pull down menu of relevant information, along with a click-to-verify method for input. Based on the information provided by the technician, the system responds with a pull down menu whose entries are limited to only relevant or proper entries. Irrelevant or improper entries are suppressed.

At block 212, component data is acquired by the system. In one embodiment, this is done by reading a data code from the device. The data code may be machine readable, such as a bar code or magnetic stripe or may be a part number or serial number attached to the device. The data code is a unique identifier of the device. In another embodiment, this is done by posing tailored questions to the operator to obtain the required information. The questions may be posed using a video entry device associated with the user interface of the system or with the wearable communication device. Alternatively, an audio interface may be provided. The questions are tailored to the type of MRO task already identified by the technician. In one example, the following questions may be transmitted to the operator for data entry.

• • Does the item to be maintained have a digital media (bar code/magnetic stripe, etc.) attached? If yes, input the information by scanning it now.
  • If no such media identifier exists, input the serial number printed or stamped on the item, or input “no” if none exists.
  • Should the item be removed for further work, yes/no.
  • Additional tailored questions may be asked as required.

At this point, the answers to the tailored questions along with other data entered by the operator have provided the system with sufficient information to draw inferences as to the next steps required. Any appropriate or available application may be employed to perform necessary logical operations to process the input information. The system can accordingly initiate required transactions in support of those next steps.

The information provided by the operator and obtained from the storage device of the system allows the system to fully identify and describe the unplanned work task. At block 214, the system establishes an unplanned task data record, which may be located in a portion of memory for storing data related to the unplanned task. At block 216, the system determines a time span/cost estimate for the unplanned task. The time and cost estimates may be based on prior art data or experience performing similar unplanned work. At block 218, the system orders the necessary support for the task. Examples of required support include components for repair and replacement, information such as directions, and personnel.

At block 220, the unplanned work is sequenced into the planned work sequence to produce a revised work plan. This forms the preparation of an integrated schedule including the original work tasks and the newly discovered tasks. After producing the revised work plan, the method illustrated in FIG. 2 terminates at block 222. Additional or alternate actions may be taken in other embodiments.

It may happen that the system cannot develop the necessary described linkages. In that case, a transaction is produced by the system to a maintenance control area for further analysis or engineering assistance. In all cases, the unplanned work is fully identified, categorized and integrated to the total work plan prior to executing the repair task. This reduces or eliminates the uncertainty and variability formerly associated with unplanned MRO work.

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the planned work probable findings database. The database 116 is preferably contained on a storage medium such as a hard-disk drive, semiconductor memory or other electronic storage. The storage device or storage medium forms a computer readable equipment maintenance database storage medium. The database includes first data defining planned maintenance items for equipment and second data defining probable maintenance items for the equipment. The second data are associated with the first data by geographic data for the equipment.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the first data are organized as a series of planned MRO tasks 302, 304, 306. A task pointer 308 points to one of their designated tasks. Only three MRO tasks are shown in 302, 304, 306FIG. 3 but the database 116 may contain any number of tasks. Associated with each planned MRO tasks 302, 304, 306 are one or more probable maintenance items. Thus, associated with a first plan MRO task 302 are a first probable MRO task 310, a second probable MRO task 312, and a third probable MRO task 314. Any number of probable MRO tasks may be associated with each planned MRO task. FIG. 3 is exemplary only.

Linking the planned MRO tasks and the probable maintenance items is location data. The location data defines the physical or geographical location of the equipment where the components associated with the planned maintenance and probable maintenance may be found. The location for respective probable maintenance items associated with a common planned MRO task may vary. A location pointer 316 points to the currently accessed location in the database. Thus, this database may be considered a two-sided database.

Two-way operation of the database 116 may occur as follows. The database may be accessed using any suitable database management system or other user interface. Preferably, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a pull down menu system is used to display data from the database 116. By pointing and clicking with a pointer-type device, for example, the task pointer 308 or the location pointer 316 may be moved to select different database entries. By specifying a planned MRO task as indicated by the task pointer 308, all probable maintenance items associated with that planned MRO task can be located. Similarly, by specifying a geographic location using the location pointer 316 into the database 116, all planned maintenance such as planned MRO task 302 and probable or unplanned maintenance items such as tasks 310, 312, 314 associated with that location can be identified.

It should be noted that there may be several different location entries which may be associated with a single planned MRO task 302, 304, 306. For example, in the airplane context, if the planned MRO task 302 is described as “inspect air conditioning air ducts,” such ducts run the length of the plane, in a plurality of locations. Each separate location may have a separate probable MRO task 312, 312, 314 associated therewith.

The planned work geography locator database 116 can be formed in any suitable method. In one embodiment, this database is formed by identifying a planned MRO task for particular equipment and identifying one or more geographical areas of the equipment associated with completion of the planned MRO task. Subsequently, unplanned MRO tasks are identified which are associated with the one or more geographical areas. For example, a planned MRO task may be identified as “inspect left wing hydraulic lines.” The geographical areas for the airplane associated with this MRO task may be identified as the left wing and individual components and spaces thereof. An example of unplanned MRO tasks associated with the one or more geographical areas is “left wing airframe damage” or “worn electrical cables in left wing.”

The method for forming the equipment maintenance database further includes storing in a database first data related to the planned MRO task. This data may define, for example, an element or component requiring maintenance and the particular maintenance to be performed. The method further includes storing second data in the database, the second data related to the unplanned MRO tasks which have been identified for the geographical areas associated with the planned MRO task. The method still further includes associating the first data and second data by geographic data related to one or more geographical areas of the equipment. In one example, the geographical data may be data related to the codes established by the Air Transport Association industry organization to define an standard reference characteristic the geographical locations of an airplane. Examples of these codes are included herewith as an Appendix.

FIG. 4 illustrates a tailored question and response session between the system of FIG. 1 and an operator to gather data to permit integration of unplanned work tasks with a planned work schedule. At block 402, the operator is prompted to identify the item for maintenance. At block 404, the data entered by the operator is received. At block 406, the operator is asked if the specified item should be removed for further work. A response input is received at block 408. If a yes response is received, block 410, the operator is asked if a special fixture is required at block 412. A yes or no response is received at block 414.

At block 416, the operator is prompted to enter a required time for completion of the unplanned MRO task. A response is received at block 418. In addition, in one embodiment, external data is also received related to timing and duration of maintenance work. In one example, some airlines specify a very short turnaround time, meaning the duration from arrival of an airplane at an airport gate until subsequent departure of the plane on a next flight from the gate. Some airlines specify a turnaround time of 20 minutes. Other airlines specify a turnaround time of, for example, one hour. This information may be used, in conjunction with the data entered at block 418 to schedule the unplanned maintenance. Thus, if the data entered requires less than one hour for completion, and the turnaround time received at block 420 is an hour or more, the system may conclude that this unplanned work item may be completed during a turnaround process, assuming personnel and the equipment required for the task are available.

At block 422 the operator is prompted for a need for evaluation of the completed work. A response is received at block 424. At block 426, the operator is asked if an engineer is required for completion of the task. A response is received at block 428. At block 430, the operator is asked if quality assurance personnel are required for completion of the work item. A response is received at block 432. At block 434, the operator is asked if a lead technician or mechanic is required for completion of the task. A response is received at block 436.

Other questions may be asked of the operator based on the location and nature of the unplanned work to be performed and based on other information provided in the responses to the questions. The questions may be viewed as a tree, where the branch taken in the tree by the system is dependent upon the input received from the operator. Any number of questions may be generated depending upon the responses provided by the operator. Preferably, the number of questions is limited to the range of six to ten questions which are fairly general in nature for ready response by the operator.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention provides method and apparatus for identification, categorization and integration of unplanned MRO work in an MRO work schedule. A technician identifies location of the unplanned work and answers tailored questions posed by the system to obtain additional information about the nature of the work. Using this information, the system identifies and describes the unplanned work tasks and modifies the schedule for planned maintenance work to include the identified unplanned work. In this manner, the required components, information, tooling and personnel to perform the tasks, both unplanned and planned tasks, may be scheduled for efficient utilization and completion of the work schedule.

While a particular embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, modifications may be made. It is therefore intended in the appended claims to cover such changes and modifications which follow in the true spirit and scope of the invention.

APPENDIX
ATA CODES
05 MTC CHECKS                    22 AUTO FLIGHT
10 Time Limit                    10 Auto Pilot & Flight Director *
20 Scheduled Checks              Pitch/Roll/Annunciation
21 Trans Check                   20 Speed-Attitude Correction
23 #1 Layover                    YAW Damp
25 #2 & ER Layover Checks        Speed/Mach or Pitch Trim
50 Unscheduled Checks            Stability Augmentation
                                 Hard Landing                     30 AutoThrottle
                                 Turbulent Air                    Thrust Management
                                 Lightning Strike                 40 System Monitor
                                 Over-weight Landing              MCDP
                                 Bird Strike                      DLC/Auto Ground Spoilers
                                 Pre-Ferry Inspection             (L 1011 only)
21 AIR CONDITIONING              70 Aerodynamic Load Alleviating
10 Compression                   Active Control System
20 Distribution                  23 COMMUNICATIONS
                                 Conditioned Air Ducts            10 VHF
                                 Lav/Galley Vent System           20 VHF and UHF
                                 Recirculation Fan System         SELCAL
                                 Gasper                           30 Passenger Address
                                 Equipment Cooling                and Entertainment
30 Pressurization                Audio and Video
                                 Control & Indication             Tape Recorders
                                 Relief Valves                    35 Sky Radio
40 Heating                       40 Interphone
                                 Cargo Heat                       Cabin and Service
                                 Floor/Foot/Shoulder Heat         50 Audio Integrating
                                 Hot Air Manifold Heat            Flight Interphone
50 Cooling                       Cockpit Microphones/Headsets
                                 Air Cycle Machine                and Loudspeakers
                                 ACM Control & Ind.(ACM Only)     60 Static Discharge
                                 ACM Valves                       70 Voice Recorder
                                 ACM Controller                   80 ACARS
60 Temp. Control                 90 Air to Ground Telephones
                                 Zone Temp. Controller            (Airfone, Satcom)
                                 Zone Trim System                 91 ARINC 629
                                 Compartment & Zone Ind.          93 Overhead Panel ARINC
70 Humidity Regulation           System (OPAS)
73 Ozone Control                 94 Onboard Local Area
                                 Network (OLAN)
24 ELECTRICAL POWER              27 FLIGHT CONTROLS
                                 09Electrical Load Management     02 Primary Flight Controls
                                 System (ELMS)                    03 High Lift Control System
10 Generator Drive CSD and IDG   10 Ailerons
20 AC Generation                 Aileron Trim
                                 Generators                       Control Wheel
                                 Generator Control Panels         Aileron Pos. Indication
                                 Indication (AC)                  20 Rudder
30 DC Generation                 Rudder Trim
                                 Transformation Rectifiers        Rudder Pedals
                                 Battery and Battery Charging     Rudder Indication
                                 Indication (AC)                  30 Elevator
35 Flight Control D/C Power      Elevator Feel
40 External Power                Control Column
                                 Bus Power Control Unit           Elevator Indication
50 Electrical Distribution       40 Horizontal Stabilizer
                                 Ground Service                   Stabilizer Trim
                                 Utility Buses                    Stabilizer Pos. Indication
                                 Generator/Bus Tie Breakers       50 Flaps
25 EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS       Asymmetry Control
10 Flight Compartment            Load Relief
20 Passenger Compartment         Flap Pos. Indication
25 Cabin Maintenance Visit       60 Spoilers/Speedbrakes
30 Buffet and Galley             Spoiler Pos. Indication
                                 Service Areas                    70 Gust Lock
                                 Ovens/Chillers/Dispensers        80 Leading Edge Lift Augmenting
                                 Carts                            Leading Edge Slats/Flaps or Slots
                                 Elevators or Lifts               Auto Slat Extension System
40 Lavatories                    Asymmetry Control
50 Cargo and Accessory           Slat or Flap Pos. Indication
                                 Compartments                     28 FUEL
                                 Cargo Loading Systems            10 Storage
60 Emergency Equipment           20 Distribution
88 Cabin Cleaning Operation      Plumbing
26 FIRE PROTECTION               Pumps
10 Detection                     Valves
                                 Fire/Overheat or Smoke           30 Dump
20 Extinguishing                 40 Indicating
                                 Fixed or Portable Extinguishers  Quantity
30 Explosion Suppression         Temperature
                                 Fuel System Protection           Pressure
29 HYDRAULIC POWER               32 LANDING GEAR
10 Main                          10 Main Gear and Doors
20 Auxiliary                     20 Nose Gear and Doors
                                 Emergency or Standby             30 Extension and Retraction
                                 RAT                              Actuators and Control System
30 Indication                    Latches and Locks
                                 Quantity                         Truck Positioning (Tilt)
                                 Temperature                      40 Wheels and Brakes
                                 Pressure                         Wheel Assemblies
30 ICE & RAIN PROTECTION         Parking Brakes
10 Airfoil                       42 Anti-skid System, Autobrakes
20 Air Intakes                   43 Tire Foreign Object Damage
                                 Cowl Anti-icing                  (Puncture Damage)
30 Pitot and Static              50 Steering
40 Windshields and Windows       60 Position and Warning
50 Antennas and Radomes          Landing Gear/Supplementary Gear
60 Propellers/Rotors             and Gear Door Warning and
70 Water Lines                   Indication System
                                 Supply and Drain                 Proximity Switch Electronic Unit
80 Detection                     70 Supplementary Gear
                                 Ice Detector and Annunciation    Tail Skid
31 INSTRUMENTS                   33 LIGHTS
09 System Card Files             10 Flight Compartment
10 Panels                        20 Passenger Compartment
20 Independent Instruments       Galley and Lavatories
                                 Clocks                           Sign Illumination
30 Recorders                     30 Cargo and Service Compartments
                                 Flight Recorders/FDAU            40 Exterior Lighting
35 Aircraft Conditioning         50 Emergency Lighting
                                 Monitoring System (ACMS)         Flashlights
40 Computers
                                 Engine Indicating Crew
                                 Alerting System (EICAS)
                                 Multi-Acquisition Processor (MAP)
41 Airplane Information
                                 Management System (AIMS)
50 Central Warning
                                 Aural Warning
                                 Takeoff/Landing Warning
34 NAVIGATION                    38 WATER/WASTE
10 Flight Environment Data       10 Portable
                                 Pilot and Static Systems         Storage
                                 Altitude/Altitude Alert          Distribution
                                 A/S and Over-speed Warning       Quantity Ind.
                                 V/S                              30 Waste Disposal
                                 Air Data Computers               Wash Basins
                                 Stall Warning                    Water Closets
                                 Air Temperature                  Flushing Systems
20 Attitude and Heading          40 Air Supply
                                 Electronic Flight Instrument Systems Tank Pressurization
                                 Attitude Indicator Systems       45 CENTRAL FAULT DISPLAY
                                 Magnetic Heading Systems         SYSTEM
                                 Directional and Vertical Gyros
                                 Turn and Bank                    49 AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER
                                 Standby Horizon                  10 Power Plant
                                 Air Data Inertial Reference System Mounts
                                 (ADIRS)                          Fireseals
30 Landing and Taxi Aids         Electrical Harness
                                 ILS and Marker Beacon Systems    Intake
                                 Radio Altimeter System           Drains
                                 Monitor/Comparators              20 Engine
40 Independent Position Determining Accessory Gearbox
                                 INS or IRU                       30 Engine Fuel and Control
                                 Weather Radar                    Electronic Controller
                                 Ground Proximity Warning System  40 Ignition and Starting
“Collision Avoidance (TCAS, Windshear)” Starter
50 Dependent Position Determining 50 Air
                                 ADF - ATC - VOR                  Accessory Cooling
                                 OMEGA - DME - GPS                Pneumatic Supply
60 Flight Management             60 Engine Controls
35 OXYGEN                        Emergency Shutdown
10 Crew                          70 Engine Indicating
20 Passenger                     Speed and Temperature
30 Portable                      80 Exhaust
36 PNEUMATIC                     90 Oil
10 Distribution                  Storage
                                 Control System                   Distribution
                                 Ducts                            Indication
20 Indication
                                 Temp and Pressure (duct)
52 DOORS                         54 NACELLES/PYLONS
10 Passenger/Crew                10 Main Frame
                                 Steps                            Pylon/Strut
                                 Actuation                        Keels
20 Emergency Exits               30 Plates/Skins
                                 Emergency Actuation System       Access Covers
30 Cargo                         40 Attach Fittings
                                 Doors and Actuation System       Thrust Reverser
40 Service                       Attach Fittings
50 Fixed Interior                50 Fillets/Fairings
                                 Flight Compartment               Pylon to Wing/Eng Fairing
                                 Lavatory                         55 STABILIZER
60 Entrance Stairs               10 Horizontal
                                 Actuation                        Plates/Skin
                                 Control and Indication           20 Elevator
70 Door Warning                  Plates/Skin
                                 Passenger/Service Accessory      Balance Devices
                                 Compt. And Stairs Ind.           Tabs
                                 Code Landing Gear Doors          30 Vertical
                                 Under Chp. 32                    Plates/Skin
53 FUSELAGE                      40 Rudder
10 Main Frame                    Plates/Skin
                                 Bulkheads and Keels              Balance Devices
20 Auxiliary Structure           Tabs
                                 Floors                           50 Attach Fittings
                                 Fixed Partitions                 Horizontal and Vertical Stab/Elev
30 Plates and Skins              and Rudder Component
                                 Doublers                         56 WINDOWS
40 Attach Fittings               10 Flight Compartments
                                 Door/Gear/Wing and Engine        20 Cabin
                                 Pylon Attach Fittings            30 Door
                                 Seat Tracks                      40 Inspection and Observation
50 Aerodynamic Fairings
                                 Fillets
                                 Radome/Tail Cone
57 WINGS                         72 ENGINE
10 Main Frame                    10 Reduction Gear and Shaft
                                 Primary Structure                (Turbo-prop)
20 Auxiliary Structure           20 Air Inlet Section
                                 Leading/Trailing Edge            Fan Case
                                 Wing Tips                        Guide Vanes (Fixed)
                                 Fairing/Fillets                  30 Compressor Section
30 Plates/Skin                   Compressor - Front/Intermediate/Rear
40 Attach Fittings               Diffuser Case
                                 Pylon/Control Surface and Landing 39 Compressor Stall
                                 Gear Attach Fittings             40 Combustion Section
50 Flight Surfaces               Burner Cans
                                 Ailerons and Tabs                Combustion Chamber and Ducts
                                 Spoilers                         Case
                                 Flaps                            50 Turbine Section
                                 Leading Edge Lift Devices        Turbine Nozzles/Rotors/Cases
71 POWERPLANT                    Exhaust Section
03 Foreign Object Damage (FOD)   60 Accessory Drive Section
10 Cowling                       Engine Mounted Gearbox
                                 Inlet                            70 By Pass Section
                                 Accessory                        Fan Exist Case
                                 Core                             Air Bleed Manifolds
20 Mounts                        73 ENGINE FUEL & CONTROL
                                 Engine to Pylon                  10 Distribution
30 Fire Seals                    Pumps
                                 Power Plant Mounted              Filters
40 Attach Fittings               Nozzles
                                 Power Plant Accessory Attach     Valves
50 Electrical Harness            Tubes
                                 Wiring Disconnected and Removed  20 Controlling
                                 with Engine                      Fuel Control
60 Variable Air Intakes          Electronic Engine Control (FADEC)
70 Engine Drains                 Thrust Lever Resolvers
98 Max Power Takeoff             EEC Alternator
                                 MAX Power T/O (L1011-1 and       Propulsion Discrete Interface Unit
                                 MD 88/90)                        30 Indication
                                 NORM Power T/O (B 767 Domestic   Fuel Flow
                                 W/PW 4060)                       Fuel Temp
                                 ARTS Fired (MD88)                Engine Pump Fuel Press
                                 Filter Bypass
74 IGNITION                      77 ENGINE INDICATING
10 Elect Power Supply Exciter    10 Power
20 Distribution                  EPR
                                 Ignition Lead                    Tachometer (N1/N2/N3)
                                 Igniter Plug                     Engine Synch
30 Switching                     20 Temperature
                                 Ignition Control Circuit         EGT/TGT
75 AIR                           30 Analyzers
10 Engine Anti-icing             Airborne Vibration Monitor
                                 Cowl Anti-icing Code Under       Electronic Engine Control Monitor
                                 Chp. 30                          78 EXHAUST
20 Accessory Cooling             10 Collector/Nozzle
                                 Ducts and Tubing                 20 Noise Suppressor
                                 Generator Cooling                (exhaust gas noise only)
                                 Bearing Cooling                  30 Thrust Reverser
                                 Ignition Cooling                 Fan/Turbine Reverser
                                 Active Clearance Control         Control System
                                 (Case cooling)                   Indication System
                                 Turbine Cooling                  79 OIL
30 Compressor Control            10 Storage
                                 Variable Stator Vanes            Engine Tank
                                 Bleed Valves                     20 Distribution
                                 Actuator (VSV)                   Engine Lubricating System
40 Indication                    30 Indication
                                 Engine Air Control System        Quantity
                                 Indication                       Temperature
76 ENGINE CONTROLS               Pressure
                                 (Use 2230 for Autothrottles)     Filter Bypass
10 Power Controls                80 STARTING
                                 Levels                           10 Cranking
                                 Cables                           Starter System
                                 Bell Cranks                      99 MISCELLANEOUS
                                 Tension Regulators               Board Forms
20 Emergency Shutdown
“Engine”“T”“Handle”
                                 Shutdown Circuits

Claims

1. An automated interactive method for dynamically identifying an unplanned maintenance task during execution of a planned maintenance task on equipment and creating a corresponding unplanned maintenance task data record associated with the planned maintenance task, the method comprising: displaying on a user device a maintenance menu system for data entry and access;receiving from the user device a selected geographical location of unplanned maintenance work discovered on the equipment, the unplanned maintenance work comprising a first unplanned maintenance task associated with the selected geographical location and a second unplanned maintenance task not associated with the selected geographical location;establishing, through a task pointer, a first path to the first unplanned maintenance task on the equipment;establishing, through a location pointer, a second path through the selected geographical location to both the planned maintenance task and the first unplanned maintenance task;displaying on the user device the first unplanned maintenance task and suppressing display of the second unplanned maintenance task;receiving from the user device a selection specifying the first unplanned maintenance task at the selected geographical location of the equipment;receiving from the user device a selected work category to assign to the first unplanned maintenance task;receiving from the user device a selected task type to associate with the selected work category;determining a task description corresponding to the selected task type;acquiring component data for the first unplanned maintenance task; andestablishing and storing in a memory a resultant unplanned maintenance task data record comprising the selected geographical location, the selected work category, the selected task type, the task description, and the component data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected work category specifies a maintenance field operable to distinguish between a mechanical field, an electrical field and a software field.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected work category specifies a physical region of the equipment.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: displaying on the user device relevant entries for receiving the task description according to the selected task type; andsuppressing a display of irrelevant entries with respect to the selected task type.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring component data comprises: reading a machine readable unique data code from the equipment.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring component data comprises: posing on the user device a tailored question to the selected task type.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: preparing an integrated schedule including the planned maintenance task and the first unplanned maintenance task by sequencing the first unplanned maintenance task into a planned work sequence; andgenerating a work plan incorporating the integrated schedule.

8. An automated interactive system for dynamically identifying an unplanned maintenance task during execution of a planned maintenance task on equipment and creating a corresponding unplanned maintenance task data record associated with the planned maintenance task, the system comprising: a user interface in communication with a wearable user device operable to display a maintenance menu system for data entry and access, the user interface operable to: receive from the wearable user device a selected geographical location of unplanned maintenance work discovered on equipment wherein the unplanned maintenance work comprising a first unplanned maintenance task associated with the selected geographical location and a second unplanned maintenance task not associated with the selected geographical location;receive from the wearable user device a selection specifying the first unplanned maintenance task at the selected geographical location of the equipment;receive from the wearable user device a selected work category to assign to the first unplanned maintenance task;receive from the wearable user device a selected task type to associate with the selected work category; andacquire component data for the first unplanned maintenance task;a storage device configured to store maintenance data in a plurality of databases comprising: a planned work probable findings database configured to establish, through a task pointer, a first path to the first unplanned maintenance task on the equipment;a planned work geography located database configured to establish through a location pointer, a second path through the selected geographical location to the planned maintenance task;a geography definition database configured to establish through the location pointer, the second path through the selected geographical location to the first unplanned maintenance task;a work description library database configured to identify the selected work category and the selected task type; anda standard repair library database configured to store a standard method of repair and associated data and to identify a task description corresponding to the selected task type; anda maintenance server in communication with the user interface and the storage device and operable to establish a resultant unplanned maintenance task data record comprising the selected geographical location, the selected work category, the selected task type, the task description, and the component data.

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising: a scheduler in communication with the maintenance server and operable to generate a work plan based on the planned maintenance task.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the scheduler is further operable to prepare an integrated schedule including the planned maintenance task and the first unplanned maintenance task by sequencing the first unplanned maintenance task into a planned work sequence and to generate a revised work plan incorporating the integrated schedule.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the maintenance server is operable to determine whether the resultant unplanned maintenance task data record can or cannot be developed based on linkages among the selected geographical location, the selected work category, the selected task type, the task description, and the component data.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein upon determination that the resultant unplanned maintenance task data record cannot be developed, the maintenance server is further operable to produce a transaction to a maintenance control area for further analysis or engineering assistance.

13. The system of claim 8, wherein the maintenance server is operable to, through the user interface, pose on the wearable user device an initial tailored question corresponding to the selected type, and present an additional tailored question chosen based on a response received by the wearable user device to the initial tailored question.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the user interface is operable to present the tailored question to be viewed as a tree structure where a branch taken in the tree structure is dependent upon the response received from the wearable user device.

15. An automated interactive method for providing relevant maintenance information to a technician assigned to maintain equipment, the method comprising: entering through a user interface unplanned maintenance work discovered while planned maintenance work is under way;defining in a database contained on a storage medium a geographic location of the unplanned maintenance work by: establishing in the database, through a task pointer, a first path to the unplanned maintenance work on the equipment;establishing in the database, through a location pointer, a second path through the selected geographical location to both the planned maintenance work and the unplanned maintenance work;selecting with a server comprising a processor and in communication with the user interface and the database a task paired with the geographic location of the unplanned maintenance work wherein once the geographic location is defined, a display of another task paired with a different geographic location is suppressed;selecting with the server a work category of the selected task that shares resource allocated for the planned maintenance work;selecting with the server a type of the selected task associated with the selected work category;identifying with the server a task description corresponding to the selected type;entering through the user interface component data for the unplanned maintenance work; andestablishing with a scheduler comprising a computer and in communication with the server a resultant unplanned maintenance work data record comprising the selected geographical location, the selected work category, the selected task type, the task description, and the component data.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: prompting to enter a required time for completion of the discovered unplanned maintenance work.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: prompting to enter a need for evaluation of the unplanned maintenance work upon completion.

18. The method of claim 15, further comprising: prompting to enter a need for additional technicians or a need for a special technician comprising quality assurance personnel, a lead technician, or a lead mechanic for completion of the unplanned maintenance work.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: displaying information corresponding to the selected type as a tree structure where a branch taken in the tree structure is dependent upon data entered from a technician.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining that a resultant unplanned maintenance task data record cannot be developed based on linkages among the geographical location, the selected task, the selected work category, the selected task type, the task description, and the component data; andgenerating and sending a transaction to a maintenance control area for further analysis or engineering assistance of the unplanned maintenance work.